Study On The Quality Of The Patent System in Europe Enndbaf03
This study is dedicated to a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the patent system in Europe. An effective system for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights represents an essential element for the growth of economies, which are based on the generation and exploitation of new scientific and technological knowledge. The well-known risks of market failures in the private financing of innovation investments call for a continuous effort of policy makers to the improvements of the tools that are expected to guarantee proper private returns from R&D activities while protecting also the interests of consumers and society at large. The increased salience of patents to companies competing in the knowledge economy has raised concerns throughout the world in the past decade about the actual effectiveness of the current patent systems.
Access to data and material for research: putting empirical evidence into per...ndbaf03
The aim of this article is to put into critical perspective the empirical findings on
secrecy and withholding in research. In other words, by taking existing
empirical literature into account, it is intended that a crucial question is
answered: Is secrecy and withholding in research harmful or innocuous to
science? To understand how secrecy and withholding in research have
affected academic science, empirical studies have been placed in the wider
context of Mertonian underpinnings of the anticommons threat. The turning
point in testing the effects of secrecy and withholding of data and material
on scientific research was marked by statistical studies based on surveys and
bibliometric measures. These two types of empirical studies have given
answers to the basic question since academia was threatened by different
modes of practicing science.
Study On The Quality Of The Patent System in Europe Enndbaf03
This study is dedicated to a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the patent system in Europe. An effective system for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights represents an essential element for the growth of economies, which are based on the generation and exploitation of new scientific and technological knowledge. The well-known risks of market failures in the private financing of innovation investments call for a continuous effort of policy makers to the improvements of the tools that are expected to guarantee proper private returns from R&D activities while protecting also the interests of consumers and society at large. The increased salience of patents to companies competing in the knowledge economy has raised concerns throughout the world in the past decade about the actual effectiveness of the current patent systems.
Access to data and material for research: putting empirical evidence into per...ndbaf03
The aim of this article is to put into critical perspective the empirical findings on
secrecy and withholding in research. In other words, by taking existing
empirical literature into account, it is intended that a crucial question is
answered: Is secrecy and withholding in research harmful or innocuous to
science? To understand how secrecy and withholding in research have
affected academic science, empirical studies have been placed in the wider
context of Mertonian underpinnings of the anticommons threat. The turning
point in testing the effects of secrecy and withholding of data and material
on scientific research was marked by statistical studies based on surveys and
bibliometric measures. These two types of empirical studies have given
answers to the basic question since academia was threatened by different
modes of practicing science.
ASEAN benchmarking in terms of science, technology, and innovation from 1999 ...ndbaf03
This article provides an empirical assessment of the performance of the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in terms of science, tech- nology, and innovation. This study is relevant because it employs a larger data set, examines more countries, and covers more years than previous studies. The results indicate that these countries had differing patterns of performance, and the pattern of growth among them was asymmetrical. Additional findings suggest that these countries performed idio- syncratically with respect to the six quantitative dimensions we examined. Our research includes a form of comparative policy evaluation that might assist the monitoring of the implementation of ‘‘Vision 2020’’. The results simplify how we determine the relative strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems and are relevant to policy dis- cussions. In relation to transferability, the findings demonstrate similarities to the European Union with regard to performance and governance.
van Bavel, R., Voigt, P., Rodriguez, V. (Eds.) 2008. Role and Dynamics of Corporate R&D: Summary Report of the First European Conference on Corporate R&D. Seville: European Commission.
How to overcome the challenges facing the European IPR system?ndbaf03
The fragmentation, high costs and uncertainty in the European Patent System could explain some of the difficulties that Europe has in moving towards a more knowledge-intensive economy in order to create jobs and economic growth
A molecular monopoly? HPV testing, the Pap smear and the molecularisation of ...ndbaf03
Hogarth, S., Hopkins, M. M. and Rodriguez, V. (2011), A molecular monopoly? HPV testing, the Pap smear and the molecularisation of cervical cancer screening in the USA. Sociology of Health & Illness. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01411.x
2. Психологическая готовность кПсихологическая готовность к
школешколе -- это комплексныйэто комплексный
показатель, позволяющийпоказатель, позволяющий
прогнозировать успешность илипрогнозировать успешность или
неуспешность обучениянеуспешность обучения
первоклассника.первоклассника.
Психологическая готовность к школе
включает в себя следующие параметры
психического развития:
3. 1. Мотивационная готовность к
учению в школе, или наличие
учебной мотивации.
2. Определенный уровень развития
произвольного поведения,
позволяющий обучающемуся
выполнять требования учителя.
5. Что необходимо вЧто необходимо в
первую очередьпервую очередь
для подготовки кдля подготовки к
школе?школе?
6. 1. Заранее составьте1. Заранее составьте
для своего ребенкадля своего ребенка
режим дня с учетомрежим дня с учетом
особенностей семьи иособенностей семьи и
приучайте к егоприучайте к его
выполнению.выполнению.
7. 2. Обратите внимание2. Обратите внимание
на навыкина навыки
самообслуживания,самообслуживания,
привлекайте ребенка кпривлекайте ребенка к
участию в домашнихучастию в домашних
делах.делах.
8. Ваш ребенок должен знать:
1. Свое имя, фамилию,
возраст, где он живет
(город, улица, дом),
имена, отчества
родителей, где они
работают.
9. 2. Мир который его
окружает: времена
года, животных,
насекомых, деревья и
т.д..
10. 3. Ребенок должен не просто
воспринимать действительность, а
делать определенные выводы,
размышлять. Чаще задавайте ему
вопросы: «Почему ты так думаешь?»,
важно, чтобы ребенок научился
сравнивать, обобщать, сопоставлять.
11. 4. У него должна быть
сформирована внутренняя
позиция школьника, т.е. у
него должно быть желание
учиться, серьезное
отношение к школе, учению,
учителю.
12. 5. Ребенок должен владеть
навыками, традиционно
относящимся к школьным:
- письмо, счет (в пределах 10 в
прямом и обратном порядке),
решением арифметических задач.
13. 6. Владение умением связно,
последовательно, понятно
для окружающих описать
предмет, картинку, объяснить
то или иное правило.
14. 7. Умение входить в
детское общество,
действовать
совместно
с другими.
16. 9.У ребенка должен быть
сформирован достаточный
уровень волевого развития (т.е.
умение подчиняться и
выполнять систему требований,
предъявляемых школой и
учителем).
17. 10. У ребенка должно быть
сформировано
цветоразличение, должен
знать формы предметов, их
величину.
