This document discusses electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides information on key scientists like James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz who contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves. The document then describes the different types of electromagnetic waves categorized by their wavelength ranges, from gamma rays to radio waves. It also discusses infrared radiation subcategories and radio frequency bands. Finally, it covers properties of electromagnetic waves like speed in a vacuum, interactions with matter like reflection, refraction, and polarization.

1. James Clerk Maxwell
-
A
B
A
GS

2. B
B
G
D
G
D
G
D
B
G
G

3. G
D
D
Heinrich Hertz (
-
Electromagnetic Radiation)

4. )
(nm)
micrometer (mm)
f)
nanometer
hertz (Hz)
c = fl
Joule s-1 m-2 = watt m-2)
radiance)
irradiance)
Sensor)
gamma ray : l < 0.1 nm)

x-ray : 0.1 nm < l < 300 nm)



o
Near Infrared (NIR)
o
0.7
1.5 µm.
Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR)
1.5
3
µm.
o
o
Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR)
o

Mid Wavelength Infrared (MWIR)
Far Infrared (FIR)
radio wave)
3
8
15 µm.
8 µm.
15 µm.

5. o
P band
0.3 - 1 GHz (30 - 100 cm)
o
L band
1 - 2 GHz (15 - 30 cm)
o
S band
2 - 4 GHz (7.5 - 15 cm)
o
C band
4 - 8 GHz (3.8 - 7.5 cm)
o
X band
8 - 12.5 GHz (2.4 - 3.8 cm)
o
Ku band
o
K band
o
Ka band
12.5 - 18 GHz (1.7 - 2.4 cm)
18 - 26.5 GHz (1.1 - 1.7 cm)
26.5 - 40 GHz (0.75 - 1.1 cm
6,000 K
300 K
IR
0.91 mm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3x108m/s

6. 7.
Visible light)
400 – 700
1
1,000,000,000
Prism)
“
“
”
” (Spectrum)
“
”
“
”
Gamma ray)
X-ray)
0.01
0.01 - 1
Ultraviolet radiation)
Visible light)
1 - 400
400 – 700

7. Infrared radiation)
Microwave)
Radio wave)
polarized wave)
(
700
1
–1
– 10

8. 2
diffraction
birefringence)
ordinary
ray)
ray)
(extraordinary
double