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This document discusses the importance of database design and the database life cycle (DBLC). It states that carefully designing a database makes it easier to use, maintain and ensure data consistency, while poor design can result in data redundancy and incorrect results. The DBLC involves determining requirements, creating a conceptual model, developing a logical schema, optimizing the schema through normalization, and implementing the physical database in a management system.

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‫‪ ‬ا‪ ‬ا‪ ‬ا‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب وﺗﻘﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬روع ‪‬وا‪‬د ا‪‬ت‬ ‫‪‬ظ‪‬م ا‪‬راء ‪ ‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬د‪‬وي ا‪‬ر‪‬‬ ‫إ‪‬اد ا‪: ‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻧﻮري اﻟﺒﺪري‬ ‫إ‪‬اف :‬ ‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻃﺎرق‬ ‫1‬
‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت :‬ ‫إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﻴﺪﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ، إذ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬل‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﻴﺪﻩ . واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﳉﻴﺪ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام وإدارة ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ ، أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﻲء ﻓﺴﻴﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﳊﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة وﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﺪورﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي إﱃ أن أي ﻗﺮارات إدارﻳﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أي ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺎ ﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻩ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ .‬ ‫دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت )‪: Database Life Cycle (DBLC‬‬ ‫إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﲤﺮ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ ، ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ اﳌﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺪورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، وﻫﺬ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ أو دورة اﳊﻴﺎة ﲤﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺘﺰاﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت .‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت : وﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ .‬ ‫2‬
‫٢- إﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ‪: Conceptual Database‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﳕﻮذج أوﱄ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﳐﻄﻄﺎت ﻋﻼﻗﺔ-ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫)‪. (ER-D‬‬ ‫٣- ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ‪ : Logical Database‬ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ، أو ﳐﻄﻂ )‪ ، (ER-D‬إﱃ ﳐﻄﻂ اﻹﺳﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫)‪ ، (Database Schema‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎع ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪Mapping‬‬ ‫‪. Rules‬‬ ‫٤- ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ : وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ Normalization‬اﻟﱵ ﺪف إﱃ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ .‬ ‫٥- ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ : Physical Database‬وﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ أﻛﻮاد إﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ‪ ، SQL‬وﳛﺪد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﺪاول وﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳊﻘﻮل واﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ وﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، ﰒ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ذﻟﻚ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ، DBMS‬ﻣﺜﻞ ) , ‪Oracle , Access , Sqlserver‬‬ ‫‪. (Mysql … etc‬‬ ‫وإﻋﺘﻤﺎداً ﻋﻠﻰ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ، ﳒﺪ أن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت .‬ ‫3‬
‫ﻧﺒﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻪ :‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺔ اﳋﻨﺪﻗﺎوي اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﶈﺪودة إﺣﺪى ﻛﱪﻳﺎت ﻛﺎت اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﰲ ﳎﺎل إﺳﺘﲑاد وﲡﺎرة اﻟﻮاﺑﻮرات اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وﻃﻮاﺣﲔ اﻟﻐﻼل واﳌﻮﻟﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت وﻋﺪات اﻟﻮرش واﻹﺳﺒﲑات .‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻛﻪ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﲑاد ﻫﺬﻩ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ )اﻟﺼﲔ – اﳍﻨﺪ – اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن( وﻫﻲ ﻛﻴﻼً‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ذات اﻟﺸﻬﺮة اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﻪ ﰲ اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ .‬ ‫اﳌﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﺮوع ﻛﺔ ﰲ وﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻮدان اﻷﺧﺮى وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ وﺻﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺔ وﺳﻠﻌﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻳﺪ اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻳﺴﺮ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺰ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﺔ ﰲ اﳋﺮﻃﻮم – ع اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ – ﺟﻨﻮب ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺎروق،‬ ‫ﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮ‬ ‫وﳍﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﰲ أﻣﺪرﻣﺎن ، اﻟﺪاﻣﺮ ، ﺷﻨﺪي ، رﺑﻚ ، اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ، ﻧﻴﺎﻻ ،‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻗﻞ ، اﻟﻘﻀﺎرف .‬ ‫أﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎل إﺳﺘﲑاد وﲡﺎرة اﻟﻮاﺑﻮرات اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وﻃﻮاﺣﲔ اﻟﻐﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت وﻋﺪات اﻟﻮرش واﻹﺳﺒﲑات .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻘﻮم ﻛﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﲑاد ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺎت اﳌﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﲔ واﳍﻨﺪ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫٣- ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﻛﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺣﺠﺎرة اﻟﻄﻮاﺣﲔ ﻛﺔ أﺑﻮﺟﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﻪ .‬ ‫4‬
‫٤- ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻀﺎﺋﻊ أﺧﺮى ذات إﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫أﻫﺪاﻓﻬﺎ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ وﺻﻮل اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ إﱃ ﻳﺪ اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻳﺴﺮ .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ .‬ ‫٣- ﻓﺘﺢ ﻓﺮوع ﻛﺔ ﰲ وﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻮدان ﺪف ﺗﻘﺪﱘ أﻓﻀﻞ اﳋﺪﻣﺎت ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﺎ أﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧﻮ .‬ ‫5‬
‫وﺻﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم :‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض :‬ ‫١- ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ أو اﻟﺰﺑﻮن ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﳌﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت.‬ ‫٢- دﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ وإﺳﺘﻼم إﻳﺼﺎل ﻧﻘﺪي )ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ(.‬ ‫٣- دﻓﻊ اﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺎﳋﺰﻳﻨﻪ وإﺳﺘﻼم ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺼﺎل واﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت .‬ ‫٤- ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻮﻇﻒ اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ أﻣﲔ اﳋﺰﻳﻨﻪ .‬ ‫٥- إﺳﺘﺨﺮاج إذن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﺰن )ﺻﺮﻓﻪ( .‬ ‫٦- إﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﺰن .‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺎزن :‬ ‫١- ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ أﻣﲔ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺑﻮﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ داﺧﻞ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺣﺴﺐ اﳊﺠﻢ واﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻪ وﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﻪ )ﺣﺮارﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ، أﻣﻄﺎر وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ( .‬ ‫٣- ﻳﻘﻮم أﻣﲔ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺑﺘﺪوﻳﻦ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺪﻓﱰ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ )ﺑﺪﻓﱰ ﻛﺔ اﳌﺨﺰن( .‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫٤- اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﱵ ﰎ إﺳﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻮﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ .‬ ‫6‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت )ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت( :‬ ‫وﻫﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫١- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة :‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺎت ‪ client‬ﺗﻼﺛﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﳌﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﳉﻬﺎز 0022 ‪HP DX‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﰿ : ‪Intel Processor Core i3 , ٦ GHz‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ :‪RAM ٣GB‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﺼﻠﺐ:‪HDD 350 GB‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻞ اﻹﻗﺮاص اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ:25:‪DVD:RM‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ :‪MONITOR17" LCD‬‬ ‫7‬
‫٢- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت:‬ ‫اﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎت اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ ﻫﻲ:-‬ ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن 3002‪ windows server‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﳉﻬﺎز‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﳌﺨﺪم ‪ server‬إﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ client‬ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫‪.windows xp‬‬ ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ‪oracle‬‬‫‪.10g‬‬ ‫٣- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت:‬ ‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ﳒﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪. twisted pair‬‬‫- ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ switch‬ﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ.‬ ‫8‬
‫إﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ‪Conceptual Database‬‬ ‫ﯾورد‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫ﺑوﻟﺳﺗﺔ اﻟﺷﺣن‬ ‫)اﻷﺻﻧﺎف(‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫وﯾوﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺧزن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧرج‬ ‫1‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺄﻛد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﯾطﻠب‬ ‫)ﯾﺣدد‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﮫ‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﺻرﻓﮫ)إذن‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻠﯾم(‬ ‫1‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﯾدﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﺧزﯾﻧﮫ‬ ‫9‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗورة اﻟﻣﺑﯾﻌﺎت‬
Logical Database ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ receives received_id received_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Emp_job customer customer_id customer_name customer_phone customer_address Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Company _Country Incoming Incoming_id Item_type_id Item_id Incoming_detail_unit Incoming_detail_qty Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Supplier_id Item Item_id Item_name Item_type_id Company_id Item_price Item_max Item_min Stock Stock Stock_id Stock_name Emp_id outgoing outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note received_id Invoices Invoices _id Item_type_id Item_id Invoices _detail_qty Item_price Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Customer_id Supplier Supplier_id Supplier_name Supplier_phone Supplier_email Supplier_address 10
‫ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬Normalization ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ : (‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳉﺪاول ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﳉﺪاول ﻓﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﱰاﺑﻂ وﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬normalization ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ال‬ : ‫وﻻﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار ، واﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ job job_id job_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Job_id Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Country_id Country Country_id Country_name outgoing_detail outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note Outgoing Outgoing_id Outgoing_date Received_id 11
Incoming_detail Incoming_id Item_type_id Item_id Incoming_detail_unit Incoming_detail_qty Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Incoming Incoming_id Buy_no Incoming_date Supplier_id Stock_id Invoices_detail Invoices _id Item_type_id Item_id Invoices _detail_qty Item_price Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Invoices Invoices_id Invoices_date Customer_id Item Item_id Item_name Item_type_id Company_id Item_price Item_max Item_min Stock_id Item_type Item_type_id Item_type_name 12
Logical Database (‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ )ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ job job_id job_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Job_id Item Item_id Item_name Item_type_id Company_id Item_price Item_max Item_min Stock_id Stock Stock_id Stock_name Emp_id Supplier Supplier_id Supplier_name Supplier_phone Supplier_email Supplier_address Country Country_id Country_name customer customer_id customer_name customer_phone customer_address Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Country_id Incoming_detail Incoming_id Item_type_id Item_id Incoming_detail_unit Incoming_detail_qty Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Incoming Incoming_id Buy_no Incoming_date Supplier_id Stock_id Invoices Invoices_id Invoices_date Customer_id receives received_id received_name Outgoing Outgoing_id Outgoing_date Received_id outgoing_detail outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note Invoices_detail Invoices _id Item_type_id Item_id Invoices _detail_qty Item_price Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Item_type Item_type_id Item_type_name 13
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪Physical Database‬‬ ‫١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻪ ‪job‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪١٠ Job_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Job_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٢- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ ‪emp‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪٣٠ Emp_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫‪٣٠ Emp_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Emp_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Job_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫٣- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ‪customer‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫‪٣٠ Customer_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Customer_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫‪٣٠ Customer_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٤- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ‪country‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫‪١٠ Country_id‬‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫41‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪PK‬‬
‫إﺳم اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫‪٣٠ Country_name‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫٥- ﺟﺪول ﻛﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻪ ‪company‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Company_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Company_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Company_email‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Country_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫٦- ﺟﺪول أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ‪item_type‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪٣٠ Item_type_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٧- ﺟﺪول اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ‪item‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫‪٣٠ Item_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Company_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌر‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_price‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺣد اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_max‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺣد اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_min‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫51‬
‫٨- ﺟﺪول ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹدﺧﺎل ‪incoming‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻣﺳﺗﻧد اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷ اء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Buy_no‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪-- Incoming_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Supplier_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٩- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹدﺧﺎل ‪incoming_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻣﺳﺗﻧد اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدﻩ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Incoming_detail_unit‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ اﻟﻣدﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Incoming_detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٠١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﻴﻦ ‪receives‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪١٠ Received_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪٣٠ Received_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫61‬
‫١١- ﺟﺪوإل ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪outgoing‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﺳﻧد اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪-- Outgoing_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Received_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٢١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪outgoing_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم ﺳﻧد اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدﻩ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Outgoing__detail_unit‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing__detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing__detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Outgoing__detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٣١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺨﺰن ‪stock‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪٣٠ Stock_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫71‬
‫٤١- ﺟﺪول ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ‪invoices‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل اﻟﺻﺎد ة ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoices_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪-- Invoices_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٥١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻓﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ‪invoice_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌر‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_price‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Invoice_detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٦١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ ‪supplier‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫‪١٠ Supplier_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Supplier_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_email‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫81‬
‫٧١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺨﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪Py‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺧزﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ع اﻟدﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﻣدﻓو‬ ‫ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗور‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Py_Id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Py_Type‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Paid‬‬ ‫‪NUMBER‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoices_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫91‬
SQL Code (Create Tables) : CREATE TABLE job (job_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, job_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT job_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (job_id)); CREATE TABLE emp (emp_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, emp_name VARCHAR2(30), emp_address VARCHAR2(30), emp_phone VARCHAR2(14), job_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT emp_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (emp_id), ADD CONSTRAINT emp_job_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (job_id) REFERENCES job (job_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE customer (customer_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, customer_name VARCHAR2(30), customer_phone VARCHAR2(14), customer_address VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT customer_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id)); CREATE TABLE country (country_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, country_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT country_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (country_id)); CREATE TABLE company (company_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, company_name VARCHAR2(30), company_email VARCHAR2(30), country_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT company_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (company_id), 20
ADD CONSTRAINT company_country_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (country_id) REFERENCES country (country_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE item_type (item_type_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, item_type_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT item_type_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (item_type_id)); CREATE TABLE item (item_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, item_name VARCHAR2(30), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), company_id VARCHAR2(10), item_price VARCHAR2(10), item_max VARCHAR2(10), item_min VARCHAR2(10), stock_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT item_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (item_id), ADD CONSTRAINT item_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT item_company_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (company_id) REFERENCES company (company_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT item_stock_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) REFERENCES stock (stock_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE incoming (incoming_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, buy_no VARCHAR2(10), incoming_date DATE, supplier_id VARCHAR2(10), stock_id VARCHAR2(10) ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (incoming_id), ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_supplier_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id) REFERENCES supplier (supplier_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_stock_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) 21
REFERENCES stock (stock_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE incoming_detail (incoming_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_unit VARCHAR2(30), incoming_detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_total VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_detail_incoming_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (incoming_id) REFERENCES incoming (incoming_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incomin_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE receives (received_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, received_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT receives_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (received_id)); CREATE TABLE outgoing (outgoing_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, outgoing_date DATE, received_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (outgoing_id), ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_received_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (received_id) REFERENCES receives (received_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); 22
CREATE TABLE outgoing_detail (outgoing_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_unit VARCHAR2(30), outgoing__detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_total VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_detail_outgoing_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (outgoing_id) REFERENCES outgoing (outgoing_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT outgoin_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE stock (stock_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, stock_name VARCHAR2(30), emp_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT stock_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (stock_id), ADD CONSTRAINT stock_emp_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (emp_id) REFERENCES emp (emp_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE invoices (invoices_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, invoices_date DATE, customer_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT invoices_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (invoices_id), ADD CONSTRAINT invoices_customer_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customer (customer_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); 23
CREATE TABLE invoice_detail (invoice_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), item_price VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_total VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_invoice_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (invoice_id) REFERENCES invoices (invoices_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_price_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_price) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE supplier (supplier_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, supplier_name VARCHAR2(30), supplier_phone VARCHAR2(14), supplier_email VARCHAR2(30), supplier_address VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT supplier_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)); 24
: (‫اﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت )اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬ ‫١. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select * From invouces Where invouces_date='10-10-2012'; . ‫٢. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﻴﻪ ﳏﺪدﻩ‬ Select * From invouces Where invouces_date between '1-10-2012' and '1-10-2013'; . ‫٣. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺪد ﻓﻮاﺗﲑ اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﰲ ﻓﱰة ﳏﺪدﻩ‬ Select count(*) From invouces Where invouces_date between '1-10-2012' and 25
'1-10-2013'; . ‫٤. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select customer_id, invouces_id, invouces_date From invouces,customer Where customer.customer_id = invouces.customer_id; . ‫٥. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻮردﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ و ﻛﺎت اﳌﺼﻨﻌﻪ ﳍﺎ وﺑﻠﺪ اﳌﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ اﻟﺸﺮ‬ Select item_id,company_id,country_id From item,company,country Where (item.company_id = company. company_id) and (company. country_id= country. country_id); . ‫٦. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻮاع اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻮردﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ Select item_type_id From item_type; 26
. ‫٧. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ واﳊﺪ اﻷدﱏ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ‬ Select item_ name,item_max,item_min From item; . (‫٨. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ اﻷدﱏ )اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ اﻟﺸﺮاء ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ Select item_ id, item_min From item; . ‫٩. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select item_type_id,item_id From item,item_type Where item. item_type_id = item_type. item_type_id Group by item_type_name; 27
. ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ .١٠ Select item_id, From item Where item_type_id ='1'; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺰن ﺣﺴﺐ اﳌﺨﺰن اﳌﻮﺟﻮدﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ .١١ Select item_id ,stock_id From item,stock Where (item. stock_id = stock. stock_id) Group by stock_id; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﺪث وأﻗﺪم ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة ﺑﻴﻊ‬ .١٢ SELECT MAX(invoices_date), MIN(invoices_date) FROM invoices; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﰲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ 28 .١٣
‫‪SELECT emp_id,emp_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM emp‬‬ ‫٤١.‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻮردﻳﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻛﻪ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪SELECT supplier_id, supplier_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM supplier‬‬ ‫٥١.‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﻣﻊ ﻛﺔ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪SELECT customer_id, customer_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM customer‬‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﺎف ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ أﺧﺮى ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ .‬ ‫92‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم :‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﻨﺪﻗﺎوي :‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬ ‫03‬
‫٢- اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬ ‫13‬
‫٣- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫23‬
‫٤- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬ ‫33‬
‫٥- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬ ‫43‬
‫٦- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬ ‫53‬
‫٧- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹدﺧﺎل وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫63‬
‫٨- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺻﻨﺎف‬ ‫73‬
‫٩- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺻﻨﺎف‬ ‫83‬
‫٠١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫93‬
‫١١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫04‬
‫٢١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫14‬
‫٣١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺎزن‬ ‫24‬
‫٤١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ‬ ‫34‬
‫٥١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺑﺤﻤﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫44‬

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مشروع قواعد البيانات

  • 1.
    ‫‪ ‬ا‪ ‬ا‪‬ا‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب وﺗﻘﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬روع ‪‬وا‪‬د ا‪‬ت‬ ‫‪‬ظ‪‬م ا‪‬راء ‪ ‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬د‪‬وي ا‪‬ر‪‬‬ ‫إ‪‬اد ا‪: ‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻧﻮري اﻟﺒﺪري‬ ‫إ‪‬اف :‬ ‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﻃﺎرق‬ ‫1‬
  • 2.
    ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪاﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت :‬ ‫إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﻴﺪﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ، إذ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬل‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﻴﺪﻩ . واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﳉﻴﺪ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام وإدارة ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻩ ، أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﻲء ﻓﺴﻴﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﳊﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة وﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﺪورﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺆدي إﱃ أن أي ﻗﺮارات إدارﻳﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أي ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺎ ﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻩ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ .‬ ‫دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت )‪: Database Life Cycle (DBLC‬‬ ‫إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﲤﺮ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ ، ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ اﳌﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺪورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، وﻫﺬ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ أو دورة اﳊﻴﺎة ﲤﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺘﺰاﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت .‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت : وﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ .‬ ‫2‬
  • 3.
    ‫٢- إﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﻋﺪةاﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ‪: Conceptual Database‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﳕﻮذج أوﱄ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﳐﻄﻄﺎت ﻋﻼﻗﺔ-ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫)‪. (ER-D‬‬ ‫٣- ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ‪ : Logical Database‬ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ، أو ﳐﻄﻂ )‪ ، (ER-D‬إﱃ ﳐﻄﻂ اﻹﺳﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫)‪ ، (Database Schema‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎع ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪Mapping‬‬ ‫‪. Rules‬‬ ‫٤- ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ : وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ Normalization‬اﻟﱵ ﺪف إﱃ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ .‬ ‫٥- ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ : Physical Database‬وﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ أﻛﻮاد إﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ‪ ، SQL‬وﳛﺪد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﺪاول وﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳊﻘﻮل واﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ وﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ، ﰒ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ذﻟﻚ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ، DBMS‬ﻣﺜﻞ ) , ‪Oracle , Access , Sqlserver‬‬ ‫‪. (Mysql … etc‬‬ ‫وإﻋﺘﻤﺎداً ﻋﻠﻰ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ، ﳒﺪ أن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت .‬ ‫3‬
  • 4.
    ‫ﻧﺒﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦﻛﻪ :‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺔ اﳋﻨﺪﻗﺎوي اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﶈﺪودة إﺣﺪى ﻛﱪﻳﺎت ﻛﺎت اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﰲ ﳎﺎل إﺳﺘﲑاد وﲡﺎرة اﻟﻮاﺑﻮرات اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وﻃﻮاﺣﲔ اﻟﻐﻼل واﳌﻮﻟﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت وﻋﺪات اﻟﻮرش واﻹﺳﺒﲑات .‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻛﻪ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﲑاد ﻫﺬﻩ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ )اﻟﺼﲔ – اﳍﻨﺪ – اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن( وﻫﻲ ﻛﻴﻼً‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺎً ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ذات اﻟﺸﻬﺮة اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﻪ ﰲ اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ .‬ ‫اﳌﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﺮوع ﻛﺔ ﰲ وﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻮدان اﻷﺧﺮى وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ وﺻﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺔ وﺳﻠﻌﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻳﺪ اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻳﺴﺮ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺰ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﺔ ﰲ اﳋﺮﻃﻮم – ع اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ – ﺟﻨﻮب ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺎروق،‬ ‫ﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺮ‬ ‫وﳍﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﰲ أﻣﺪرﻣﺎن ، اﻟﺪاﻣﺮ ، ﺷﻨﺪي ، رﺑﻚ ، اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ، ﻧﻴﺎﻻ ،‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺎﻗﻞ ، اﻟﻘﻀﺎرف .‬ ‫أﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﺎ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎل إﺳﺘﲑاد وﲡﺎرة اﻟﻮاﺑﻮرات اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وﻃﻮاﺣﲔ اﻟﻐﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫واﳌﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت وﻋﺪات اﻟﻮرش واﻹﺳﺒﲑات .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻘﻮم ﻛﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﲑاد ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺎت اﳌﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﲔ واﳍﻨﺪ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫٣- ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﻛﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺣﺠﺎرة اﻟﻄﻮاﺣﲔ ﻛﺔ أﺑﻮﺟﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﻪ .‬ ‫4‬
  • 5.
    ‫٤- ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻪﰲ ﺑﻀﺎﺋﻊ أﺧﺮى ذات إﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫أﻫﺪاﻓﻬﺎ :‬ ‫١- ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ وﺻﻮل اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ إﱃ ﻳﺪ اﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻳﺴﺮ .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ .‬ ‫٣- ﻓﺘﺢ ﻓﺮوع ﻛﺔ ﰲ وﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻮدان ﺪف ﺗﻘﺪﱘ أﻓﻀﻞ اﳋﺪﻣﺎت ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﺎ أﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧﻮ .‬ ‫5‬
  • 6.
    ‫وﺻﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم :‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎماﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض :‬ ‫١- ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ أو اﻟﺰﺑﻮن ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﺎج إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﳌﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت.‬ ‫٢- دﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ وإﺳﺘﻼم إﻳﺼﺎل ﻧﻘﺪي )ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ(.‬ ‫٣- دﻓﻊ اﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺎﳋﺰﻳﻨﻪ وإﺳﺘﻼم ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺼﺎل واﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت .‬ ‫٤- ﻳﻘﻮم ﻣﻮﻇﻒ اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ أﻣﲔ اﳋﺰﻳﻨﻪ .‬ ‫٥- إﺳﺘﺨﺮاج إذن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﺰن )ﺻﺮﻓﻪ( .‬ ‫٦- إﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﺰن .‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺎزن :‬ ‫١- ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ أﻣﲔ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺑﻮﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ .‬ ‫٢- ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ داﺧﻞ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺣﺴﺐ اﳊﺠﻢ واﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻪ وﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﻪ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﳌﻨﺎﺧﻴﻪ )ﺣﺮارﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ، أﻣﻄﺎر وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ( .‬ ‫٣- ﻳﻘﻮم أﻣﲔ اﳌﺨﺰن ﺑﺘﺪوﻳﻦ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺪﻓﱰ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ )ﺑﺪﻓﱰ ﻛﺔ اﳌﺨﺰن( .‬ ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫٤- اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﱵ ﰎ إﺳﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻮﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ .‬ ‫6‬
  • 7.
    ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎتاﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت )ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت( :‬ ‫وﻫﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫١- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة :‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺎت ‪ client‬ﺗﻼﺛﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﳌﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﳉﻬﺎز 0022 ‪HP DX‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﰿ : ‪Intel Processor Core i3 , ٦ GHz‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ :‪RAM ٣GB‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟﺼﻠﺐ:‪HDD 350 GB‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻞ اﻹﻗﺮاص اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ:25:‪DVD:RM‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ :‪MONITOR17" LCD‬‬ ‫7‬
  • 8.
    ‫٢- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت:‬ ‫اﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎتاﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ ﻫﻲ:-‬ ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن 3002‪ windows server‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﳉﻬﺎز‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﳌﺨﺪم ‪ server‬إﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻻﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪ client‬ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫‪.windows xp‬‬ ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ‪oracle‬‬‫‪.10g‬‬ ‫٣- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت:‬ ‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ﳒﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻼت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪. twisted pair‬‬‫- ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ switch‬ﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ.‬ ‫8‬
  • 9.
    ‫إﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎتاﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ‪Conceptual Database‬‬ ‫ﯾورد‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫ﺑوﻟﺳﺗﺔ اﻟﺷﺣن‬ ‫)اﻷﺻﻧﺎف(‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫وﯾوﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺗﺧزن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧرج‬ ‫1‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺄﻛد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﯾطﻠب‬ ‫)ﯾﺣدد‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﮫ‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﺻرﻓﮫ)إذن‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻠﯾم(‬ ‫1‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﯾدﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ‬ ‫1‬ ‫1‬ ‫اﻟﺧزﯾﻧﮫ‬ ‫9‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗورة اﻟﻣﺑﯾﻌﺎت‬
  • 10.
    Logical Database ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ receives received_id received_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Emp_job customer customer_id customer_name customer_phone customer_address Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Company _Country Incoming Incoming_id Item_type_id Item_id Incoming_detail_unit Incoming_detail_qty Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Supplier_id Item Item_id Item_name Item_type_id Company_id Item_price Item_max Item_min Stock Stock Stock_id Stock_name Emp_id outgoing outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note received_id Invoices Invoices _id Item_type_id Item_id Invoices _detail_qty Item_price Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Customer_id Supplier Supplier_id Supplier_name Supplier_phone Supplier_email Supplier_address 10
  • 11.
    ‫ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬Normalization‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ : (‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳉﺪاول ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﳉﺪاول ﻓﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﱰاﺑﻂ وﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬normalization ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ال‬ : ‫وﻻﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار ، واﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ job job_id job_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Job_id Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Country_id Country Country_id Country_name outgoing_detail outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note Outgoing Outgoing_id Outgoing_date Received_id 11
  • 12.
  • 13.
    Logical Database (‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ )ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ job job_id job_name Emp Emp_id Emp_name Emp_address Emp_phone Job_id Item Item_id Item_name Item_type_id Company_id Item_price Item_max Item_min Stock_id Stock Stock_id Stock_name Emp_id Supplier Supplier_id Supplier_name Supplier_phone Supplier_email Supplier_address Country Country_id Country_name customer customer_id customer_name customer_phone customer_address Company Company_id Company_name Company_email Country_id Incoming_detail Incoming_id Item_type_id Item_id Incoming_detail_unit Incoming_detail_qty Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Incoming Incoming_id Buy_no Incoming_date Supplier_id Stock_id Invoices Invoices_id Invoices_date Customer_id receives received_id received_name Outgoing Outgoing_id Outgoing_date Received_id outgoing_detail outgoing_id Item_type_id Item_id outgoing _detail_unit outgoing _detail_qty outgoing_detail_total outgoing _detail_note Invoices_detail Invoices _id Item_type_id Item_id Invoices _detail_qty Item_price Incoming_detail_total Incoming_detail_note Item_type Item_type_id Item_type_name 13
  • 14.
    ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎتاﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪Physical Database‬‬ ‫١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻪ ‪job‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪١٠ Job_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Job_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٢- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ ‪emp‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪٣٠ Emp_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫‪٣٠ Emp_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Emp_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Job_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬ ‫٣- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ‪customer‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫‪٣٠ Customer_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Customer_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫‪٣٠ Customer_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٤- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ‪country‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫‪١٠ Country_id‬‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫41‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪PK‬‬
  • 15.
    ‫إﺳم اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫‪٣٠ Country_name‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫٥-ﺟﺪول ﻛﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻪ ‪company‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Company_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Company_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Company_email‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Country_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫٦- ﺟﺪول أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ‪item_type‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪٣٠ Item_type_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫٧- ﺟﺪول اﻷﺻﻨﺎف ‪item‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫‪٣٠ Item_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷرﻛﻪ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Company_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌر‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_price‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺣد اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_max‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺣد اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_min‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫51‬
  • 16.
    ‫٨- ﺟﺪول ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪاﻹدﺧﺎل ‪incoming‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻣﺳﺗﻧد اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺷ اء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Buy_no‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪-- Incoming_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Supplier_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٩- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹدﺧﺎل ‪incoming_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻣﺳﺗﻧد اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدﻩ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Incoming_detail_unit‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ اﻟﻣدﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Incoming_detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Incoming_detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٠١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﻴﻦ ‪receives‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪١٠ Received_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫‪٣٠ Received_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫61‬
  • 17.
    ‫١١- ﺟﺪوإل ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪاﻹﺧﺮاج ‪outgoing‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﺳﻧد اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪-- Outgoing_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Received_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٢١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪outgoing_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم ﺳﻧد اﻹﺧ اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدﻩ‬ ‫‪٣٠ Outgoing__detail_unit‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing__detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Outgoing__detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Outgoing__detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٣١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺨﺰن ‪stock‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪١٠ Stock_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣﺧزن‬ ‫‪٣٠ Stock_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫71‬
  • 18.
    ‫٤١- ﺟﺪول ﻓﺎﺗﻮرةاﻟﺒﻴﻊ ‪invoices‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻌﻣﯾل اﻟﺻﺎد ة ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoices_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪-- Invoices_date‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫٥١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻓﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ‪invoice_detail‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم ﻓﺎﺗو ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_type_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﻪ‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_detail_qty‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻌر‬ ‫‪١٠ Item_price‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoice_detail_total‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬ ‫‪٥٠ Invoice_detail_note‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم ع اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺻﻧف‬ ‫٦١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ ‪supplier‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫‪١٠ Supplier_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣورد‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_name‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﻬﺎﺗف‬ ‫‪١٤ Supplier_phone‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_email‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪٣٠ Supplier_address‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﯾد اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻧوان‬ ‫81‬
  • 19.
    ‫٧١- ﺟﺪول اﻟﺨﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪Py‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫رﻗم اﻟﺧزﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ع اﻟدﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﻣدﻓو‬ ‫ة اﻟﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗور‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﻣوظف‬ ‫اﻹﺳم اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺟم اﻟﺣﻘل‬ ‫ع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫‪١٠ Py_Id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪PK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Py_Type‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Paid‬‬ ‫‪NUMBER‬‬ ‫--‬ ‫‪١٠ Invoices_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Customer_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫‪١٠ Emp_id‬‬ ‫2‪VARCHAR‬‬ ‫‪FK‬‬ ‫91‬
  • 20.
    SQL Code (CreateTables) : CREATE TABLE job (job_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, job_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT job_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (job_id)); CREATE TABLE emp (emp_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, emp_name VARCHAR2(30), emp_address VARCHAR2(30), emp_phone VARCHAR2(14), job_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT emp_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (emp_id), ADD CONSTRAINT emp_job_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (job_id) REFERENCES job (job_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE customer (customer_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, customer_name VARCHAR2(30), customer_phone VARCHAR2(14), customer_address VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT customer_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id)); CREATE TABLE country (country_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, country_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT country_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (country_id)); CREATE TABLE company (company_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, company_name VARCHAR2(30), company_email VARCHAR2(30), country_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT company_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (company_id), 20
  • 21.
    ADD CONSTRAINT company_country_id_fkFOREIGN KEY (country_id) REFERENCES country (country_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE item_type (item_type_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, item_type_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT item_type_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (item_type_id)); CREATE TABLE item (item_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, item_name VARCHAR2(30), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), company_id VARCHAR2(10), item_price VARCHAR2(10), item_max VARCHAR2(10), item_min VARCHAR2(10), stock_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT item_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (item_id), ADD CONSTRAINT item_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT item_company_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (company_id) REFERENCES company (company_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT item_stock_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) REFERENCES stock (stock_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE incoming (incoming_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, buy_no VARCHAR2(10), incoming_date DATE, supplier_id VARCHAR2(10), stock_id VARCHAR2(10) ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (incoming_id), ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_supplier_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id) REFERENCES supplier (supplier_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_stock_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) 21
  • 22.
    REFERENCES stock (stock_id)ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE incoming_detail (incoming_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_unit VARCHAR2(30), incoming_detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_total VARCHAR2(10), incoming_detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_detail_incoming_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (incoming_id) REFERENCES incoming (incoming_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incomin_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT incoming_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE receives (received_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, received_name VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT receives_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (received_id)); CREATE TABLE outgoing (outgoing_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, outgoing_date DATE, received_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (outgoing_id), ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_received_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (received_id) REFERENCES receives (received_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); 22
  • 23.
    CREATE TABLE outgoing_detail (outgoing_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_unit VARCHAR2(30), outgoing__detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_total VARCHAR2(10), outgoing__detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADDCONSTRAINT outgoing_detail_outgoing_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (outgoing_id) REFERENCES outgoing (outgoing_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT outgoin_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT outgoing_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE stock (stock_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, stock_name VARCHAR2(30), emp_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT stock_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (stock_id), ADD CONSTRAINT stock_emp_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (emp_id) REFERENCES emp (emp_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE invoices (invoices_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, invoices_date DATE, customer_id VARCHAR2(10), ADD CONSTRAINT invoices_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (invoices_id), ADD CONSTRAINT invoices_customer_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customer (customer_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); 23
  • 24.
    CREATE TABLE invoice_detail (invoice_id VARCHAR2(10), item_type_id VARCHAR2(10), item_id VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_qty VARCHAR2(10), item_price VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_total VARCHAR2(10), invoice_detail_note VARCHAR2(50), ADDCONSTRAINT invoice_detail_invoice_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (invoice_id) REFERENCES invoices (invoices_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_type_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_type_id) REFERENCES item_type (item_type_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_id) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT invoice_detail_item_price_fk FOREIGN KEY (item_price) REFERENCES item (item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE); CREATE TABLE supplier (supplier_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, supplier_name VARCHAR2(30), supplier_phone VARCHAR2(14), supplier_email VARCHAR2(30), supplier_address VARCHAR2(30), ADD CONSTRAINT supplier_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)); 24
  • 25.
    : (‫اﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲﺗﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت )اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬ ‫١. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select * From invouces Where invouces_date='10-10-2012'; . ‫٢. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﻴﻪ ﳏﺪدﻩ‬ Select * From invouces Where invouces_date between '1-10-2012' and '1-10-2013'; . ‫٣. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺪد ﻓﻮاﺗﲑ اﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﰲ ﻓﱰة ﳏﺪدﻩ‬ Select count(*) From invouces Where invouces_date between '1-10-2012' and 25
  • 26.
    '1-10-2013'; . ‫٤. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﺑﻔﻮاﺗﲑ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select customer_id, invouces_id, invouces_date From invouces,customer Where customer.customer_id = invouces.customer_id; . ‫٥. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻮردﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ و ﻛﺎت اﳌﺼﻨﻌﻪ ﳍﺎ وﺑﻠﺪ اﳌﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ اﻟﺸﺮ‬ Select item_id,company_id,country_id From item,company,country Where (item.company_id = company. company_id) and (company. country_id= country. country_id); . ‫٦. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻮاع اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻮردﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ Select item_type_id From item_type; 26
  • 27.
    . ‫٧. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﺑﺎﳊﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ واﳊﺪ اﻷدﱏ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ‬ Select item_ name,item_max,item_min From item; . (‫٨. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ وﺻﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ اﻷدﱏ )اﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ اﻟﺸﺮاء ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ Select item_ id, item_min From item; . ‫٩. ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﲔ‬ Select item_type_id,item_id From item,item_type Where item. item_type_id = item_type. item_type_id Group by item_type_name; 27
  • 28.
    . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎفاﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ .١٠ Select item_id, From item Where item_type_id ='1'; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎف اﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺰن ﺣﺴﺐ اﳌﺨﺰن اﳌﻮﺟﻮدﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ .١١ Select item_id ,stock_id From item,stock Where (item. stock_id = stock. stock_id) Group by stock_id; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﺪث وأﻗﺪم ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة ﺑﻴﻊ‬ .١٢ SELECT MAX(invoices_date), MIN(invoices_date) FROM invoices; . ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﰲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ 28 .١٣
  • 29.
    ‫‪SELECT emp_id,emp_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM emp‬‬ ‫٤١.‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﺑﺎﳌﻮردﻳﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻛﻪ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪SELECT supplier_id, supplier_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM supplier‬‬ ‫٥١.‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﻣﻊ ﻛﺔ .‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪SELECT customer_id, customer_name‬‬ ‫;‪FROM customer‬‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﺎف ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ أﺧﺮى ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ .‬ ‫92‬
  • 30.
    ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم :‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎتﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﻨﺪﻗﺎوي :‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬ ‫03‬
  • 31.
    ‫٢- اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬ ‫13‬
  • 32.
    ‫٣- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻛﺎتاﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫23‬
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
    ‫٧- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪاﻹدﺧﺎل وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫63‬
  • 37.
  • 38.
    ‫٩- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ أﻧﻮاعاﻷﺻﻨﺎف‬ ‫83‬
  • 39.
  • 40.
    ‫١١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪاﻹﺧﺮاج وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫04‬
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
    ‫٥١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﻮرةاﻟﺒﻴﻊ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺑﺤﻤﺪ اﷲ‬ ‫44‬