Articulo que intenta demostrar en un modelo linear mixto de efectos al azar, que las variables edad, sexo y estado nutricional de un paciente coinfectado VIH/TB influyen en la recuperación del CD4
The Role of Estradiol in Idiopathic Anterior Uveitis during the Eumenorrheic ...CrimsonpublishersMSOR
Women with idiopathic anterior uveitis do not appear to relapse while pregnant. Relapses are reported more frequently and more intensely during premenstrual and menstrual stages. These observations suggest that uveitis may be related to fluctuations of sex steroid hormones.
The Link Between Health Care Expenditure and Life Expectancy: Turkey (1975-2015)inventionjournals
This paper aims to investigate the link between health care expenditure and life expectancy in Turkey, causality and co-integration relationship between health care expenditure (HCE) and life expectancy (LE) in Turkey for the period 1975-2015. In this paper we also used real GDP per capita and some demographic variables such as dependency ratio of the old-aged populations, the number of practicing physicians per hundred thousand persons that may explain the variations in HCE. According to the results of analyze, drperpop, gdp, hce, le65, le70, le75 variables are stable at 1% significance in the first I(1) difference value. The AGE valuable is stable 1% at the level value. There are two long-term cointegration relationships between health spending and life expectant variables. AGE → DGDP, AGE → DLE40, AGE → DLE60, DHCE → DDRPERPOP, DLE80 →DDRPERPOP, DHCE → DGDP and DLE60 → DLE80 shows the direction of granger causality
Articulo que intenta demostrar en un modelo linear mixto de efectos al azar, que las variables edad, sexo y estado nutricional de un paciente coinfectado VIH/TB influyen en la recuperación del CD4
The Role of Estradiol in Idiopathic Anterior Uveitis during the Eumenorrheic ...CrimsonpublishersMSOR
Women with idiopathic anterior uveitis do not appear to relapse while pregnant. Relapses are reported more frequently and more intensely during premenstrual and menstrual stages. These observations suggest that uveitis may be related to fluctuations of sex steroid hormones.
The Link Between Health Care Expenditure and Life Expectancy: Turkey (1975-2015)inventionjournals
This paper aims to investigate the link between health care expenditure and life expectancy in Turkey, causality and co-integration relationship between health care expenditure (HCE) and life expectancy (LE) in Turkey for the period 1975-2015. In this paper we also used real GDP per capita and some demographic variables such as dependency ratio of the old-aged populations, the number of practicing physicians per hundred thousand persons that may explain the variations in HCE. According to the results of analyze, drperpop, gdp, hce, le65, le70, le75 variables are stable at 1% significance in the first I(1) difference value. The AGE valuable is stable 1% at the level value. There are two long-term cointegration relationships between health spending and life expectant variables. AGE → DGDP, AGE → DLE40, AGE → DLE60, DHCE → DDRPERPOP, DLE80 →DDRPERPOP, DHCE → DGDP and DLE60 → DLE80 shows the direction of granger causality
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
This ppt on basic Introduction of General Pathology including the etiology and pathogenesis and their factors .
General Pathology into simple terms for you to understand and use in your exam.
Natural remedies are substances or practices that are derived from nature and used to treat or prevent illnesses. They include herbs, foods, supplements, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, homeopathy, acupuncture, massage, yoga, meditation, and many others. Natural remedies are based on the principle that the body has the ability to heal itself with the help of natural substances or stimuli. Natural remedies are important for supporting body defense and enhancing overall well-being.
Sometimes, the immune system can malfunction and cause various disorders that affect your health and well-being. These disorders can be classified into three main categories: immunodeficiency, hypersensitivities, and auto immunities. In this chapter, we will explore some of the common immune disorders in each category and how to treat them naturally with foods, herbs, supplements, and lifestyle changes. foods and herbs can provide vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and other compounds that can help your body fight off infections and diseases. In this chapter, we will explore some of the most beneficial foods and herbs for immunity and how to incorporate them into your daily meals.
Running head IMMUNIZATION1IMMUNIZATION2IMMUNIZATION.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMMUNIZATION
1
IMMUNIZATION
2
IMMUNIZATION
3
Immunization
Mary Jones
IHP-610-X3562 Health Policy and Law
Southern New Hampshire University
01/29/2017
Immunization
This is the process through which a person is made resistant to a certain disease typically by administering a vaccine. This is done in a controlled way so that the body is not put at the risk of contracting the said disease. The process helps the body’s immune system fight of the disease by providing the body's immune system with the skills for handling a certain attack so that, should the same disease attack the body in the future the body's immune system will have the skills to respond appropriately. Exposing the body immune system to a certain disease during immunization helps the body retain the skills/abilities through immunological memory that it can use in the future (Pickering, 2012).
There are different elements of the immune system involved in this process. This is what the immunization improves as a way to ready them for a possible future attack. They include the T cells, B cells, and the B cell antibodies produced. The memory T and B cells are tasked with the quick recovery in the case of a second attack of the same disease.
Forms of Immunization
Active immunization
This happens when one comes naturally into contact with a microbe; the body then takes measures to protect its self, by producing antibodies and other forms of defense systems against this microbe (Tunkel, 2008). When this microbe attacks in the future the body will be ready with the steps it took within the first time it got attacked to eliminate the microbe even faster than before
Passive Immunization
This is the introduction of pre-synthesized elements into the body; these elements are already capable of dealing with a particular foreign element such that the body does not need to produce anything so as to fight the disease in question. Antibodies are the most widely used for passive immunization. Passive immunization produces fast results as the body receives antibodies and only has to apply them to attack a certain disease. The disadvantage of this, however, is that these results are not long lasting. This is because the antibodies used are quickly broken down by the host's body and since the body didn't get to learn how to make more their advantage end the moment the antibodies are gone.
A good example of passive immunization is the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus during pregnancy. This help protects the fetus from foreign molecules before and shortly after birth. Other examples include harvesting antibodies from animals that were first injected with snake venom to make their bodies produce antibodies that can eliminate the effects of the snake venom, then get these antibodies into the body of a snake bite victim. These transfer of antibodies help the snake bite victim heal from the snake bite but these healing properties end as soon as the body breaks dow ...
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
· Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and ci.docxVannaJoy20
· Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
· You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
· All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
#1
Lisa Wright
St. Thomas University
NUR 417: Aging and End of Life
Yedelis Diaz
November 01, 2022
Pathological Conditions in Older Adults
As one goes through the natural aging process, the body's capacity to defend itself against infections diminishes. The immune system's ability to offer protection is reduced, and the individual becomes susceptible to conditions that affect them more than other age groups (Haynes, 2020). This population also experiences other symptoms impairing other aspects of their lives as time passes. For instance, their skin and bones lose their integrity and become more prone to abrasions and breakage. This assignment module will examine the pathological conditions that affect the sexual response in older adults and how and why nutritional and psychological factors, drugs, and other alternative and complementary medications affect the immune system of the populations.
Pathological Conditions that Affect Sexual Response in Older Adults
Sexuality is an essential aspect of life, irrespective of the age group one is in—the older population and the younger generation alike need to explore sexuality to maintain health and well-being. Exploring sexuality is also a mixture of biological, psychological, social, and religious factors, all of which have plenty to do with aging. Among the pathological conditions that affect sexual response in the elderly include
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
These are the changes experienced in the genitourinary pathway as one age. The individual can feel a burning sensation, dryness, or irritation. This can lead to painful sexual encounters, which can, in turn, reduce their desire to engage and their response.
Dementia
This is a degenerative disorder of the mental faculties, predominantly among the elderly (National Institute on Aging, n.d.). Their judgment diminishes, making them disinterested or utterly unaware of their sexual experiences. Some forms of the condition have been shown to increase sex or closeness, but the individual may fail to recognize what is appropriate and what is not.
Diabetes
As a chronic condition experienced mainly by this population, it can lead to yeast generation, leading to itchiness around the sex organs, making sex unpalatable. The situation can, however, be addressed with medication.
Incontinence
This is a condition where one experiences bladder leakage caused by poor control (National Institute on Aging, n.d.). It is most prevalent among the population an.
Pathological process of disease development process in fishRajive Brahmchari
Pathology in simple is the outcome of three basic
process: 1. Cellular responses to pathogen induced injury 2. Inflammatory response exhibited by the host 3. Pathogenicity mechanisms of the pathogen
introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesiaone .pptxyeshiwasdagnew
introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia in
Национальная политика советской власти: язык как инструмент ассимиляции
Русско-еврейская литература под прессом цензуры: «советский» идиш и «антисоветский» иврит
Расцвет и трагедия еврейского театра
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
This ppt on basic Introduction of General Pathology including the etiology and pathogenesis and their factors .
General Pathology into simple terms for you to understand and use in your exam.
Natural remedies are substances or practices that are derived from nature and used to treat or prevent illnesses. They include herbs, foods, supplements, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, homeopathy, acupuncture, massage, yoga, meditation, and many others. Natural remedies are based on the principle that the body has the ability to heal itself with the help of natural substances or stimuli. Natural remedies are important for supporting body defense and enhancing overall well-being.
Sometimes, the immune system can malfunction and cause various disorders that affect your health and well-being. These disorders can be classified into three main categories: immunodeficiency, hypersensitivities, and auto immunities. In this chapter, we will explore some of the common immune disorders in each category and how to treat them naturally with foods, herbs, supplements, and lifestyle changes. foods and herbs can provide vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and other compounds that can help your body fight off infections and diseases. In this chapter, we will explore some of the most beneficial foods and herbs for immunity and how to incorporate them into your daily meals.
Running head IMMUNIZATION1IMMUNIZATION2IMMUNIZATION.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMMUNIZATION
1
IMMUNIZATION
2
IMMUNIZATION
3
Immunization
Mary Jones
IHP-610-X3562 Health Policy and Law
Southern New Hampshire University
01/29/2017
Immunization
This is the process through which a person is made resistant to a certain disease typically by administering a vaccine. This is done in a controlled way so that the body is not put at the risk of contracting the said disease. The process helps the body’s immune system fight of the disease by providing the body's immune system with the skills for handling a certain attack so that, should the same disease attack the body in the future the body's immune system will have the skills to respond appropriately. Exposing the body immune system to a certain disease during immunization helps the body retain the skills/abilities through immunological memory that it can use in the future (Pickering, 2012).
There are different elements of the immune system involved in this process. This is what the immunization improves as a way to ready them for a possible future attack. They include the T cells, B cells, and the B cell antibodies produced. The memory T and B cells are tasked with the quick recovery in the case of a second attack of the same disease.
Forms of Immunization
Active immunization
This happens when one comes naturally into contact with a microbe; the body then takes measures to protect its self, by producing antibodies and other forms of defense systems against this microbe (Tunkel, 2008). When this microbe attacks in the future the body will be ready with the steps it took within the first time it got attacked to eliminate the microbe even faster than before
Passive Immunization
This is the introduction of pre-synthesized elements into the body; these elements are already capable of dealing with a particular foreign element such that the body does not need to produce anything so as to fight the disease in question. Antibodies are the most widely used for passive immunization. Passive immunization produces fast results as the body receives antibodies and only has to apply them to attack a certain disease. The disadvantage of this, however, is that these results are not long lasting. This is because the antibodies used are quickly broken down by the host's body and since the body didn't get to learn how to make more their advantage end the moment the antibodies are gone.
A good example of passive immunization is the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus during pregnancy. This help protects the fetus from foreign molecules before and shortly after birth. Other examples include harvesting antibodies from animals that were first injected with snake venom to make their bodies produce antibodies that can eliminate the effects of the snake venom, then get these antibodies into the body of a snake bite victim. These transfer of antibodies help the snake bite victim heal from the snake bite but these healing properties end as soon as the body breaks dow ...
We know that mesothelioma patients would rather stay local when receiving treatment,rnso we will review options for private medical centers, surgical consultants, clinical trials,rnand match you up with friendly, local physicians wherever we can.
· Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and ci.docxVannaJoy20
· Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
· You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
· All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
#1
Lisa Wright
St. Thomas University
NUR 417: Aging and End of Life
Yedelis Diaz
November 01, 2022
Pathological Conditions in Older Adults
As one goes through the natural aging process, the body's capacity to defend itself against infections diminishes. The immune system's ability to offer protection is reduced, and the individual becomes susceptible to conditions that affect them more than other age groups (Haynes, 2020). This population also experiences other symptoms impairing other aspects of their lives as time passes. For instance, their skin and bones lose their integrity and become more prone to abrasions and breakage. This assignment module will examine the pathological conditions that affect the sexual response in older adults and how and why nutritional and psychological factors, drugs, and other alternative and complementary medications affect the immune system of the populations.
Pathological Conditions that Affect Sexual Response in Older Adults
Sexuality is an essential aspect of life, irrespective of the age group one is in—the older population and the younger generation alike need to explore sexuality to maintain health and well-being. Exploring sexuality is also a mixture of biological, psychological, social, and religious factors, all of which have plenty to do with aging. Among the pathological conditions that affect sexual response in the elderly include
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
These are the changes experienced in the genitourinary pathway as one age. The individual can feel a burning sensation, dryness, or irritation. This can lead to painful sexual encounters, which can, in turn, reduce their desire to engage and their response.
Dementia
This is a degenerative disorder of the mental faculties, predominantly among the elderly (National Institute on Aging, n.d.). Their judgment diminishes, making them disinterested or utterly unaware of their sexual experiences. Some forms of the condition have been shown to increase sex or closeness, but the individual may fail to recognize what is appropriate and what is not.
Diabetes
As a chronic condition experienced mainly by this population, it can lead to yeast generation, leading to itchiness around the sex organs, making sex unpalatable. The situation can, however, be addressed with medication.
Incontinence
This is a condition where one experiences bladder leakage caused by poor control (National Institute on Aging, n.d.). It is most prevalent among the population an.
Pathological process of disease development process in fishRajive Brahmchari
Pathology in simple is the outcome of three basic
process: 1. Cellular responses to pathogen induced injury 2. Inflammatory response exhibited by the host 3. Pathogenicity mechanisms of the pathogen
introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesiaone .pptxyeshiwasdagnew
introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia introduction to anesthesia in
Национальная политика советской власти: язык как инструмент ассимиляции
Русско-еврейская литература под прессом цензуры: «советский» идиш и «антисоветский» иврит
Расцвет и трагедия еврейского театра
Подземная биосфера – огромный, неизвестный и удивительный мирДом ученых Тель-Авива
Изучение глубинной биосферы проясняет многие аспекты происхождения жизни на Земле, а также позволяет понять происхождение и оценить запасы углеводородов в нефтяных месторождениях.
Тайна окультуривания пшеницы: как и почему Ближний Восток стал мировым центро...Дом ученых Тель-Авива
Цивилизации доколумбовой Америки обладали одним культурным злаком – кукурузой, цивилизации Востока базировались на выращивании риса. Почему Природа так нечестно «раздала колоду ресурсных карт», что у индоевропейцев оказался не один, а пять злаков: ячмень, рожь, овес и два предка пшеницы? Современные данные палеонтологии, биогеографии, этологии и генетики позволяют комплексно подойти к этой загадке и, – как представляется автору – ее разгадать.
Лев Эппельбаум. Археологическая геофизика и сейсмология в ИзраилеДом ученых Тель-Авива
*Геофизика в археологии: методы, технологии и результаты исследований
*Израиль – уникальный объект археологических и, геофизических исследований
*Сейсмическое прошлое, настоящее и будущее Израиля
*Возрастные изменения структуры и функциональных возможностей мозга
*Нейродегенеративные заболевания: риски, симптомы, профилактика
*Лечение болезней Альцгеймера и Паркинсона: достижения израильской медицины
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
8. The immune system distinguishes self from nonself
and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules
and cells from the body.
The immune system also has the capacity to
recognize and destroy abnormal cells that derive
from host tissues.
Any molecule capable of being recognized by the
immune system is considered an antigen (Ag).
9. There are 2 types of immune response:
1. Innate
2. Acquired
Acquired immunity requires prior exposure to an antigen to
be fully effective
The system remembers past exposures and is antigen-
specific.
10. Is being composed of two arms:
Humoral immunity: Derived from B-cell responses (B
cells develop into plasma cells, which secrete soluble
antigen-specific antibody)
Cell-mediated immunity: Derived from certain T-cell
responses
B cells and T cells work together to destroy invaders.
Acquired - immunity
11. The Memory B cells are found in Bone Marrow, the
Spleen, Lymph nodes, Gingiva, Mucosal ephithelium
of tonsils, Gastro intestinal tract, Circulation
The majority of T – cells in the human body are found
within the Lymphoid tissues (bone marrow, spleen,
tonsils, and lymph nodes), Lungs , Small and Large
Intestine and skin
12.
13. A type of immune cells that can kill certain cells,
Including Foreign cells, Cancer cell, and Cells infected
with virus.
Killer T-Cells can be separated from other blood cells,
grown in the laboratory, and than given to patient to
kill cancer cells.
Killer T - Cells
16. While the impact of aging on both innate and
adaptive immunity has been well documented, the
mechanistic causes are not well understood.
The age-related changes in immune function are most
likely due to a combination of intrinsic cell aging and
the impact of the senescent/aging environment on
proliferation and differentiation in response to
antigenic stimulation.
17. As people age, the immune system becomes less
effective in the following ways:
The immune system becomes less able to distinguish
self from nonself (that is, to identify foreign
antigens).
As a result, autoimmune disorders become more
common
18. Macrophages (which ingest bacteria and other
foreign cells) destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other
antigens, more slowly.
This slowdown may be one reason that cancer is
more common among older people.
19. T cells (which remember antigens they have
previously encountered) respond less quickly to the
antigens
There are fewer white blood cells capable of
responding to new antigens.
Thus, when older people expose to a new antigen,
the body is less able to remember and defend against
it.
20. Although the amount of antibody produced in
response to an antigen remains about the same
overall, the antibodies become less able to attach to
the antigen.
This change may partly explain why
pneumonia, influenza, infective endocarditis,
and tetanus are more common among older people
and result in death more often.
21. These changes may also partly explain why vaccines
are less effective in older people and thus why it is
important for older people to get booster shots
(which are available for some vaccines)
These changes in immune function may contribute to
the greater susceptibility of older people to some
infections and cancers
22.
23. How Age Related Changes in
Immune System
Impact Infection and Vaccination in
the Elderly Population
24. Because of the above mentioned age-related changes
in innate and adaptive immune function, older adults
exhibit increased susceptibility to infections such as
influenza, COVID-19, and bacterial pneumonia
Influenza is responsible for up to 500,000 deaths per
year worldwide, with two-thirds of these occurring in
adults over 65 years of age (Paget et al., 2019).
25. Older adults are also more susceptible to COVID-19
and its complications (Nanda et al., 2020)
In the U.S., 80% of COVID-19 deaths occur in people
>65 years of age, and mortality rates for those >80
years of age can be as high as 50% (Powell et al.,
2020).
26. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia in adults in the
U.S. >65 years of age is more than 4 times higher than
that found in adults aged less than 65 years
Not only are older adults more susceptible to these
infections, but they are also more susceptible to
complications during these infections, in part
because of the many co-morbidities associated with
increasing age (Keilich et al., 2019).
27. Weakened antimicrobial immunity
Susceptibility to respiratory infections
Reactivation of chronic viral infections (e.g., Herpes -
Zoster)
Impaired antivaccine responses
Insufficient protection against malignancies
And in Summary
30. Vaccinations are strongly recommended for older
adults to protect them from both influenza and
bacterial pneumonia
but because of age related changes in immune
function, vaccine effectiveness decline with age
(Ciabattini et al., 2018).
31. Several approaches are already in use or are undergoing
testing:
First, vaccines specifically formulated for older adults
are now available and have been shown to provide
greater protection from viral infections such as
influenza
These vaccines have higher concentrations of antigen
or are formulated with adjuvants to boost aging
immune responses (McElhaney et al., 2020).
32. Second, approaches that alter metabolism such as
treatment with metformin (Barzilai et al., 2016)
or mTOR inhibitors (Mannick et al., 2018) could help
improve immunity and resistance to infectious
diseases in older adults
33. • Metformin also retards aging in model
organisms and reduces the incidence of aging-
related diseases such as neurodegenerative disease
and cancer in humans
• In spite of its widespread use, the mechanisms by
which metformin exerts favorable effects on aging
remain largely unknown
34. TOR or the Target of Rapamycin - the purpose of the
drug Rapamycin (is an enzyme, a protein), which on
the one hand regulates metabolism, metabolism,
mitosis, division, and increased biological cell volume
Inhibition of this enzyme, by the drug Rapamycin and
its derivatives, slows the appearance of some of the
symptoms of cell aging in middle age, and prolongs
the maximum lifespan.
35. Last, senolytics, which are a novel class of drugs that
target the destruction of senescent cells, have been
shown to alleviate age-related diseases in animal
models and could possibly also improve aged immune
function (Xu et al., 2018)
36. For now, there are no scientifically proven direct links
between lifestyle and enhanced immune function
But that doesn't mean the effects of lifestyle on the
immune system aren't intriguing and shouldn't be
studied
37. Researchers are exploring the effects of diet,
exercise, age, psychological stress, and other factors
on the immune response, both in animals and in
humans.
In the meantime, general healthy-living strategies
make sense since they likely help immune function
and they come with other proven health benefits
39. Following general good-health guidelines is the single
best step you can take toward naturally keeping your
immune system working properly
Every part of your body, including your immune
system, functions better when protected from
environmental assaults
40. Don't smoke.
Eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
Exercise regularly.
Maintain a healthy weight.
If you drink alcohol, drink only in moderation.
41. Get adequate sleep.
Take steps to avoid infection, such as washing your
hands frequently and cooking meats thoroughly.
Try to minimize stress.
Keep current with all recommended vaccines.
Vaccines prime your immune system to fight off
infections before they take hold in your body.
42. Thank you for listening
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