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對粗俗話佮親屬稱謂
看台語的家族觀
林佳怡
語言與認知期末報告
前言
• 語言建構認知,認知形塑語言
• 本文要探討台語的粗俗語與台語語族的價值觀,
特別是家族觀和性別觀,之間的關聯
• 「姦恁娘」及其相關的詈語,之所以會成為台語
中最具攻擊力的咒罵語,筆者認為與台語的家族
觀有關係,本文也將透過台語的親屬稱謂、台灣
的嫁娶習俗來檢視其間的關聯
一、粗俗話的種類
• 1.咒罵人用的詈語
▫ 性交或性暴力:姦恁娘(膣屄) 、駛恁娘
▫ 性器官:(臭)膣屄、𡳞蔓、(虎)𡳞、𡳞神、(漚)𡳞鳥
▫ 死亡:哭爸、路旁屍、夭壽、膨肚短命、孤𣮈絕種、
死無人哭
• 2.表示情緒的粗俗話:
▫ (臭)膣屄、𡳞蔓、 (虎)𡳞、𡳞神、 (漚)𡳞鳥
• 3.牽涉性比喻的一般用語:
▫ 嘐潲、𪁎趒、扶𡳞脬
• (1)性交或性暴力:對女性,主要是對方的母親,
施予以言語性暴力,是最為惡毒的咒罵
• (2)性器官:女性性器官為較為廣泛和程度上較嚴
重的咒罵,只會使用在女性身上,男性性器官則
除了程度上較輕微之外,多有某種特定語意,非
單純的情緒性咒罵
• (3)死亡:死亡本身不是重點,而是父親的死亡、
夭折與無子嗣
• 相較與以𡳞罵人、指涉他人,潲多用來表達個人
情緒。不會使用女性相關的詞彙來表達情緒,暗
示了女性不被允許擁有情緒表達的權力
二、台灣的嫁娶禮俗與親屬稱謂
• 嫁娶儀式展現的家庭重組:
▫ 基本概念是嫁,把這這一家的女兒變成另一家的媳
婦,變成另一家的人,不是原生家庭的一員。
▫ 聘金與嫁妝,金錢的較量與女性的未來可能的遭遇
• 稱謂展現的從屬性
▫ 阿伯 阿姆 阿叔 阿嬸
▫ 阿姑/姑丈 阿姨/姨丈 阿舅 阿妗
▫ 妻子需跟著丈夫叫,降一輩
三、台灣人的家族觀與性別概念
• 血緣的正統與輩分:從這些罵人的粗俗語,可以
看出台灣人對於血緣及血緣正統的重視,正因為
血緣是重要的,因此「姦恁娘」系列的詈語,背
後暗示了雜種,以及貶抑對方的輩分
• 血緣佮財產分配:而血緣之所以如此重要,背後
的因素是財產的分配,長子、長孫、男性子嗣為
財產分配的重點,這種嫡系結構的堅固,催生了
貶抑及破壞此結構的罵人邏輯
• 內外之分:同樣的概念也可以從親屬稱謂看出端
倪。內孫與外孫、同姓與異姓,也是財產分配的
邏輯。其中,姑的角色就相當特別, 所謂「姑疼
孫是仝姓」,但出嫁後又是外人
• 性別概念:女性的價值在於生養男性子嗣,其價
值依附在兒子上,進一步導致女性地位低落、無
自主意識與情緒表達的權力(女性無我)
• 語言與家族認知的互相加強:這些概念透過語言
流傳,語言流傳又加深了這些概念,並幫助傳播
四、改變語言是否可能改變觀念
• 德國為消彌性別不平等,竟推動鼓勵民眾在語言
中使用中性的性別標記,以鬆動德語中詞彙與性
別標記的連結,從語言結構改變人的認知
• 台語可能的做法:
▫ 抹去語言並不恰當,但可以加強語言性別教育
▫ 如果粗俗語不可避免,則可以反過來創造具有性別
對應性的粗俗語,例如范雲的「姦恁爸」
▫ 在此之前必須先為女性說髒話去汙名化,給女性言
說粗俗語的空間和自由

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對粗俗話佮親屬稱謂 看台語的家族觀