This document provides information on various treatment methods for prostate cancer, including androgen deprivation therapy and anti-androgen drugs. It explains that androgen deprivation therapy works by blocking the production of testosterone from the testes. It lists common anti-cancer drugs used for prostate cancer like bicalutamide and describes common side effects of anti-cancer drugs like decreased white blood cell count. The document also provides survival rates for metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with initial androgen deprivation therapy.
The President’s Speech in Cairo: A New Beginning - UrduObama White House
President Obama’s speech in Cairo on America’s relationship with Muslim communities around the world. June 4th, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/newbeginning/
The President’s Speech in Cairo: A New Beginning - UrduObama White House
President Obama’s speech in Cairo on America’s relationship with Muslim communities around the world. June 4th, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/newbeginning/
文献紹介:Semantic-based information retrieval in support of concept design.Shin Sano
A new method of image retrieval using semantic technology to best support concept designers to obtain design inspirations.
Keywords: Concept design, Creativity, Inspiration, Image retrieval, Semantic technology, Semantics
コンセプト・デザイナーがデザインを発想する際に使う言葉と視覚イメージを検索する
各種方法を検討し、セマンティック検索を可能にするデザイナー向けオントロジーを含むシステムを提案、効果を評価。EU産学連携コンソーシアム
Describes about Eco Style, the first IT system in the world to help decrease the amount of Co2 comming out from a company. Built by Beat Communication.
這是2009/03/28 受邀在台北大安扶輪青年服務團分享的英國旅遊與生活點滴。
有興趣的可至以下連結下載：
http://www.fileqube.com/wf/183805/1399747
相關文章：http://blog.roodo.com/vincent_y_t_lu
This slide is used to present my personal perspective on the culture and beauty of the United Kingdom. It has been used once in a regular meeting of Rotaract Club of Taipei TA-AN on 28 March 2009.
For those interested, the complete file can be download here: http://www.fileqube.com/wf/183805/1399747
Relevant article can be found on my blog: http://blog.roodo.com/vincent_y_t_lu
p.s. 因為在slideshare網站上下載後的檔案無法變成單一的powerpoint檔。而且直接在這邊瀏覽許多投影片中的照片也只能看到疊在最上面的那一張，會錯失很多精彩的相片，所以我把完整檔移到fileQube上，這邊並不提供下載。
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
5. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer
initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy: a retrospective multicenter study in Japan
Narita S et al., Int J Clin Oncol. 25(5):912-920., 2020
転移がんと判定された後、通常のホルモン療法を行って患者の経過
Median CRPC-free survival was 21.9 months and median OS was 5.37 years. 2- and 5-year CRPC-free survival
was 48.7% and 30.9%, whereas 2- and 5-year OS was 79.9% and 52.6%, respectively.
CRPC前
8. Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
「ドセタキセル＋ADT」と「ADT単独」の比較 N Engl J Med. 373(8):737-46., 2015
High:17.0ヶ月 Low:特定出来ず
High-volume disease was defined in the CHAARTED study as the presence of visceral
metastases or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 beyond the vertebral bodies and pelvis.
9. Enzalutamide with Standard First-LineTherapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
N Engl J Med 381:121-31., 2019
エンザルタミド治療の効果
転移がんに第一選択肢として投与
テストステロン遮断を事前に～１２ヶ
月受けた患者を対象としている。
CRPC前
The Kaplan–Meier estimates of
overall survival at 3 years were
80% (based on 94 events) in the
enzalutamide group and 72%
(based on 130 events) in the
standard care group.
10. Enzalutamide in Men with Chemotherapy-naıve Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate
Cancer: Extended Analysis of the Phase 3 PREVAIL Study
Eur Urol. 71(2):151-154., 2017
CRPC
抗がん剤治療前
エンザルタミド: 全生存率(中央値) 35.3 ヶ月
(95% CI 32.2–not yet reached)
プラセボ:全生存率(中央値) 31.3 ヶ月
(95% CI 28.8–34.2)
延命効果4.０ヶ月
11. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk
metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (LATITUDE): final overall survival
analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Lancet Oncol. 20(5):686-700., 2019
アビラテロンの効果
転移がん 非去勢抵抗
性がんに投与
アビラテロン＋プレドニ
ゾン+ADT
中央値53·3 ヶ月 [95% CI
48·2–not reached])
Placebo+ADT
中央値36·5 ヶ月 [33·5–
40·0]),
ハザード比 0·66 (95% CI
0·56−0·78; p<0·0001).
CRPC前
延命効果16.8ヶ月
12. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in
chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
(COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-
blind,placebo-controlled phase 3 study
Lancet Oncol. 16(2):152-60., 2015
アビラテロンの効果
化学療法前の去勢抵抗
性がんに投与
アビラテロン
中央値34·7 ヶ月 [95% CI
32·7–36·8]
プラセボ
中央値30·3 ヶ月 [28·7–
33·3]; hazard ratio 0·81
[95% CI 0·70–0·93];
p=0·0033)
延命効果4.4ヶ月
CRPC 転移
抗がん剤治療前
13. Abiraterone Alone or in Combination With Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Rising
Prostate-Specific Antigen During Enzalutamide Treatment
J Clin Oncol. 36(25):2639-2646., 2018
Baseline patient characteristics for period one are listed in the Data Supplement; 370 (73%) of 509 patients had received a first-generation antiandrogen, 151
(30%)were receiving a stable dose of bisphosphonates or denosumab,and 421 (83%) had bone metastases on bone scan.
Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months in the combination group (Abiraterone+Enzalutamide)
and 5.6 months in the control group (Abiraterone Alone) (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.12; P = .22).
CRPC
抗がん剤治療前
14. Increased Survival with Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer after
Chemotherapy 化学療法(ドセタキセル)後のがんに対して
N Engl J Med 367:1187-97. , 2012
エンザルタミド治療の効
果
化学療後の去勢抵抗性
がんに投与
エンザルタミド
中央値18.4ヶ月
95% confidence interval
[CI], 17.3 to not yet
reached
プラセボ
中央値13.6 ヶ月 95% CI,
11.3 to 15.8
hazard ratio for death in
the enzalutamide group,
0.63;
95% CI, 0.53 to 0.75;
P<0.001
抗がん剤治療後
延命効果4.8ヶ月
15. Abiraterone and Increased Survival in Metastatic Prostate
Cancer 化学療法(ドセタキセル)後のがんに対して アビラテロンの効果
化学療後の去勢抵抗性
がんに投与
アビラテロン
中央値14.8 ヶ月
プラセボ
中央値 10.9 ヶ月
hazard ratio, 0.65; 95%
confidence interval, 0.54
to 0.77; P<0.001
N Engl J Med 364:1995-2005., 2011
抗がん剤治療後
延命効果3.9ヶ月
16. Apalutamide for Metastatic, Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
N Engl J Med 2019;381:13-24.
CRPC前
一部抗がん剤治療後
「アパルタミド＋ADT」 「プラセボADT」
17. Comparison of Current Systemic Combination Therapies for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive
Prostate Cancer and Selection of Candidates for Optimal Treatment: A Systematic Review
and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Front. Oncol. 10:519388. 2020
Doc, docetaxel; Abi, abiraterone; Enza, enzalutamide; Apa, apalutamide; Bis, bisphosphonate;
Cel, celecoxib; ZA, zoledronic acid; ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy
22. Economic Outcomes in Patients with Chemotherapy-Naïve Metastatic Castration-Resistant
Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone
Enzalutamide: A Review of Its Use in Chemotherapy-Naïve Metastatic Castration-Resistant
Prostate Cancer
Drugs Aging. 32(3):243-9., 2015
Conclusion
In conclusion, enzalutamide is a convenient, effective and well tolerated treatment for
chemotherapy-naıve men with metastatic CRPC who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic.
Advances in Therapy 37,2083–2097(2020)
