עומר נגד עומאר תגרת ההאקטיביזם והרשת החברתית של זירת ההאקרים הדיגיטלית מצגת
•
2 likes•757 views
מציג: ד"ר נמרוד קוזלובסקי, עו"ד nimrod@internetlaws.co.il הרצאה מעולה בנושא "לוחמת סייבר" ביום העיון "רשתות חברתיות 2012" במסגרת הכנס הבינלאומי למידע 2012 אשר התקיים במלון הילטון בתל-אביב בתאריך 14.5.2012.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Technology In HIT
This document discusses technology used for professional presentations. It outlines advantages of PowerPoint presentations such as being easily updated and accessed. Internet research allows for easy access to current information and sharing information through search engines, email, blogs, and YouTube videos. Downsides of computer technology include data corruption, privacy/security issues, power outages, and component failures. Websites such as HIPAA.org provide resources on legal compliance.
Bluetooth Attacks.docx
Bluetooth was developed in the 1990s by Ericsson as a wireless standard for connecting devices over short distances. While initially limited in range, Bluetooth has evolved to support a wide variety of uses from wireless audio to file sharing. However, this widespread adoption also makes Bluetooth a target for hackers. Common Bluetooth attacks include bluejacking to send spam messages, bluesmacking for denial-of-service attacks, and bluesnarfing to steal private data from paired devices. Users can help protect themselves by turning off Bluetooth when not in use, avoiding transferring sensitive data over Bluetooth, and keeping track of their devices in public spaces.
Empower Technology
This document provides tips for improving online security and privacy such as creating complex passwords, using a firewall, being selective about what information is shared online, protecting mobile devices, shopping and surfing safely, keeping all software up to date, watching out for scams, and maintaining vigilance about security.
Cyber Warfare -
The document discusses the history and current state of cyber warfare between several nations including Israel/Palestine, India/Pakistan, the US/Al Qaeda, Cuba/US, and China/US. It outlines the key hackers and groups involved on both sides of these conflicts, their main targets and strategies. It also examines how cyber warfare has influenced military operations and foreign policy, and considers its importance relative to traditional warfare.
Cyber security presentation
Cyber security involves protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorized access and cyber attacks. It includes communication security, network security and information security to safeguard organizational assets. Cyber crimes are illegal activities that use digital technologies and networks, and include hacking, data and system interference, fraud, and illegal device usage. Some early forms of cyber crime date back to the 1970s. Maintaining antivirus software, firewalls, backups and strong passwords can help protect against cyber threats while being mindful of privacy and security settings online. The document provides an overview of cyber security, cyber crimes, their history and basic safety recommendations.
Cyber and influence
Presentation on the extent to what operations in cyberspace potentially influence people's perception, attitude, or behaviour.
DNS Cybersecurity in 2012-2015
The new challenges to be faced by Registries and Registrars. How to profit from cyber security, business opportunities for domain Registrars?
Presentation from Novi Sad, Serbia, September 14, 2011
Honeypots in Cyberwar
Honeypots and honeynets are used to study cyber attacks. A honeypot is a computer system set up to attract cyber attacks so threats can be observed and analyzed. A honeynet contains multiple honeypots and allows attacks on an entire network to be monitored. Deploying honeypots provides benefits like risk mitigation, intrusion detection, and research opportunities to study attacker techniques. However, honeypots also have downsides like limited visibility and potential additional security risks if compromised.
Recommended
Technology In HIT
This document discusses technology used for professional presentations. It outlines advantages of PowerPoint presentations such as being easily updated and accessed. Internet research allows for easy access to current information and sharing information through search engines, email, blogs, and YouTube videos. Downsides of computer technology include data corruption, privacy/security issues, power outages, and component failures. Websites such as HIPAA.org provide resources on legal compliance.
Bluetooth Attacks.docx
Bluetooth was developed in the 1990s by Ericsson as a wireless standard for connecting devices over short distances. While initially limited in range, Bluetooth has evolved to support a wide variety of uses from wireless audio to file sharing. However, this widespread adoption also makes Bluetooth a target for hackers. Common Bluetooth attacks include bluejacking to send spam messages, bluesmacking for denial-of-service attacks, and bluesnarfing to steal private data from paired devices. Users can help protect themselves by turning off Bluetooth when not in use, avoiding transferring sensitive data over Bluetooth, and keeping track of their devices in public spaces.
Empower Technology
This document provides tips for improving online security and privacy such as creating complex passwords, using a firewall, being selective about what information is shared online, protecting mobile devices, shopping and surfing safely, keeping all software up to date, watching out for scams, and maintaining vigilance about security.
Cyber Warfare -
The document discusses the history and current state of cyber warfare between several nations including Israel/Palestine, India/Pakistan, the US/Al Qaeda, Cuba/US, and China/US. It outlines the key hackers and groups involved on both sides of these conflicts, their main targets and strategies. It also examines how cyber warfare has influenced military operations and foreign policy, and considers its importance relative to traditional warfare.
Cyber security presentation
Cyber security involves protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorized access and cyber attacks. It includes communication security, network security and information security to safeguard organizational assets. Cyber crimes are illegal activities that use digital technologies and networks, and include hacking, data and system interference, fraud, and illegal device usage. Some early forms of cyber crime date back to the 1970s. Maintaining antivirus software, firewalls, backups and strong passwords can help protect against cyber threats while being mindful of privacy and security settings online. The document provides an overview of cyber security, cyber crimes, their history and basic safety recommendations.
Cyber and influence
Presentation on the extent to what operations in cyberspace potentially influence people's perception, attitude, or behaviour.
DNS Cybersecurity in 2012-2015
The new challenges to be faced by Registries and Registrars. How to profit from cyber security, business opportunities for domain Registrars?
Presentation from Novi Sad, Serbia, September 14, 2011
Honeypots in Cyberwar
Honeypots and honeynets are used to study cyber attacks. A honeypot is a computer system set up to attract cyber attacks so threats can be observed and analyzed. A honeynet contains multiple honeypots and allows attacks on an entire network to be monitored. Deploying honeypots provides benefits like risk mitigation, intrusion detection, and research opportunities to study attacker techniques. However, honeypots also have downsides like limited visibility and potential additional security risks if compromised.
Cyber Influence Operations
Cyber Influence OperationsPapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
The document discusses cyber influence operations (ICOs), which are defined as operations that affect the logical layer of cyberspace with the intention of influencing attitudes, behaviors, or decisions of target audiences. It provides definitions of related terms like information operations, information warfare, and cyber attacks. Examples are given of different types of ICOs, such as unauthorized access, false flag cyberattacks, DDoS attacks, website defacements and doxing. Specific incidents like the attacks on Estonia, NATO, and doxing of Victoria Nuland are analyzed in terms of their goals of undermining credibility and spreading disinformation. The challenges of attributing ICOs and their generally limited impact are also noted.Francesca Bosco, Cybercrimes - Bicocca 31.03.2011
This document summarizes a presentation on cybercrime. It defines cybercrime and discusses the underground economy where cybercriminals buy and sell stolen data and hacking tools. It provides statistics on the top countries and sectors targeted by cyberattacks. Examples of cybercriminal business models are given, showing how they mimic legitimate business models. The types of stolen data for sale in cybercrime forums are listed, along with their typical price ranges.
Cyber(in)security: systemic risks and responses
Presented at National Security 2008 in Brussels. Updated for British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank, Oxford University, and University of Southern Denmark.
Systemic cybersecurity risk
Presentation to OECD project group on Global Risk. Expanded version presented to British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank and University of Southern Denmark.
CYBER CRIME( DU PRESENTATION FOR FYUP)
This document discusses cyber crime and its history, definition, categories, and perpetrators. It begins with an introduction about the growth of the internet in India and the rise of cyber crime. It then covers the history of the first recorded cyber crime in 1820 involving sabotage of a new textile loom. The document defines cyber crime and outlines its main categories. It also examines the role of computers as tools, targets, and appliances for crime and profiles common cyber criminals. Specific cyber crimes like phishing, denial of service attacks, and logic bombs are explored. The document concludes with prevention tips and a call for India to strengthen its cyber crime laws and security standards.
Iaetsd cyber crimeand
This document discusses cyber crime and computer security. It defines cyber crime as criminal activity involving computer technology, including illegal access, data interference, and systems interference. Specific computer crimes discussed include malware, spam, phishing, fraud, obscene content, harassment, drug trafficking, and cyberterrorism. The document also covers approaches to computer security such as hardware mechanisms, secure operating systems, and preventing common software vulnerabilities.
Cyber War
Cyber WarPapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
Cyber warfare is an emerging reality that involves attacks in cyberspace to disrupt digital systems and infrastructure. Nation states and other groups now use cyber attacks for purposes like espionage, sabotage, and warfare. The document discusses the history and evolution of cyber warfare, from early hacker attacks to modern incidents like Stuxnet. It outlines the threats in cyberspace, from individual hackers to nation states. Various cyber weapons, tactics, and operations are also described. While increased cyber security could help, deterrence and international agreements may be needed to reduce cyber conflicts between nations in the future.Advanced Persistent Threats (Shining the Light on the Industries' Best Kept S...
The document provides an agenda for a talk on advanced persistent threats (APTs). It introduces APTs and discusses how they have evolved over time from targeting military and intelligence to also targeting private companies. It notes APTs can be opportunistic attacks that utilize social engineering and technical vulnerabilities. The document contrasts APTs with more sophisticated threats known as subversive multi-vector threats that are willing to exploit people, processes, and technologies to achieve their goals. It provides examples of analyzing suspicious foreign network traffic and discusses challenges with identifying and addressing multi-vector threats.
Cybercrime
This document discusses cyber crime in India. It begins with an introduction on the growth of the internet in India and the rise of cyber crime. It then provides a brief history of the first recorded cyber crime in 1820. The document defines cyber crime and outlines various categories of cyber crimes. It also examines the role of computers as tools, targets, and appliances for criminal activities. Common cyber criminals like hackers, criminal groups, and terrorists are identified. Popular cyber crimes such as phishing, denial of service attacks, and virus/worm attacks are explained. The document concludes with recommendations for prevention, including using strong passwords, securing devices and networks, and protecting online identities.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
beware of Thing Bot
The document discusses the security risks posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT). As more everyday devices become connected to the internet, they could be vulnerable to attacks that turn them into "thingbots" that are part of botnets controlled by hackers. This could allow hackers to launch large-scale distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks or spy on users by accessing unsecured cameras and other smart home devices. Researchers have already discovered botnets made up of thousands of compromised IoT devices like routers, smart TVs and refrigerators. To address this, the document recommends steps like using secure chips and honeypots to detect malicious activity from IoT devices and help secure the growing IoT ecosystem.
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...Cybersecurity Education and Research Centre
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) in India. It provides examples of past cyber attacks on critical information infrastructures around the world, such as Stuxnet and Flame malware. It also outlines international efforts to protect critical infrastructure and discusses India's initiatives to enhance information security and protect critical government organizations from cyber attacks.An overview of cyberimes
Presentation made by Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, in training programme at Biju Pattanaik, state Police Academy Bhubaneswar, to train DSPs organised by Crminal Investigation department govt. of India
Cyber security assocham
The document discusses cyber threat scenarios and principles for cyber defense models. It outlines various past cyber attacks on different countries involving hacking, distributed denial of service attacks, and data/infrastructure manipulation. It also shows diagrams mapping the interconnectivity and complexity of modern critical infrastructure networks. The presentation argues that traditional passive cyber protections are no longer sufficient and proposes a new integrated, proactive defense model involving information sharing between public and private sectors, coordinated incident response, and development of tailored security technologies. It concludes by listing contact information for the cybersecurity firm Altal Security and their representatives.
Cyber space & critical information infrastructure
The document presents information on cyber space and critical information infrastructure. It defines cyberspace as the virtual environment where computer network communication occurs. It then discusses several cyber threats like hacktivism, cybercrime, cyber spying, cyber war, and cyber terrorism. Cybercrime for example refers to any crime involving a computer network, like hacking or credit card fraud. Critical information infrastructure is defined as any essential system like utilities or governance whose disruption would significantly impact national security, the economy, or social well-being. The document notes critical infrastructure is highly complex, distributed, and interconnected, making it vulnerable to fast, widespread damage from cyber attacks.
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat EnvironmentFIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar .docx
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment
FIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar and Cyberterror (Study Figure)
Nightmare Threats
Potential for far greater attacks than those caused by criminal attackers
Cyberwar
Computer-based attacks by national governments
Espionage
Cyber-only attacks to damage financial and communication infrastructure
To augment conventional physical attacks
Attack IT infrastructure along with physical attacks (or in place of physical attacks)
Paralyze enemy command and control
Engage in propaganda attacks
Cyberterror
Attacks by terrorists or terrorist groups
May attack IT resources directly
Use the Internet for recruitment and coordination
Use the Internet to augment physical attacks
Disrupt communication among first responders
Use cyberattacks to increase terror in physical attacks
Turn to computer crime to fund their attacks
espionage.87 Cyber espionage from China has been a serious problem since 1999.88
The Chinese government has been involved in, or sponsored, attacks aimed at the State
Department, Commerce Department, Senators, Congressmen, and US military labs.89
Cyberwar attacks can be launched without engaging in physical hostilities and still do
tremendous damage. Countries can use cyberwar attacks to do massive damage to one
another’s financial infrastructures, to disrupt one another’s communication infrastructures,
and to damage the country’s IT infrastructure all as precursors to actual physical hostilities.
Cyberterror
Another nightmare scenario is cyberterror, in which the attacker is a terrorist or group of
terrorists.90 Of course, cyberterrorists can attack information technology resources directly.
They can damage a country’s financial, communication, and utilities infrastructure.91
87 Dawn S. Onley and Patience Wait, “Red Storm Rising,” GCN.com, August 21, 2006. Keith Epstein, “China
Stealing U.S. Computer Data, Says Commission,” Business Week, November 21, 2008. http://www.businessweek.
com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/nov2008/db20081121_440892.htm.
88 Daniel Verton and L. Scott Tillett, “DOD Confirms Cyberattack ‘Something New’,” Cnn.com, March 6, 1999.
89 Josh Rogin, “The Top 10 Chinese Cyber Attacks (that we know of),” ForeignPolicy.com, January 22, 2010.
90 Although organized terrorist groups are very serious threats, a related group of attackers is somewhat dan-
gerous. These are hacktivists, who attack based on political beliefs. During tense periods between the United
States and China, for instance, hacktivists on both sides have attacked the IT resources of the other country.
91 In 2008, the CIA revealed that attacks over the Internet had cut off electrical power in several cities. Robert
McMillan, PC World, January 19, 2008. http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,141564/article.htm?tk=nl_dnxnws.
Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment 55
Most commonly, cyberterrorists use the Internet as a recruitment tool through
websites and to coordinate their activities.92 They can also use cyberterror in conjunc-
tion with .
Cyber Crime
There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet.
IT Vulnerabilities - Basic Cyberspace Attacks- by Lillian Ekwosi-Egbulem
This document discusses several common types of basic cyber attacks including internet fraud, destructive attacks, theft of intellectual property, and denial of service attacks. It provides examples of each type of attack, describing the motives and damages caused. Countermeasures are suggested to prevent each attack, such as installing security software, monitoring network activity, and enforcing access controls and policies. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of protecting information and systems given the economic and security impacts of vulnerabilities.
THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE HACKER INDUSTRY
Society is inextricably dependent on the Internet and other globally interconnected infrastructures
used in the provisioning of information services. The growth of information technology (IT) and
information systems (IS) over the past decades has created an unprecedented demand for access to
information. The implication of wireless mobility are great, and the commercial possibilities of new and
innovative wireless flexibility are just beginning to be realized through the emergence of the Internet of
Things (IoT). This article takes a look the history of hacking and professionalization of the hacker industry.
As the hacker industry becomes more fully professionalized, it is becoming much more adaptive and
flexible, making it harder for intelligence and law enforcement to confront. Furthermore, the hacker
industry is blurring the distinction between motivated crime and traditional computer security threats -
including the disruption of critical infrastructures or the penetration of networks.
The Professionalization of the Hacker Industry
Society is inextricably dependent on the Internet and other globally interconnected infrastructures
used in the provisioning of information services. The growth of information technology (IT) and
information systems (IS) over the past decades has created an unprecedented demand for access to
information. The implication of wireless mobility are great, and the commercial possibilities of new and
innovative wireless flexibility are just beginning to be realized through the emergence of the Internet of
Things (IoT). This article takes a look the history of hacking and professionalization of the hacker industry.
As the hacker industry becomes more fully professionalized, it is becoming much more adaptive and
flexible, making it harder for intelligence and law enforcement to confront. Furthermore, the hacker
industry is blurring the distinction between motivated crime and traditional computer security threats -
including the disruption of critical infrastructures or the penetration of networks.
הצגת נייר עמדה בועדת רווחה בעיר כפר סבא
ד"ר ענת קלומל-צוייג העלתה הצעה לסדר היום במועצת העיר כפר סבא בה היא מבקשת לבצע רפורומות באגף הרווחה בעיר כפר סבא, במיוחד לגבי היחס לאבות גרושים והורים בסיכסוך הורי המטופלים באגף הרווחה. בישיבת וועדת החינוך היתה התנגדות לד"ר ענת קלומל-צוייג, אך כחברת מועצה היא הציגה את עמדתה בנושא וממשיכה לפעול בנושא זה מתוקף תפקידה כנציגת ציבור מול הפקידות המקצועית בעירה.
זעקת ההורים בכל הארץ לגבי הטיפול הבעייתי של הרווחה לגבי הסדרת הסכסוך מצריך שידוד מערכות במשרד הרווחה ובפעילותו ברשויות המקומיות.
הצעה לסדר היום רווחה 2.0
תקצור ההצעה לסדר בנושא רווחה ושיפור השירות . המושג: רווחה 2.0 שימוש במספר ערוצים כדי לספק חוויה חיובית לתושבים.
קישור לשאלון אנונימי מרשויות מקומיות שונות ובדיקת רמת השירות של הרווחה ברשויות המקומיות והיכולת של חברי מועצה לסייע בעת סכסוך הורים ומעורבות הרווחה.
https://goo.gl/KWGX3x
More Related Content
Similar to עומר נגד עומאר תגרת ההאקטיביזם והרשת החברתית של זירת ההאקרים הדיגיטלית מצגת
Cyber Influence Operations
Cyber Influence OperationsPapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
The document discusses cyber influence operations (ICOs), which are defined as operations that affect the logical layer of cyberspace with the intention of influencing attitudes, behaviors, or decisions of target audiences. It provides definitions of related terms like information operations, information warfare, and cyber attacks. Examples are given of different types of ICOs, such as unauthorized access, false flag cyberattacks, DDoS attacks, website defacements and doxing. Specific incidents like the attacks on Estonia, NATO, and doxing of Victoria Nuland are analyzed in terms of their goals of undermining credibility and spreading disinformation. The challenges of attributing ICOs and their generally limited impact are also noted.Francesca Bosco, Cybercrimes - Bicocca 31.03.2011
This document summarizes a presentation on cybercrime. It defines cybercrime and discusses the underground economy where cybercriminals buy and sell stolen data and hacking tools. It provides statistics on the top countries and sectors targeted by cyberattacks. Examples of cybercriminal business models are given, showing how they mimic legitimate business models. The types of stolen data for sale in cybercrime forums are listed, along with their typical price ranges.
Cyber(in)security: systemic risks and responses
Presented at National Security 2008 in Brussels. Updated for British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank, Oxford University, and University of Southern Denmark.
Systemic cybersecurity risk
Presentation to OECD project group on Global Risk. Expanded version presented to British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank and University of Southern Denmark.
CYBER CRIME( DU PRESENTATION FOR FYUP)
This document discusses cyber crime and its history, definition, categories, and perpetrators. It begins with an introduction about the growth of the internet in India and the rise of cyber crime. It then covers the history of the first recorded cyber crime in 1820 involving sabotage of a new textile loom. The document defines cyber crime and outlines its main categories. It also examines the role of computers as tools, targets, and appliances for crime and profiles common cyber criminals. Specific cyber crimes like phishing, denial of service attacks, and logic bombs are explored. The document concludes with prevention tips and a call for India to strengthen its cyber crime laws and security standards.
Iaetsd cyber crimeand
This document discusses cyber crime and computer security. It defines cyber crime as criminal activity involving computer technology, including illegal access, data interference, and systems interference. Specific computer crimes discussed include malware, spam, phishing, fraud, obscene content, harassment, drug trafficking, and cyberterrorism. The document also covers approaches to computer security such as hardware mechanisms, secure operating systems, and preventing common software vulnerabilities.
Cyber War
Cyber WarPapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
Cyber warfare is an emerging reality that involves attacks in cyberspace to disrupt digital systems and infrastructure. Nation states and other groups now use cyber attacks for purposes like espionage, sabotage, and warfare. The document discusses the history and evolution of cyber warfare, from early hacker attacks to modern incidents like Stuxnet. It outlines the threats in cyberspace, from individual hackers to nation states. Various cyber weapons, tactics, and operations are also described. While increased cyber security could help, deterrence and international agreements may be needed to reduce cyber conflicts between nations in the future.Advanced Persistent Threats (Shining the Light on the Industries' Best Kept S...
The document provides an agenda for a talk on advanced persistent threats (APTs). It introduces APTs and discusses how they have evolved over time from targeting military and intelligence to also targeting private companies. It notes APTs can be opportunistic attacks that utilize social engineering and technical vulnerabilities. The document contrasts APTs with more sophisticated threats known as subversive multi-vector threats that are willing to exploit people, processes, and technologies to achieve their goals. It provides examples of analyzing suspicious foreign network traffic and discusses challenges with identifying and addressing multi-vector threats.
Cybercrime
This document discusses cyber crime in India. It begins with an introduction on the growth of the internet in India and the rise of cyber crime. It then provides a brief history of the first recorded cyber crime in 1820. The document defines cyber crime and outlines various categories of cyber crimes. It also examines the role of computers as tools, targets, and appliances for criminal activities. Common cyber criminals like hackers, criminal groups, and terrorists are identified. Popular cyber crimes such as phishing, denial of service attacks, and virus/worm attacks are explained. The document concludes with recommendations for prevention, including using strong passwords, securing devices and networks, and protecting online identities.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
beware of Thing Bot
The document discusses the security risks posed by the growing Internet of Things (IoT). As more everyday devices become connected to the internet, they could be vulnerable to attacks that turn them into "thingbots" that are part of botnets controlled by hackers. This could allow hackers to launch large-scale distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks or spy on users by accessing unsecured cameras and other smart home devices. Researchers have already discovered botnets made up of thousands of compromised IoT devices like routers, smart TVs and refrigerators. To address this, the document recommends steps like using secure chips and honeypots to detect malicious activity from IoT devices and help secure the growing IoT ecosystem.
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...Cybersecurity Education and Research Centre
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) in India. It provides examples of past cyber attacks on critical information infrastructures around the world, such as Stuxnet and Flame malware. It also outlines international efforts to protect critical infrastructure and discusses India's initiatives to enhance information security and protect critical government organizations from cyber attacks.An overview of cyberimes
Presentation made by Dr. Tabrez Ahmad, in training programme at Biju Pattanaik, state Police Academy Bhubaneswar, to train DSPs organised by Crminal Investigation department govt. of India
Cyber security assocham
The document discusses cyber threat scenarios and principles for cyber defense models. It outlines various past cyber attacks on different countries involving hacking, distributed denial of service attacks, and data/infrastructure manipulation. It also shows diagrams mapping the interconnectivity and complexity of modern critical infrastructure networks. The presentation argues that traditional passive cyber protections are no longer sufficient and proposes a new integrated, proactive defense model involving information sharing between public and private sectors, coordinated incident response, and development of tailored security technologies. It concludes by listing contact information for the cybersecurity firm Altal Security and their representatives.
Cyber space & critical information infrastructure
The document presents information on cyber space and critical information infrastructure. It defines cyberspace as the virtual environment where computer network communication occurs. It then discusses several cyber threats like hacktivism, cybercrime, cyber spying, cyber war, and cyber terrorism. Cybercrime for example refers to any crime involving a computer network, like hacking or credit card fraud. Critical information infrastructure is defined as any essential system like utilities or governance whose disruption would significantly impact national security, the economy, or social well-being. The document notes critical infrastructure is highly complex, distributed, and interconnected, making it vulnerable to fast, widespread damage from cyber attacks.
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat EnvironmentFIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar .docx
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment
FIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar and Cyberterror (Study Figure)
Nightmare Threats
Potential for far greater attacks than those caused by criminal attackers
Cyberwar
Computer-based attacks by national governments
Espionage
Cyber-only attacks to damage financial and communication infrastructure
To augment conventional physical attacks
Attack IT infrastructure along with physical attacks (or in place of physical attacks)
Paralyze enemy command and control
Engage in propaganda attacks
Cyberterror
Attacks by terrorists or terrorist groups
May attack IT resources directly
Use the Internet for recruitment and coordination
Use the Internet to augment physical attacks
Disrupt communication among first responders
Use cyberattacks to increase terror in physical attacks
Turn to computer crime to fund their attacks
espionage.87 Cyber espionage from China has been a serious problem since 1999.88
The Chinese government has been involved in, or sponsored, attacks aimed at the State
Department, Commerce Department, Senators, Congressmen, and US military labs.89
Cyberwar attacks can be launched without engaging in physical hostilities and still do
tremendous damage. Countries can use cyberwar attacks to do massive damage to one
another’s financial infrastructures, to disrupt one another’s communication infrastructures,
and to damage the country’s IT infrastructure all as precursors to actual physical hostilities.
Cyberterror
Another nightmare scenario is cyberterror, in which the attacker is a terrorist or group of
terrorists.90 Of course, cyberterrorists can attack information technology resources directly.
They can damage a country’s financial, communication, and utilities infrastructure.91
87 Dawn S. Onley and Patience Wait, “Red Storm Rising,” GCN.com, August 21, 2006. Keith Epstein, “China
Stealing U.S. Computer Data, Says Commission,” Business Week, November 21, 2008. http://www.businessweek.
com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/nov2008/db20081121_440892.htm.
88 Daniel Verton and L. Scott Tillett, “DOD Confirms Cyberattack ‘Something New’,” Cnn.com, March 6, 1999.
89 Josh Rogin, “The Top 10 Chinese Cyber Attacks (that we know of),” ForeignPolicy.com, January 22, 2010.
90 Although organized terrorist groups are very serious threats, a related group of attackers is somewhat dan-
gerous. These are hacktivists, who attack based on political beliefs. During tense periods between the United
States and China, for instance, hacktivists on both sides have attacked the IT resources of the other country.
91 In 2008, the CIA revealed that attacks over the Internet had cut off electrical power in several cities. Robert
McMillan, PC World, January 19, 2008. http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,141564/article.htm?tk=nl_dnxnws.
Chapter 1 • The Threat Environment 55
Most commonly, cyberterrorists use the Internet as a recruitment tool through
websites and to coordinate their activities.92 They can also use cyberterror in conjunc-
tion with .
Cyber Crime
There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet.
IT Vulnerabilities - Basic Cyberspace Attacks- by Lillian Ekwosi-Egbulem
This document discusses several common types of basic cyber attacks including internet fraud, destructive attacks, theft of intellectual property, and denial of service attacks. It provides examples of each type of attack, describing the motives and damages caused. Countermeasures are suggested to prevent each attack, such as installing security software, monitoring network activity, and enforcing access controls and policies. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of protecting information and systems given the economic and security impacts of vulnerabilities.
THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE HACKER INDUSTRY
Society is inextricably dependent on the Internet and other globally interconnected infrastructures
used in the provisioning of information services. The growth of information technology (IT) and
information systems (IS) over the past decades has created an unprecedented demand for access to
information. The implication of wireless mobility are great, and the commercial possibilities of new and
innovative wireless flexibility are just beginning to be realized through the emergence of the Internet of
Things (IoT). This article takes a look the history of hacking and professionalization of the hacker industry.
As the hacker industry becomes more fully professionalized, it is becoming much more adaptive and
flexible, making it harder for intelligence and law enforcement to confront. Furthermore, the hacker
industry is blurring the distinction between motivated crime and traditional computer security threats -
including the disruption of critical infrastructures or the penetration of networks.
The Professionalization of the Hacker Industry
Society is inextricably dependent on the Internet and other globally interconnected infrastructures
used in the provisioning of information services. The growth of information technology (IT) and
information systems (IS) over the past decades has created an unprecedented demand for access to
information. The implication of wireless mobility are great, and the commercial possibilities of new and
innovative wireless flexibility are just beginning to be realized through the emergence of the Internet of
Things (IoT). This article takes a look the history of hacking and professionalization of the hacker industry.
As the hacker industry becomes more fully professionalized, it is becoming much more adaptive and
flexible, making it harder for intelligence and law enforcement to confront. Furthermore, the hacker
industry is blurring the distinction between motivated crime and traditional computer security threats -
including the disruption of critical infrastructures or the penetration of networks.
Similar to עומר נגד עומאר תגרת ההאקטיביזם והרשת החברתית של זירת ההאקרים הדיגיטלית מצגת (20)
Advanced Persistent Threats (Shining the Light on the Industries' Best Kept S...
Advanced Persistent Threats (Shining the Light on the Industries' Best Kept S...
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...
National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): Role...
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat EnvironmentFIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar .docx
54 Chapter 1 • The Threat EnvironmentFIGURE 1-18 Cyberwar .docx
IT Vulnerabilities - Basic Cyberspace Attacks- by Lillian Ekwosi-Egbulem
IT Vulnerabilities - Basic Cyberspace Attacks- by Lillian Ekwosi-Egbulem
More from Dr. Anat Klumel
הצגת נייר עמדה בועדת רווחה בעיר כפר סבא
ד"ר ענת קלומל-צוייג העלתה הצעה לסדר היום במועצת העיר כפר סבא בה היא מבקשת לבצע רפורומות באגף הרווחה בעיר כפר סבא, במיוחד לגבי היחס לאבות גרושים והורים בסיכסוך הורי המטופלים באגף הרווחה. בישיבת וועדת החינוך היתה התנגדות לד"ר ענת קלומל-צוייג, אך כחברת מועצה היא הציגה את עמדתה בנושא וממשיכה לפעול בנושא זה מתוקף תפקידה כנציגת ציבור מול הפקידות המקצועית בעירה.
זעקת ההורים בכל הארץ לגבי הטיפול הבעייתי של הרווחה לגבי הסדרת הסכסוך מצריך שידוד מערכות במשרד הרווחה ובפעילותו ברשויות המקומיות.
הצעה לסדר היום רווחה 2.0
תקצור ההצעה לסדר בנושא רווחה ושיפור השירות . המושג: רווחה 2.0 שימוש במספר ערוצים כדי לספק חוויה חיובית לתושבים.
קישור לשאלון אנונימי מרשויות מקומיות שונות ובדיקת רמת השירות של הרווחה ברשויות המקומיות והיכולת של חברי מועצה לסייע בעת סכסוך הורים ומעורבות הרווחה.
https://goo.gl/KWGX3x
סקר שביעות רצון של הקהילה האתיופית משירות עיריית כפר סבא מאי 2014
הסקר ערך על ידי ד"ר ענת קלומל חברת מועצת העיר כפר סבא מטעם
סיעת תפו"ח גב' אתי הדנה חברת סיעת תפו"ח
הסקר כולל עיצות לטיפול ושיפור השירות.
הצעה לסדר היום בעיר כפר -סבא - הנגשת מידע רווחה
מצגת המתמצת את ההצעה להנגשת מידע באתר האינטרנט של העירייה אודות הפעילות של אגף הרווחה בעיר.
כמומחית במידע ובהנגשת מידע וכחברת מועצת העיר, ראיתי צורך להרחיב את המידע המסופק לתושבים בהקשר שירות לתושבים ברווחה. אני מאמינה בהעצמת מידע והנגשתו לתושב. הבחירה בקבלת תמיכה או שימוש בשירות כלשהו צריך להיות מבוסס הבנה בצורך ופתרון הניתן. יתרה מזו, הנגשת מידע מוביל למיצוי זכויות. כאשר העירייה לא מספקת מידע באופן מספק היא גורמת לתופעת אי מיצוי זכויות ובכך נפגעים התושבים, בעיקר אלו הזקוקים לסיוע.
מודיעין תחרותי באקדמיה
הרצאה שהועברה על ידי ענת קלומל כמסגרת הכנס השנתי למודיעין תחרותי מטעם פימ"ת הפורום הישראלי למודיעין תחרותי.
ביום זה הרצו - פרופ' יצחק בן ישראל, פרופ' בן גלעד, אמיר ברנע , יורם סנדר , ד"ר שי הרשקוביץ, ד"ר יניב לויתן ועוד מומחים נוספים.
להוציא את המוץ מהתבן יעל הראל
יעל הראל, מידענית עצמאית מרצה ביום העיון "ממידענים לאנליסטים" בכנס מידע 2012 במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב בתאריך ה - 15.5.2012
מחקר שוק תעשיית הרכב בישראל שוקה שביט
שוקה שביט הרצה ביום העיון "ממידענים לאנליסטים" בכנס מידע 2012 במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב בתאריך ה - 15.5.2012
הסהר הפורה – מידענות אחרת נחום שילה
נחום שילה הרצאה ביום עיון "ממידענים לאנליסטים" בכנס מידע 2012 במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב בתאריך 15.5.2012.
ארכיונים ופייסבוק שולי לינדר ירקוני (1)
שולי לינדר ירקוני מרצה ביום העיון "רשתות חברתיות" במסגרת כנס מידע 2012, שבוע המידע בישראל. הכנס התקיים ב - 14.5.2012 במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב.
Info 2012 limor shiponi
לימור שיפוני, הפורום לתקשורת שיווקית מרצה ביום העיון "רשתות חברתיות 2012" בכנס מידע 2012 בתאריך 14.5.2012
מצגת בנושא מערכות מידע והקשר עם התושב דר איתן לסרי
הרצאה של ד"ר איתן לסרי במסגרת כנס מידע 2012, שבוע המידע הבינלאומי בישראל אשר התקיים במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב.
הרצאה ביום העיון "רשתות חברתיות 2012" .
יום עיון ממידענים ואנליסטים
הרצאה של ענת קלומל במסגרת כנס מידע 2012 , יום העיון "ממידענים לאנליסטים" . ענת כהנה כיו"ר יום העיון.
יום עיון "רשתות חברתיות 2012"
יום עיון "רשתות חברתיות 2012" התקיים במסגרת כנס מידע 2012 במלון הילטון שבתל-אביב בתאריך ה - 14.5.2012. שבוע המידע בישראל הינו כנס ברמה בינלאומית.
ענת קלומל כהנה כיו"ר יום העיון. זו השנה השלישית שעורכת ימי העיון העוסקים ברשתות חברתיות במסגרת כנס מידע.
מידע רב ממדי במחקר שוק (1)
אמיר בן ארצי הרצאה בכנס מידע 2011 ביום העיון "פורטלים ומידע רב מימדי " , נושא ההרצאה מחקר ואיסוף מידע.
גילי מרכס פורטלים Gis
גילי מרכס הרצתה בכנס מידע 2011 , ביום העיון "פורטלים ומידע רב מימדי ושכבות המידע" .
More from Dr. Anat Klumel (20)
סקר שביעות רצון של הקהילה האתיופית משירות עיריית כפר סבא מאי 2014
סקר שביעות רצון של הקהילה האתיופית משירות עיריית כפר סבא מאי 2014
מצגת בנושא מערכות מידע והקשר עם התושב דר איתן לסרי
מצגת בנושא מערכות מידע והקשר עם התושב דר איתן לסרי
Recently uploaded
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
Tomaz Bratanic
Graph ML and GenAI Expert - Neo4j
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Dmitrii Kamaev, PhD
Senior Product Owner - QIAGEN
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic Warfare
Artificial Intelligence and Electronic WarfarePapadakis K.-Cyber-Information Warfare Analyst & Cyber Defense/Security Consultant-Hellenic MoD
AI & Electronic WarfarePrinciple of conventional tomography-Bibash Shahi ppt..pptx
before the computed tomography, it had been widely used.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Your goto partner for Oracle Cloud, PeopleSoft, E-Business Suite, and Ellucian Banner. We are a firm specialized in managed services and consulting.
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Katja Glaß
OpenStudyBuilder Community Manager - Katja Glaß Consulting
Marius Conjeaud
Principal Consultant - Neo4j
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Mutation Testing for Task-Oriented Chatbots
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
My presentation slides I used at JavaLand 2024
Recently uploaded (20)
9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Principle of conventional tomography-Bibash Shahi ppt..pptx
Principle of conventional tomography-Bibash Shahi ppt..pptx
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
עומר נגד עומאר תגרת ההאקטיביזם והרשת החברתית של זירת ההאקרים הדיגיטלית מצגת
- 1. – • – • • • • nimrod@internetlaws.co.il
- 13. “Cyber terrorism is the convergence of cyberspace and terrorism. It refers to unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers, networks and the information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives. Further, to qualify as cyber terrorism, an attack should result in violence least against persons or property, or at
- 14. (Defacement) ;
- 15. Closed-Garden Networks Critical Infrastructure (Military, Gov) (Power, Nuclear) Industrial Open Infrastructure (Water, Transportation, Telecom) Interconnectivity Complexity Openness ©All Right Reserved to Altal Security Ltd., 2011.
- 19. (LR, Bitcoins) TOR
- 21. - - – –
- 22. – (complexity) (spoofing) -
- 23. -
- 27. Brute Force Password Cracker
- 28. Facebook Account Hacking Tool
- 29. Groups for hacking toolkits discussion & instructions
- 31. Automated Website Defacement Tool