SQL Server 2016 introduces significant advancements such as 30x faster in-memory transactions, enhanced security with always encrypted technology, and improved analytics capabilities including support for relational and non-relational data. It offers higher availability through AlwaysOn secondaries, the ability to stretch databases into Azure for hybrid scenarios, and simplified migration tools. The platform aims to provide deep insights across data with real-time operational analytics, powerful mobile BI capabilities, and an expanded analytics library through integration with Microsoft Azure Marketplace.