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Sport Pilot Flight for Flight Instructors (CFIs)
This presentation provides an overview of sport pilot flight instruction. It discusses the establishment of the light sport category and sport pilot certificate in 2004. It outlines the aircraft categories that fall under light sport aircraft and the certification processes. It covers the medical requirements, aeronautical experience requirements, privileges and limits of sport pilots compared to private pilots. It discusses who can provide instruction to sport pilots and requirements for flight instructors and sport pilot instructors. It also addresses considerations for transition training when pilots with prior experience move to light sport aircraft.
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Sport Pilot Flight for Flight Instructors (CFIs)
- 1. SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SPORTPILOT Presented to: Flight Instructors By: The FAA Safety Team Date: FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration
- 2. OBJECTIVE This presentation willfamiliarize Flight Instructors with Light Sport Aircraft and Light Sport Pilots. Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and directions to rules and other sources of important information. Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 2 2
- 3. SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW InSeptember 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light Sport Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate. This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 3 3
- 4. Sport Pilot FlightInstruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 4 4
- 5. AIRCRAFT CATEGORY ANDCLASS OF LSA AIRPLANE LAND+SEA GYROPLANE POWERED PARACHUTE GLIDER WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”) BALLOON + AIRSHIP Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 5 5
- 6. Image from: “ACFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.” – Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 6 6
- 7. LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT(LSA) CERTIFICATION SPECIAL LIGHT SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR 21.190) • Factory built and “Ready To Fly”. • Manufactured to consensus standards. • See 14 CFR 91.327 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 7 7
- 8. LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT(LSA) CERTIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR 21.191i) • Built from qualified E-LSA Kit. • Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. • See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 8 8
- 9. LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT(LSA) CERTIFICATION STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT • Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1). • Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC. • EAA website link for complete listing: www.sportpilot.org/learn/aircraft.html Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 9 9
- 10. LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT(LSA) CERTIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR 21.191g) • Built by a person for education or recreation. • At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder. • May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1). • See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 10 10
- 11. TRUE OR FALSEDISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? ERCOUPE 415-C STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt. 749. Fuel capacity 14. Engine 75 HP flat-4. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 550. Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm. ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: What is VH in this aircraft? What endorsement is required? OK to fly all other LSA aircraft? Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 § Part 1.1 § 61.321 § 61.303 Federal Aviation Administration 11 11
- 12. TRUE OR FALSEDISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? CESSNA 150 STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,600. Empty wt. 1060. Fuel capacity 26. Engine 100 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 106 kts. Cruise 85 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 670. Ceiling 12,650. Range 303 nm. § Part 1.1 § 61.321 Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 12 12
- 13. TRUE OR FALSEDISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,220. Empty wt. 680. Fuel capacity 9. Engine 65 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 76 kts. Cruise 65 kts. Stall 33 kts. Initial climb rate 450. Ceiling 11,500. Range 191 nm. § Part 1.1 § 61.321 Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 13 13
- 14. Sport Pilot FlightInstruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 14 14
- 15. WHO CAN FLYUNDER THE SPORT PILOT RULE? Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates. Pilots with Recreation or higher level privileges. Requirements are found in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 15 15
- 16. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDERSPORT PILOT RULE See 14 CFR 61.303 for specific requirements. No medical certification requirements for gliders or balloons. For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers License. Not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make the pilot unable to operate the LSA in a safe manner. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 16 16
- 17. CONDITIONS RELATED TO PREVIOUSFAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATION If the pilot previously applied for an FAA Medical, he / she must have been eligible for issuance on their most recent application. Must not have had their most recent FAA medical denied, suspended or revoked. Must not have had their most recent Special Issuance/Medical Certificate withdrawn. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 17 17
- 18. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDERSPORT PILOT RULE Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight Proficiency. Aeronautical Experience. Endorsements. Privileges and Limits. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 18 18
- 19. SPORT PILOT vsPRIVATE PILOT: HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATION SPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT - INITIAL HOURS REQUIRED 40 40 35 30 Hours 25 20 20 15 20 15 10 3 10 2 5 5 5 3 3 1 0 0 Solo Cross Country Night Flight Instrument Training 3 3 0 Total Flight Time Dual Dual Cross Country Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Solo Federal Aviation Administration Flight Test Prep 19 19
- 20. PRIVATE vs SPORTPILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER DAY NIGHT IFR (Instrument Rated) VFR VFR VFR (greater than 3mi vis) (less than 3mi vis) (above clouds) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 20 20
- 21. PRIVATE vs SPORTPILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE CLASS A CLASS B, C, D (Instrument Rated) (Sport needs endorsement) CLASS E, G ABOVE 10,000 MSL (Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or less) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 21 21
- 22. SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS:TYPE OF FLIGHTS Watch This! PASSENGERS SALES DEMOS BUSINESS CHARITABLE CROSS COUNTRY (Sport: only ONE) TOWING (UL or LSA glider) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 22 22
- 23. Sport Pilot FlightInstruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 23 23
- 24. WHO MAY INSTRUCTSPORT PILOTS? Flight Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart H. Sport Pilot Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart K. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 24 24
- 25. SUBPART H FLIGHTINSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES Must refer to 14 CFR 61.429 for guidance. Must have appropriate category and class ratings – or equivalent light sport privileges. Must be acting as a light sport instructor while exercising these privileges. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 25 25
- 26. CAN A LIGHTSPORT INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A PROFICIENCY CHECK? YES! A Light Sport Instructor can conduct a proficiency check for additional category or class privilege at the Light Sport level (see 14 CFR 61.321). The instruction and check flight must be performed by separate instructors. The instructor who conducts the check must submit documentation to the FAA. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 26 26
- 27. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORSSHOULD KNOW V H AND SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS • VH = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power. • This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement 61.327: • Aircraft VH less than 87kts CAS • Aircraft VH greater than 87kts CAS • Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required • A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 27 27
- 28. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORSSHOULD KNOW Letter of Deviation Authorization 14 CFR Part 91.319 states that: “(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or (2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire." The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be available in aircraft holding experimental certificates. The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part 91.319(h) allows A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 28 28
- 29. Letter of DeviationAuthorization The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. The FAA may issue training deviations to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. Flight training considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of: • Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. • Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in lowmass, high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in level flight with max continuous power (VH) less than 87 knots. • Jet unusual attitude and upset training. • Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental aircraft. •Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft. •Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 29 29
- 30. Letter of DeviationAuthorization Additional training allowed: • Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. • Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1). NOTE: A LODA should only be issued if an aircraft with other than an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1) is not available for the conduct of this training in the Flight Standard District Office’s (FSDO) geographic area. The aircraft to be used to provide Sport Pilot training must have been owned by the person providing the training prior to January 31, 2010 and that person must have been appropriately certificated or otherwise authorized to provide that training prior to January 31, 2010. LODAs for persons conducting this training will have a maximum duration of 24 months and will be limited to the geographic area of the FSDO’s responsibility. FSDOs may terminate a LODA for sport pilot training at its discretion. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 30 30
- 31. Letter of DeviationAuthorization Training NOT authorized: • Tailwheel airplane endorsements • Complex Airplane endorsements • High-performance endorsements • Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 31 31
- 32. Letter of DeviationAuthorization Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must: • Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will take place which must include: • Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant • Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation • Details of the type of training • Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used • Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued operating limitations • A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed training will meet the intended objectives. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 32 32
- 33. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORSSHOULD KNOW S P O R T P I L O T T R A I N I N G S I M I L A R T O P R I VAT E • Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305) • Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, 61.311) • Take the knowledge test (61.307) • Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313) • Have proper endorsements and submit application • Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s-8081-29) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 33 33
- 34. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORSSHOULD KNOW A FLIGHT REVIEW IS STILL A FLIGHT REVIEW • AC 61-98 / 61.56 still apply • Stick and rudder skills or tailwheel endorsement • Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles • Stall characteristics and aerodynamics • Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege •The ASF-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks: http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/ Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 34 34
- 35. Transition Training forPilots… …is Very Important 152 “Heavy” “At our airport 100% of all the general aviationtrained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport aircraft without transitional training have damaged their aircraft. “ -Carol and Brian Carpenter Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 35 35
- 36. Transition Training forPilots Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 36 36
- 37. LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICSMAY DIFFER These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining, especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft characteristics. Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings, slower speeds (VH), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor before launching out with a student. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 37 37
- 38. ACCIDENT DATA FORLIGHT SPORT • NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport • It is probable that some Light Sport accidents are included in this data • 2010 US General Aviation accidents: 1093 total 193 fatal (17%) • 2010 US Amateur Built accidents: 208 total 55 fatal (26%) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 38 38
- 39. FAR PART 61 SportPilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart J Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, ASF-610, and FAA Safety.GOV) http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/ http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/ http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdf http://faasafety.gov/gslac/onlineresources.aspx?masterId=3 FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot! AOPA http://www.aopa.org/sportpilot/ http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sport_pilot_check.html NAFI and EAA http://faaflighttest.us/cfisportguide.pdf http://www.nafinet.org/news.aspx?id=7 EAA http://www.sportpilot.org/ Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport! Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 39 39
- 40. Sport Pilot FlightInstruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 40 40
- 41. 1. What arethe medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. d) All of the above. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 41 41
- 42. 1. What arethe medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. d) All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23 Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 42 42
- 43. 2. True orFalse: A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs? Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 43 43
- 44. 2. True orFalse: A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs? FALSE 14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs land use;1430 lbs water use Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 44 44
- 45. 3. A pilotholding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… a) In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. b) Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. c) Only with a CFI endorsement. d) In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 45 45
- 46. 3. A pilotholding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR 61.303(a) c)Only with a CFI endorsement. d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 46 46
- 47. 4. True orFalse: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot? Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 47 47
- 48. 4. True orFalse: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot? TRUE 14 CFR 61.321 … A CFI may conduct a proficiency check and issue an endorsement for those privileges Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 48 48
- 49. 5. A 14CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… a) Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft. b) Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. c) Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. d) Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations. Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 49 49
- 50. 5. A 14CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft. b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations. 14 CFR 61.415 (i) (1) Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Federal Aviation Administration 50 50
Editor's Notes
- #3 The audience for this presentation is primarily made up of flight instructors. The objective is to give a brief overview of light sport aviation. The presenter should stress that a CFI planning to conduct light sport instruction should carefully research rules and other important information. DPEs with light sport authorizations are excellent sources of advice.
- #4 The light sport rules were accomplished using an FAA/industry collaborative process characterized by a mutual commitment to achieving a realistic regulation that allows simplicity for participants based upon proven pilot certification standards and airworthiness parameters.
- #6 U.S. or foreign manufacturer of light-sport aircraft is authorized.Will have FAA registration N-number.Although many categories and class exist – this presentation will focus on Fixed Wing Airplane.
- #7 The definition of a light sport aircraft is found in FAR Part 1
- #9 CFIs should be able to differentiate between a SLSA (Previous slide) and an ELSA. Both have pink airworthiness certificates and FAA required operating limitations.
- #10 Certain FAA certificated aircraft may be flown under the light sport rule. These aircraft meet the operating limitations of the rule such as weight, seating configuration, and airspeed. They must continue to meet their type design and be maintained in the same manner as any other certificated aircraft.
- #11 Not all amateur built aircraft meet the LSA definition and CFIs should be aware that the speeds, performance data, and other criteria are entirely the responsibility of the owner. These aircraft have pink airworthiness certificates and FAA required operating limitations. USE CAUTION.
- #12 Answer: Yes. This aircraft meets LSA criteria and is on the list of certificated aircraft that may be flown by light sport pilots.
- #13 Answer: No. This airplane exceeds the maximum weight limit of an LSA.
- #14 Answer: Yes. This aircraft meets the LSA criteria and is on the list.
- #16 CFIs should be familiar with these
- #17 Self explanatory.
- #18 See 14 CFR 61.303
- #19 Briefly discuss each of these: Must be 17 years old, read, speak, write, understand English; must receive and log ground and flight instruction; must have required aeronautical experience; must pass knowledge and practical tests; we will show some of the privileges and limitations in later slides.
- #20 Chart shows a comparison of minimum hours required to achieve initial rating. As you can see, night training and instrument training are not required.
- #21 Private or greater rating “WEATHER” limitations – followed by red “x” for limitations governed by Sport Pilot privileges.
- #22 Private or greater rating “AIRSPACE” limitations – followed by red “x” for limitations governed by Sport Pilot privileges.
- #23 Private or greater rating “KINDS OF FLYING ALLOWED” limitations – followed by red “x” for limitations governed by Sport Pilot privileges.
- #25 CFIs must hold category and class ratings in the aircraft they use for instruction. For example, a Subpart H CFI who holds an airplane single engine rating may instruct a sport pilot in a light sport sea plane if he/she holds a sea class rating on the commercial pilot certificate or sport pilot privileges in seaplanes. A Subpart K Sport Pilot Instructor may instruct in a light sport sea plane provided he/she holds sport pilot seaplane privileges or a category and class rating at a higher level. The bottom line is that to instruct at the light sport level, you must have either “light sport privileges” or category and class ratings at a higher level.
- #26 This is an important distinction and CFIs must study these requirements prior to working with light sport students. The privileges and limitations are different and the recordkeeping requirements are also.
- #27 This is an example of the difference in privileges between Subpart H and Subpart K instructors. The check is conducted in accordance with light sport practical test standards and the instructor is acting in the capacity of an examiner. For example a private pilot with airplane single engine land category and class ratings can receive light sport privileges in a glider by receiving instruction from an authorized instructor in a glider and then passing a proficiency check in a light sport glider with a separate instructor. All the requirements in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J must be met during this process. These are expanded responsibilities for CFIs.
- #28 The emphasis here is the initial sport pilot certificate requires less hours INITIALLY, but those hours are made up on the back side when the sport pilot wants to expand range of privileges, including airspace, night flying, and other make/models of Light Sport Aircraft. It’s a way to get pilots in the air in a modular fashion and the privileges grow with the pilot, rather than the pilot grow into the expansive private pilot certificate privileges.
- #29 The emphasis here is the requirement to receive a letter of deviation authorization from the local FSDO, in order to teach students in an aircraft the instructor provides that has an experimental certificate. References is the 8900.1 Volume 3, Chapter 11, Section 1. 14 CFR 91.319(h) permits the FAA to issue a LODA to an applicant for the purpose of conducting flight training when the aircraft intended to be used will not be operated for a purpose for which its certificate was issued, or when the aircraft will be used to carry persons or property for compensation or hire. Issuance of a LODA permits the LODA holder to provide flight training for compensation or hire in an experimental aircraft which the LODA holder provides. The request for deviation authority must be submitted to the local FSDO at least 60 days in advance.
- #30 The emphasis of this slide is to point out that the training is specific to a make and model of aircraft. The LODA is not intended to permit training for the issuance of a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege, (i.e. tail wheel endorsements, complex or high performance endorsement, aerobatics).
- #31 The LODA is not intended to permit training for the issuance of a pilot certificate, limited authority may be granted to give Sport Pilot Training if no aircraft without an experimental certificate is available in the FSDO geographic area. That area could be large. For example, the MSP-FSDO’s geographic area covers all of Minnesota and 10 counties in Wisconsin.
- #32 The LODA is not intended to permit training for the issuance of a pilot certificate, or endorsements required by 14 CFR 61.31. Tailwheel, complex, high-performance or high altitude pressurized aircraft. This is when the aircraft has an experimental airworthiness certificate.
- #33 8900.1 Volume 3, Chapter 11, Section 1, paragraph 3-293(D) includes the details needed for the training program.
- #34 This slide is to point out the similarities between Sport Pilot certification and certification for other ratings. These should be familiar to CFIs.
- #35 Sport pilots will need flight reviews and CFIs should be familiar with these factors when planning flight reviews. Familiarity with the Sport Pilot PTS will be invaluable.
- #38 Some LSA models have unusual flight characteristics. CFIs must familiarize themselves prior to instructing in these aircraft.
- #39 Discuss these statistics in a general way and mention that both FAA and NTSB will be keeping close tabs on LSA accidents and incidents in the future. Note the percentage of AM/built accidents and mention that this indicates the need for more attention by CFIs and also that CFIs should exercise caution in instructing in these aircraft.N102rkInjuries: 2 Minor.The company's chief pilot and student instructor had performed four successful touch-and-go landings. On the mishap landing, the student instructor started his flare at normal approach speed about 2 to 3 feet above the runway. As the airplane settled, the chief pilot raised the nose of the airplane slightly to prevent a bounced landing. The airplane subsequently ballooned. They elected to perform a go-around. The chief pilot advanced the power and "pitched the airplane to the landing attitude." The airplane settled to the runway in a slight left crab, touching down on the left main landing gear, which subsequently broke aft. The airplane came down on the runway and slid for 300 feet, departing the left side and flipping over onto its back. The airplane had been recently purchased by the company. Total airframe time was approximately 25 hours. An examination of the airplane showed the left main lower landing gear tube had fractured due to overstress at the landing gear wheel and brake attachment fitting. The overstress appeared consistent with a hard landing impact as a small compression buckle was observed at the top of the part and some tensile indications were seen at the bottom. There were also contact impressions on the inside of the tube most-likely made by the end of the main landing gear spring bar. The wheel and brake attachment fitting was identified as a steel with designation St37, according to the German DIN classification for steels. The St37 steel is specified to have a yield strength of at least 34 ksi (235 MPa) and tensile strength between 51 ksi and 70 ksi (350 MPa to 480 MPa). According to the ASM Metals Handbook, St37 is similar to SAE 1013 steel, which is a low-carbon steel. Hardness measurements on the fitting averaged 63.5 Rockwell B, with a standard deviation of 2 Rockwell B. For steel, a hardness of 65 Rockwell B corresponds to a tensile strength of 56 ksi, so the fitting appears to be within specification. This steel is at the lower end of the range of strength possible for steel. The ASM Metals Handbook indicates that fatigue resistance would also improve with increasing tensile strength. Information from the manufacturer indicates that the gear assembly was designed in accordance with ASTM F 2245, and successfully passed a drop test of 550 mm (21.7 inches) at a weight of 600 kg (1323 pounds).**This narrative was modified on August 13, 2007.**The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows:The total failure of the left main landing gear strut due to overload during the landing resulting in the loss of control and subsequent nose over. A factor contributing to the accident was the chief pilot 's inability to maintain directional control of the airplane after the landing gear failed.
- #40 Emphasize that this presentation is not a ground school on the light sport rule and urge CFIs to study these resources. Emphasize using EAA and AOPA as resource. See the Sport Pilot Business Card available from your FAASTeam Program Manager