The document provides information about a biology exam question from 2015 regarding cheetahs and Usain Bolt. It includes diagrams of cheetah anatomy and discusses their adaptive features that allow them to run at speeds up to 120 km/h. It also discusses Usain Bolt's running records and whether he could challenge cheetahs as the fastest land mammal. Finally, it provides information on the declining cheetah population and asks how their conservation could be proposed.
This document contains a biology exam question and sample answer regarding plasma membranes and cell transport. Part A asks about structures labeled on a plasma membrane diagram and describes active transport. Part B asks about the effect of respiratory poison on transport across the membrane. Part C presents data from a study on red blood cell concentration and asks students to analyze the results and determine isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. The sample answer identifies the labeled structures, explains active transport, discusses the poison's effect on respiration and transport, names the cell as a red blood cell, determines blood plasma concentration is isotonic, and predicts the red blood cell will burst in distilled water due to it being hypotonic.
The document contains a biology exam question from 2015 about phototropism in plants and fungi, the role of auxin in growth responses, and fight-or-flight response in organisms. It also includes sub-questions about Parkinson's disease and the body's regulation mechanisms in stressful situations.
This document contains a biology exam question from 2015 about ecosystems and human impacts. It includes questions about grouping organisms in a coral reef ecosystem as biotic and abiotic components, constructing a food web, discussing consequences of no coral reefs and effects of human activities. The passage notes that human activities like coral mining, pollution and overfishing threaten coral reef ecosystems and have accelerated species extinction rates globally. If human impacts continue developing, it predicts living organisms in the ecosystem will die off, become extinct and disrupt the ecosystem balance.
- Albert showed symptoms like diarrhea after drinking milk due to lactose intolerance, which is the inability to digest the sugar lactose found in milk.
- His mother should prepare breakfasts without lactose, such as orange juice, bread, boiled egg, and salad to prevent these symptoms.
- If Albert drank yogurt, he would likely not experience symptoms since the lactose has been pre-digested by microorganisms in the yogurt.
Rangkuman dokumen tersebut dalam 3 kalimat:
Dokumen tersebut membahas soalan biologi tentang proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul, enzim, dan organ tertentu. Ia juga menjelaskan kondisi ketosis dan bagaimana diet rendah karbohidrat dapat memotong berat badan dengan membakar lemak sebagai sumber tenaga daripada karbohidrat.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
(1) Dokumen tersebut membahas soalan-soalan tentang jantung manusia dan perentak jantung buatan;
(2) Septum berfungsi untuk memisahkan darah beroksigen dan terdeoksigen di jantung;
(3) Perentak jantung buatan berfungsi dengan menghasilkan cas elektrik untuk merangsang denyut jantung.
The document discusses the El Niño phenomenon and its effects on ecosystems. It provides background on El Niño, noting that it involves anomalously warm ocean temperatures off the coast of South America that disrupt typical weather patterns across the Pacific. The effects on ecosystems include changes in temperature, precipitation, currents and ocean temperatures that can lead to droughts, floods, fires, famine and disease outbreaks. Suggested measures to minimize impacts include enforcement of open burning laws, awareness campaigns on water conservation, cloud seeding, building water reserves, installing air filtration systems on factories, and educating the public.
The document discusses Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), a respiratory illness caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has since infected over 400 people across 12 countries. Studies show the virus spreads between humans through close contact, but may also transmit to humans from animals like camels, in which the virus has been found in 90% of tested Saudi Arabian camels. The document provides sample exam questions and answers about MERS-CoV transmission, effects on health, similarities to SARS, impact on the immune system, and solutions for eliminating the coronavirus.
This document contains a biology exam question and sample answer regarding plasma membranes and cell transport. Part A asks about structures labeled on a plasma membrane diagram and describes active transport. Part B asks about the effect of respiratory poison on transport across the membrane. Part C presents data from a study on red blood cell concentration and asks students to analyze the results and determine isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. The sample answer identifies the labeled structures, explains active transport, discusses the poison's effect on respiration and transport, names the cell as a red blood cell, determines blood plasma concentration is isotonic, and predicts the red blood cell will burst in distilled water due to it being hypotonic.
The document contains a biology exam question from 2015 about phototropism in plants and fungi, the role of auxin in growth responses, and fight-or-flight response in organisms. It also includes sub-questions about Parkinson's disease and the body's regulation mechanisms in stressful situations.
This document contains a biology exam question from 2015 about ecosystems and human impacts. It includes questions about grouping organisms in a coral reef ecosystem as biotic and abiotic components, constructing a food web, discussing consequences of no coral reefs and effects of human activities. The passage notes that human activities like coral mining, pollution and overfishing threaten coral reef ecosystems and have accelerated species extinction rates globally. If human impacts continue developing, it predicts living organisms in the ecosystem will die off, become extinct and disrupt the ecosystem balance.
- Albert showed symptoms like diarrhea after drinking milk due to lactose intolerance, which is the inability to digest the sugar lactose found in milk.
- His mother should prepare breakfasts without lactose, such as orange juice, bread, boiled egg, and salad to prevent these symptoms.
- If Albert drank yogurt, he would likely not experience symptoms since the lactose has been pre-digested by microorganisms in the yogurt.
Rangkuman dokumen tersebut dalam 3 kalimat:
Dokumen tersebut membahas soalan biologi tentang proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul, enzim, dan organ tertentu. Ia juga menjelaskan kondisi ketosis dan bagaimana diet rendah karbohidrat dapat memotong berat badan dengan membakar lemak sebagai sumber tenaga daripada karbohidrat.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
(1) Dokumen tersebut membahas soalan-soalan tentang jantung manusia dan perentak jantung buatan;
(2) Septum berfungsi untuk memisahkan darah beroksigen dan terdeoksigen di jantung;
(3) Perentak jantung buatan berfungsi dengan menghasilkan cas elektrik untuk merangsang denyut jantung.
The document discusses the El Niño phenomenon and its effects on ecosystems. It provides background on El Niño, noting that it involves anomalously warm ocean temperatures off the coast of South America that disrupt typical weather patterns across the Pacific. The effects on ecosystems include changes in temperature, precipitation, currents and ocean temperatures that can lead to droughts, floods, fires, famine and disease outbreaks. Suggested measures to minimize impacts include enforcement of open burning laws, awareness campaigns on water conservation, cloud seeding, building water reserves, installing air filtration systems on factories, and educating the public.
The document discusses Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), a respiratory illness caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has since infected over 400 people across 12 countries. Studies show the virus spreads between humans through close contact, but may also transmit to humans from animals like camels, in which the virus has been found in 90% of tested Saudi Arabian camels. The document provides sample exam questions and answers about MERS-CoV transmission, effects on health, similarities to SARS, impact on the immune system, and solutions for eliminating the coronavirus.
Eksperimen ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya terhadap kadar fotosintesis dengan mengubah jarak mentol dari tumbuhan akuatik. Hipotesis ialah semakin bertambah keamatan cahaya, semakin meningkat kadar fotosintesis. Langkah-langkah meliputi penyediaan tumbuhan dan radas, pengukuran panjang gelembung gas dengan mengubah jarak mentol, dan pengiraan kadar fotosintesis.
P represents a cell, Q represents a tissue, and R represents a multicellular organism. Cell K undergoes mitosis to form xylem vessels (S). A woody plant somatic cell has 44 chromosomes. Xylem carries water and minerals from roots to stems and leaves, and has thickened lignin walls and hollow vessels joined end-to-end for strength and transport. S is specialized for its function of transport, whereas K is not specialized.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
(1) Dokumen tersebut berisi soalan-soalan mengenai jantung manusia dan perentak jantung buatan;
(2) Termasuk penjelasan fungsi septum dan nodus sinoatrium dalam jantung;
(3) Juga cara kerja perentak jantung buatan dan implikasi penggunaannya.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan soalan-soalan peperiksaan SPM tahun 2005 hingga 2011 yang berkaitan dengan pergerakan bahan merentas membran plasma. Soalan-soalan ini meliputi proses osmosis, plasmolisis, dan kesan perubahan kepekatan larutan luaran terhadap sel.
Hamster, housing, breeding and management by dr.pavulraj.sPavulraj Selvaraj
This document discusses the production, breeding, and management of laboratory hamsters. It provides details on:
1. Housing requirements for hamsters including appropriate cage sizes, bedding materials, temperature, humidity, and photoperiod.
2. Nutritional requirements of hamsters including suitable diets, feeding methods, and water needs.
3. Breeding of hamsters including sexing, selecting breeding pairs, the estrous cycle, mating/gestation, signs of pregnancy, and caring for pregnant females and newborn pups.
4. General hamster biology such as taxonomy, characteristics, and anatomy.
The cheetah is a large cat that lives in open grasslands and savannas in Africa and Asia. It is tan with black spots and weighs 110-140 pounds. Cheetahs can run up to 70 miles per hour, faster than any other animal. They mainly prey on smaller antelopes like gazelles and impalas. Cheetahs have long, muscular legs and a flexible spine that allows them to run at incredible speeds to catch their prey.
This document discusses sharks and their important role in ocean ecosystems. It defines key terms like ecosystem and food chain. It explains that sharks are apex predators that regulate other marine life populations and keep them healthy by feeding on weak animals. Their removal from the food chain could have negative effects, disrupting the balance of ocean life. The document also provides shark facts, such as their ancient origins and varied sizes, as well as guidelines for group work on a shark-focused lesson.
The document summarizes key aspects of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including his observations that led to his conclusions. It discusses how Darwin proposed that individuals with variations better suited to their environment were more likely to survive and pass on their traits, leading to evolution over generations. The document also reviews early human fossils and ancestors, including Australopithecus afarensis, and how the discovery of fossils like the Laetoli footprints provided evidence that early humans were bipedal.
The document outlines roles for a group project on cheetahs, including the group leader James, time keeper Syazwani, and science and humanities experts Nafisa and Felicia. It then provides information on cheetah anatomy, hunting abilities, reproduction, lifespan, habitat, and conservation efforts to stabilize the declining cheetah population through educating farmers and enforcing anti-poaching laws. The document concludes with reflection questions on cheetah adaptations and values related to focus and perseverance.
1. Mammals are defined as animals that nourish their young with milk, have fur or hair, and are warm-blooded.
2. They have developed complex systems like mammary glands, bones in the middle ear, and an advanced immune system that helps with protection and survival.
3. Mammals have highly developed nervous systems and brains that allow for complex behaviors and responses to their environment.
KELAS 12 SMK PERTEMUAN 1// Report Text Part 1SALAMMACAPAT
1. The document discusses the structure and language features of factual report texts. It provides definitions, purposes, generic structures, and language features.
2. Examples of a factual report on kangaroos are provided, demonstrating the generic structure of general classification and description.
3. Key points about writing factual reports are emphasized, including using general nouns, relating verbs, technical terms, and paragraphs with topic sentences.
The document summarizes the evolution of the horse over 50 million years from Eohippus to modern Equus. Key stages included Mesohippus which lived 38 million years ago in North America and had 3 toes, with the middle toe larger. Merychippus originated 12-6 million years ago and was the first single-toed horse with strong legs to increase speed and power. Pliohippus resembled a pony and lived in the late Miocene period in North America, being considered a direct link to modern Equus horses.
Pelagic Environments and Ecology (3) copyTom Moritz
The document discusses several pelagic predators including sea turtles, albatrosses, sea birds, marine mammals, and elephant seals. It provides details on the life cycles and behaviors of these species, including information on their ranges, habitats, feeding strategies, and population recoveries after historic hunting. Links are included to additional resources on the biology and ecology of these pelagic predators.
The document summarizes a student group project about emus after a zoo trip. It includes:
1) Sections on interesting science, values, and education aspects of emus.
2) Five quiz questions about emus answered during the zoo trip.
3) Reflections from each group member on what they learned and their experience.
4) A group photo.
5) References used in the project.
Eksperimen ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya terhadap kadar fotosintesis dengan mengubah jarak mentol dari tumbuhan akuatik. Hipotesis ialah semakin bertambah keamatan cahaya, semakin meningkat kadar fotosintesis. Langkah-langkah meliputi penyediaan tumbuhan dan radas, pengukuran panjang gelembung gas dengan mengubah jarak mentol, dan pengiraan kadar fotosintesis.
P represents a cell, Q represents a tissue, and R represents a multicellular organism. Cell K undergoes mitosis to form xylem vessels (S). A woody plant somatic cell has 44 chromosomes. Xylem carries water and minerals from roots to stems and leaves, and has thickened lignin walls and hollow vessels joined end-to-end for strength and transport. S is specialized for its function of transport, whereas K is not specialized.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
(1) Dokumen tersebut berisi soalan-soalan mengenai jantung manusia dan perentak jantung buatan;
(2) Termasuk penjelasan fungsi septum dan nodus sinoatrium dalam jantung;
(3) Juga cara kerja perentak jantung buatan dan implikasi penggunaannya.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan soalan-soalan peperiksaan SPM tahun 2005 hingga 2011 yang berkaitan dengan pergerakan bahan merentas membran plasma. Soalan-soalan ini meliputi proses osmosis, plasmolisis, dan kesan perubahan kepekatan larutan luaran terhadap sel.
Hamster, housing, breeding and management by dr.pavulraj.sPavulraj Selvaraj
This document discusses the production, breeding, and management of laboratory hamsters. It provides details on:
1. Housing requirements for hamsters including appropriate cage sizes, bedding materials, temperature, humidity, and photoperiod.
2. Nutritional requirements of hamsters including suitable diets, feeding methods, and water needs.
3. Breeding of hamsters including sexing, selecting breeding pairs, the estrous cycle, mating/gestation, signs of pregnancy, and caring for pregnant females and newborn pups.
4. General hamster biology such as taxonomy, characteristics, and anatomy.
The cheetah is a large cat that lives in open grasslands and savannas in Africa and Asia. It is tan with black spots and weighs 110-140 pounds. Cheetahs can run up to 70 miles per hour, faster than any other animal. They mainly prey on smaller antelopes like gazelles and impalas. Cheetahs have long, muscular legs and a flexible spine that allows them to run at incredible speeds to catch their prey.
This document discusses sharks and their important role in ocean ecosystems. It defines key terms like ecosystem and food chain. It explains that sharks are apex predators that regulate other marine life populations and keep them healthy by feeding on weak animals. Their removal from the food chain could have negative effects, disrupting the balance of ocean life. The document also provides shark facts, such as their ancient origins and varied sizes, as well as guidelines for group work on a shark-focused lesson.
The document summarizes key aspects of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including his observations that led to his conclusions. It discusses how Darwin proposed that individuals with variations better suited to their environment were more likely to survive and pass on their traits, leading to evolution over generations. The document also reviews early human fossils and ancestors, including Australopithecus afarensis, and how the discovery of fossils like the Laetoli footprints provided evidence that early humans were bipedal.
The document outlines roles for a group project on cheetahs, including the group leader James, time keeper Syazwani, and science and humanities experts Nafisa and Felicia. It then provides information on cheetah anatomy, hunting abilities, reproduction, lifespan, habitat, and conservation efforts to stabilize the declining cheetah population through educating farmers and enforcing anti-poaching laws. The document concludes with reflection questions on cheetah adaptations and values related to focus and perseverance.
1. Mammals are defined as animals that nourish their young with milk, have fur or hair, and are warm-blooded.
2. They have developed complex systems like mammary glands, bones in the middle ear, and an advanced immune system that helps with protection and survival.
3. Mammals have highly developed nervous systems and brains that allow for complex behaviors and responses to their environment.
KELAS 12 SMK PERTEMUAN 1// Report Text Part 1SALAMMACAPAT
1. The document discusses the structure and language features of factual report texts. It provides definitions, purposes, generic structures, and language features.
2. Examples of a factual report on kangaroos are provided, demonstrating the generic structure of general classification and description.
3. Key points about writing factual reports are emphasized, including using general nouns, relating verbs, technical terms, and paragraphs with topic sentences.
The document summarizes the evolution of the horse over 50 million years from Eohippus to modern Equus. Key stages included Mesohippus which lived 38 million years ago in North America and had 3 toes, with the middle toe larger. Merychippus originated 12-6 million years ago and was the first single-toed horse with strong legs to increase speed and power. Pliohippus resembled a pony and lived in the late Miocene period in North America, being considered a direct link to modern Equus horses.
Pelagic Environments and Ecology (3) copyTom Moritz
The document discusses several pelagic predators including sea turtles, albatrosses, sea birds, marine mammals, and elephant seals. It provides details on the life cycles and behaviors of these species, including information on their ranges, habitats, feeding strategies, and population recoveries after historic hunting. Links are included to additional resources on the biology and ecology of these pelagic predators.
The document summarizes a student group project about emus after a zoo trip. It includes:
1) Sections on interesting science, values, and education aspects of emus.
2) Five quiz questions about emus answered during the zoo trip.
3) Reflections from each group member on what they learned and their experience.
4) A group photo.
5) References used in the project.
Track and field is a sport comprising running, jumping, and throwing events performed in a stadium with an oval running track and a central grass field. Running events include sprints, middle-distance, and long-distance races held on the track, while jumping and throwing events take place in the central field. The sport has its origins in ancient religious festivals and the first recorded Olympic Games in 776 BCE.
Cheetahs are one of the fastest land animals, capable of running over 100 km/h. They have a spotted coat and long legs that enable quick bursts of speed to chase prey like antelopes weighing around 40kg. While cheetahs can sprint at 65mph, they overheat easily and may abandon the hunt if prey survives the initial chase. Their power lies in using lean bodies and long legs to achieve extraordinary speed for catching food.
Human evolution
1
Classification of Hominins
Kingdom: Animalia
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Anthropoidea
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidea
Subfamily: Homininae
Tribe: Hominini
2
T. Harrison Science 327, 532-534 (2010)
Animalia: depend on intake of living food; do not make their own food
Subphylum: have a bony skeleton with bilateral symmetry
Class: live bearing, mother nurses young, 4 chambered heart, warm blooded, sweat glands, 2 sets of teeth with four kinds of teeth
Order: Generalized arboreal; 5 digits, hands and feet capable of grasping; tendency to erect posture with head balanced on spinal column; reliance on vision rather than smell; 3D vision; nails rather than claws; opposable thumb; extensive bony protection of eyes
Suborder: New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans; are two other primate suborders (prosimians and tarsiers)
Superfamily: short, flat, broad trunk; vertebral column set within rib cage; dorsal scapula & lateral facing shoulder = full rotation of arms; no external tail; specialized dentition
Family: humans, ancestors, & all great apes
Subfamily: humans, ancestors, chimps, & gorillas
Tribe: humans and ancestors
2
What is a Hominin?
Modern humans
Our ancestors
Other species branching off this lineage
First Hominin debate
5 – 10 mya
Earliest Hominin fossils are:
African, ~7 million years old
Very apelike – mosaic of traits
3
At the end of the Miocene, around 6 mya, a new tribe of primates arose: the Hominins.
This family includes modern humans and our extinct ancestors since the divergence from the last common ancestor with chimpanzees.
DNA evidence and protein studies suggest that the last common ancestor to the chimpanzee and human lineages evolved at this time, around 6 mya; however, this evidence does not tell us about what these early ancestors would have looked like
Hominins, members of the taxonomic family Homininae, may be distinguished from the apes by the following anatomical traits: (next slide)
3
Identifying Hominins
Key Hominin traits:
Skeletal traits associated with bipedalism
Changes to the face, teeth, and jaws
Expansion of the brain (encephalization)
Tool-making behavior
4
The identification of hominin fossils depends on some key skeletal traits BUT identifications are not certain in all circumstances. (Why is this the case? Well recall our discussion in class regarding the fossil record for primates…). The key traits we look at are:
- bipedalism
-dental traits
-increased cephalisation, or increased brain size
-a reduced face, also known as a reduction in facial prognathism
-and finally a little bit of culture
It is important to realize that many of these traits evolved in a mosaic fashion. Many of the early hominids that we will be discussing today will not show all of these traits but a subset of them. This can cause controversy in classification, as different researchers emphasize th ...
Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals with hair, live birth, mammary glands, internal temperature regulation, and four-toed limbs. There are three subclasses of mammals defined by how they bear and nourish their young: monotremes lay eggs, marsupials carry young in pouches, and placental mammals carry young in placentas. Mammals are unique in their production of milk to feed their young through mammary glands.
Bipedalism, or walking upright on two legs, is a defining characteristic of hominins and humans. It is thought to have evolved between 4-8 million years ago in early hominin species like Sahelanthropus and Orrorin. Bipedalism required anatomical changes like shorter arms, longer legs, and a repositioned pelvis. It provided advantages like freeing the hands and reducing energy expenditure. However, it also resulted in challenges like increased back and foot problems as well as more difficult childbirth due to a smaller pelvis. While the exact reasons for the evolution of bipedalism are unknown, theories suggest it could have allowed for long distance running, carrying food, or seeing over
This document summarizes the biological and cultural evolution of early humans from Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens. It describes the key differences between biological and cultural evolution, then outlines four main categories of hominids - Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and Homo. Key details are provided on characteristics of Australopithecus species like Afarensis. Homo Habilis and Erectus are introduced as having larger brains and more advanced traits than Australopithecus.
Why I Walk: Or how thinking about evolution made me worry about my health and love to walk
Presentation by Robert Stribley at Fish Talks, Razorfish, NY, Wednesday, August 20, 2014
Running has been a human activity for millions of years. Key events in the history of running include Pheidippides' famous run in 490 BC and the introduction of the marathon event in the 1896 Olympics. There are health benefits to running such as weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and reduced disease risk. Proper running form includes an upright posture, arm movement, and adjusting stride based on distance. Common injuries can result from changes in volume or pace, or from repetitive stress without recovery.
1) The document discusses the migration and habitat choices of white sharks, including their use of pelagic habitats in the subtropical gyre and migration between Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions.
2) Tracking data found that white sharks undertook long distance migrations between coastal regions and spent around half the year in pelagic habitats, suggesting they forage offshore on tuna and other pelagic species.
3) Their migrations and habitat usage may be related to finding food resources, escaping winter conditions, or potentially mating and giving birth, though the reasons for their extensive pelagic migrations are not fully understood.
Dokumen tersebut berisi soalan-soalan mengenai pembiakan dan pertumbuhan pada manusia dan tumbuhan. Soalan-soalan tersebut meliputi proses pembiakan seksual dan aseksual, perkembangan embrio, hormon dan kitar haid, serta pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel dan jaringan pada tumbuhan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang koordinasi dan gerak balas dalam tubuh manusia. Beberapa topik yang dibahas adalah fungsi berbagai bagian otak dan hormon dalam mengatur proses fisiologi seperti kadar gula darah, perkembangan tumbuhan, dan koordinasi gerakan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang respirasi pada manusia, tumbuhan, dan hewan. Termasuk proses respirasi aerobik dan anaerobik, struktur sistem pernafasan berbagai makhluk hidup, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju respirasi.
This document contains a biology exam question and sample answer regarding plasma membranes and cell transport. Part A asks about structures labeled on a plasma membrane diagram and describes active transport. Part B asks about the effect of respiratory poison on transport across the membrane. Part C presents data from a study on red blood cell concentration and asks students to analyze the results and determine isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. The sample answer identifies the labeled structures, explains active transport, discusses the poison's effect on respiration and transport, names the cell as a red blood cell, determines blood plasma concentration is isotonic, and predicts the red blood cell will burst in distilled water due to it being hypotonic.
The document contains questions from past SPM exams related to composition of cells. It discusses the main components of plant cell membranes, which are proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. It also covers carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes and their roles and functions within cells. Some key points include that cellulose is a polysaccharide, protein hydrolysis forms peptides and amino acids, lipids are found in food class Y, enzymes act as catalysts in metabolic reactions and have optimal pH levels and temperatures for activity.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sistem peredaran darah manusia dan hewan lain, termasuk komponen dan fungsi jantung, darah, arteri, vena, dan kapiler. Juga dibahas tentang peredaran darah, tekanan darah, denyut nadi, dan mekanisme pertahanan badan terhadap patogen.
The document summarizes the process of meiosis. Meiosis produces haploid gametes through two nuclear divisions, resulting in four genetically distinct daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes. This ensures genetic variation and maintains the diploid number of chromosomes from one generation to the next. The stages of meiosis I and meiosis II are described, including how homologous chromosomes separate and sister chromatids are distributed into four daughter cells.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. KOLEKSI SOALAN KBAT BIOLOGI 2015
Soalan 12/16
Disediakan oleh Cikgu Azrie
Answer scheme translated by SPM Soalan
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Soalan 12
Cheetah boleh dianggap sebagai haiwan yang berlari terpantas di dunia. Halaju tercatat ialah
96–120 km/h (60–75 mph). Cheetah boleh memecut dari 0 hingga 100 km / h dalam tiga saat.
Ia juga boleh berpusing dan berubah arah pada kelajuan ini. Walaubagaimanapun, kelajuan ini
adalah sangat memeri tekanan pada badan cheetah, selalunya membawa kepada ia perlu
berehat sehingga tiga puluh minit selepas acara pecut dan kadang-kadang ia boleh mula terlalu
panas selepas berjalan hanya 10 saat.
The cheetah can be considered as the world’s fastest land runner animal .It has a recorded
speed of 96–120 km/h (60–75 mph).The cheetah can accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in three
seconds. It can also turn and change direction at these speeds. However, these speeds are
very stressful on the cheetah's body, often leading to it having to rest for up to thirty minutes
after a sprint and sometimes it can start to overheat after running just 10 seconds.
Rajah1.1
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur terperinci dan rangka cheetah
Diagram 1.2 shows the detailed structures and skeleton of the cheetah
Rajah 1.2
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Diagram 1.2
(a)Berdasarkan gambar rajah, cadangkan ciri-ciri penyesuaian yang ada pada cheetah ,bagi
Membolehkan ia menjadi pelari daratan yang paling pantas di dunia
Based on the diagrams , suggest the adaptive features that the cheetah has, to enable it to
be the fastest land runner in the world.
Analisis( 5markah )
Usain St. Leo Bolt nicknamed "Lightning Bolt , born in 21 August 1986 is a Jamaican sprinter is
regarded as the fastest person ever. He is the first man to hold both
the 100 metres and 200 metres world records . Along with his teammates, he also set the world
record in the4×100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events, the
first man to win six Olympic gold medals in sprinting, and an eight-time World champion. His
2009 record breaking margin for 100 m, from 9.69 seconds (his own previous world record) to
9.58 seconds, is his highest achievement.
Usain St Leo Bolt digelar sebagai "Lightning Bolt, lahir pada 21 Ogos 1986 adalah pelari pecut
Jamaica yang dianggap sebagai seorang yang terpantas. Beliau adalah orang yang pertama
yang memegang kedua-dua 100 meter dan 200 meter rekod dunia.Bersama-sama dengan
rakan sepasukan, dia juga mencapai rekod dunia dalam acara berlari berganti. Beliau adalah
juara Olimpik bertahan dalam tiga acara, lelaki pertama yang memenangi enam pingat emas
Olimpik dalam acara pecut, dan juara dunia sebanyak lapan kali. Rekod margin beliau dalam
acara 100 m adalah dari 9.69 saat (rekod dunia sebelum ini beliau sendiri) kepada 9.58 saat,
adalah pencapaian yang terbaik.
Usain St. Leo Bolt
( b )Pada pendapat anda, adakah anda berfikir bahawa Usain St Leo Bolt boleh mencabar
cheetah sebagai pelari pecutan mammalian daratan terpantas di dunia? Tuliskan pendapat
mungkin anda.
In your opinion , do you think that Usain St Leo Bolt can challenge the cheetah to be fastest
land mammal runner in the world? Write your possible opinions.
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Menilai( 5markah )
Cheetah pernah didapati secara meluas di semua kawasan Afrika ,meneruskan ke arah timur
ke Asia dan sejauh ke India . Walaubagaimanapun aktiviti memburu ,kemusnahan habitat, dan
pembunuhan mangsa bermaksud bahawa cheetah kini hanya terdapat di negara-negara terpilih
dengan kepadatan yang tinggi di Afrika. Malangnya, populasi cheetah dianggarkan telah
merosot lebih dari 76 % daripada julat sejarah mereka di benua itu.
The cheetah was once found widely across all of Africa extending eastwards into Asia as far as
India. However hunting, habitat destruction, and loss of prey has meant that cheetah is now only
found in select countries in high density in Africa. Sadly, cheetahs are estimated to have
disappeared from over 76% of their historical range on the continent.
Diagram 1.3 shows the a map ofcurrent and historic distribution of cheetahs
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan satu peta taburan semasa dan bersejarah cheetah
( c ) Based on the current distribution and the historic distribution of cheetahs, can you develop
a proposal on ways how conservation of cheetahs can be done.
Berdasarkan taburan semasa dan pengedaran bersejarah cheetah , bolehkan anda bangunkan
satu cadangan mengenai cara-cara bagaimana pemuliharaan cheetah boleh dilakukan.
Mencipta( 5 markah )
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SkemaPemarkahan
No Criteria Marks
1 a Able to suggest the adaptive features that the cheetah has, to enable
it to be the fastest land runner in the world
Sample answer
Has small head
The head is small and therefore very light
Deep chest
The deep chest makes it able to expand its lungs more and
therefore take in more oxygen during a chase
Streamlined body
Reduce the air resistance
Has a long tail
It works as a balance check when the cheetah is at top speed
Has a flexible vertebral column
Allowing it to have a longer stride when running as it can
space its legs much further apart// which enable it to straighten its
back and stretch fore limb and hindlimbs to a full spread/ then arch
the spine so that the hindlegs reach forwards in advance of the
forelegs
Has small paws
Are light and easily controlled
Has very small teeth
Provides more space ,more oxygen to enter the mouth quickly
Has very strong muscles ( at the hindlimb/ forelimb/vertebral
column )
For contraction and relaxation for the forward/upward thrust
Has an oversized, powerful heart
Able to pump huge amounts of blood
Has extra long eyes
Can get a fast, wide-angle view of their surroundings even at
top speed//any suitale characteristics
Any five
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1b. Able to write the possible opinion on whether Usain St Leo Bolt can
challenge the cheetah to be fastest land mammal in the world
Answer
Usain St Leo Bolt is unable to challenge the cheetah as the fastest
land mammal in the world
Possible opinions
Usain St Leo Bolt best speed is only 9.58 seconds for 100
meters but the cheetah’s speed is 3 seconds for 96–120 km/h
Because Usain St Leo Bolt does not
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have a very flexible vertebral column which can be stretched
and straightened the fore lim and hind limbs / arch the
vertebral column/spine
does not have a very long tail to act as a balance check
does not have a streamline body to reduce the air resistance
does not have a light body weight for the muscles to carry it
does not have a small head /flattened rib cage/long thin legs
/small teeth to reduce the body weigh/mass
does not have an oversized powerful heart pumps huge
amounts of blood / large lungs / nostrils allow for fast and
deep air intake
does not have a very strong skeletal muscle at the fore and
hind limbs allow the animal to achieve a stride of 25 feet (7.6
meters)
only use his two legs for running unlike the cheetah using 4
limbs//any suitable opinions
Any five
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1 c Able to develope a proposal on ways how conservation of cheetahs
can be done.
Sample answer
The proposal may include suggestions as below
Studying the animals in the field to track population trends,
measure the level of human persecution, identify and address
additional threats, and gather other important data
Understanding cheetah behaviour within a natural ecosystem
is an important step for their conservation.
Data obtained on migration patterns, food selection, social
behaviour, population size and hazards such as diseases,
bushfires and poaching helps scientist gain valuable
information on these animals
Developing a cooperative outreach strategy with local
livestock farmers and other land users to reduce the killing of
cheetah;
Working with local schools to educate students about
cheetahs and other native wildlife;
Supporting children’s centers to provide out-of-school
education programs to promote wildlife conservation among
future generations;
Building the capacity of students and community members to
become cheetah conservation leaders; and,
Partnering with suitable agency to strengthen cheetah
protection policies.// or any other suitable proposal
Measures are taken and projects are drawn to sensitize
conversation animal centres, not only in Africa, but also on the
international stage.
Any five
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