The document discusses Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), a respiratory illness caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has since infected over 400 people across 12 countries. Studies show the virus spreads between humans through close contact, but may also transmit to humans from animals like camels, in which the virus has been found in 90% of tested Saudi Arabian camels. The document provides sample exam questions and answers about MERS-CoV transmission, effects on health, similarities to SARS, impact on the immune system, and solutions for eliminating the coronavirus.

1. KOLEKSI SOALAN KBAT BIOLOGI 2015
Soalan 14/16
Disediakan oleh Cikgu Azrie
Answer scheme translated by SPM Soalan
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Soalan14
Sindrom Pernafasan Timur Tengah (MERS) adalah penyakit pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh
virus korona, biasanya dirujuk sebagai Corona virus Sindrom PernafasanTimur Tengah, atau
MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV pertama kali dilaporkan di Arab Saudi pada September 2012. Dalam
kenyataan akhbar yang dikeluarkan pada 2 Mei 2014, Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan (CDC)
Amerika telah mengenal pasti 401 kes yang disahkan jangkitan MERS-CoV di 12 buah negara,
dengan kesemua laporan kes berasal dari Semenanjung Arab. Virus ini merebak dari seorang
ke seorang yang lain melalui hubungan rapat, tetapi mungkin juga merebak kepada manusia
daripada haiwan. Satu kajian ke atas unta dari Arab Saudi diterbitkan pada Disember 2013
mendedahkan kehadiran MERS-CoV dalam 90% daripada unta yang dikaji. Ini menunjukkan
bahawa unta bukan sahaja boleh menjadi takungan utama MERS-CoV, tetapi juga sumber
haiwan bagi MERS.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus,
usually referred to as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, or MERS-CoV.
MERS-CoV was first reported in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. In a press release issued
May 2, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of America identified 401
confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection in 12 countries, with all reported cases originating in
the Arabian Peninsula. The virus spreads from person-to-person through close contact, but
might also be transmitted to humans from animals. A study on camels from Saudi Arabia
published in December 2013 revealed the presence of MERS-CoV in 90% of the evaluated
camels, suggesting that camels not only could be the main reservoir of MERS-CoV, but also the
animal source of MERS.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan virus korona. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan seekor unta.
Diagram 1.1 shows a corona virus. Diagram 1.2 shows a camel.
Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2
Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

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(a) Berikan cadangan anda bagaimana virus ini boleh menyebabkan jangkitan MERS-CoV
di 12 buah negara.
Give your suggestion on how the virus can cause MERS-CoV infection in 12 countries.
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Mencipta( 3markah)
(b) Berikan pendapat anda tentang kesan virus kepada kesihatan seseorang.
Give your opinions on the effect of the virus to the person health.
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Mencipta(3 markah)
(c) Bagaimana MERS-CoVadalah sama dengan Sindrom Pernafasan Akut Yang Teruk,
(SARS)?
How MERS-CoV is similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, (SARS)?
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Analysis (2 markah)
(d) Bolehkah anda terangkan apa yang pasti berlaku kepada system imun apabila
seseorang dijangkiti oleh MERS-CoV.
Can you explain what must have happen to immune system when the person is infected
by MERS-CoV.
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Analisis( 4 marks)
(e) Is there a better solution for eliminate the coronavirus?
Adakah terdapat penyelesaian yang lebih baik untuk menghapuskan corona virus?
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Menilai(2 marks)

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Sample
2
Sample answers Mark
(a)  when a patient has had MERS-CoV, it has then spread to others
who are in close physical contact with the patient
 transmission from infected patients to healthcare personnel
 transmission from the camel to human/ patient by contact
 transmission from the surface of object to human/ patient
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1
1
1
Max 3 m
(b)  patients for MERS-CoV infection if they develop fever
 symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of
breath
 Pneumonia
 Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea
 had organ failure, especially of the kidneys
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1
1
1
1
Max 3 m
(c)  Both are cause by virus
 Both are respiratory illness
 Both are transmitted disease
 Both can be transmit by animal, human, trough touching
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1
1
1
Max 2 m
(d)  virus is pathogen
 third line of body defense is specific defense
 lymphocyte will produce antibody
 to fight against the pathogen/virus
 the amount of antibody must achieve the immunity level
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1
1
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Max 4 m
(e)  eliminate environmental factors that promote the growth of virus
 identify and eliminate the source of infection and routes of exposure
that are still ongoing
 identify and eliminate primary source of infection for humans/camel
 evaluate patients with respiratory symptoms and fever who have
been in contact with a symptomatic recent traveler from this
infected area
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1
1
1
Max 2 m