Speciation is the process by which one gene pool splits into two or more isolated gene pools, eventually resulting in populations that cannot interbreed. There are two types of mechanisms that can drive speciation - geographical isolation, where a physical barrier separates populations experiencing different conditions that lead to genetic changes over time; and reproductive isolation, where barriers like differences in mating behaviors, habitats, or reproductive organs prevent interbreeding between populations.

1. Speciation is the formation of
a new Species. It is the
process whereby one gene
pool gives rise to more than
one gene pool. It eventually
creates offspring that can not
breed to produce fertile
offspring. Part of population
becomes isolated.
Isolated populations
experience different
conditions.
Natural selection will
change the genotype
and phenotypes.
This will continue to the
point where the two
can not interbreed.
There are two types of isolating
mechanisms. These are
Geographical Isolation
(Allopatric) and Reproductive
Isolation (Sympatric).
GEOGRAPHICAL
A physical barrier
such as a river
separates two
populations originally
from same gene pool.
Different conditions
and mutations change
the genes, each will
now have different
REPRODUCTIVE
This can occur as
Seasonal Isolation
(timing of sexual
receptiveness might be
different), Ecological
Isolation ( two
populations may live in
same area but in
different habitats),
Behavioral Isolation
(Mutation in courtship
display) or Mechanical
Isolation (Mutation may
alter genitalia making it
impossible to mate.