During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, diverge.pdf
•
0 likes•2 views
During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, divergence between populations occurs. Sometimes, before speciation is complete, the two diverging populations come back into contact (the barrier no longer keeps them apart). When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, divergence between populations occurs. Sometimes, before speciation is complete, the two diverging populations come back into contact (the barrier no longer keeps them apart). When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. Solution Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species gets isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. This results in the evolution of new species in geographic isolation from its ancestor. Isolation of populations leading to allopatric speciation can occur in a variety of ways: a river forming a new branch, erosion forming a new valley, a group of organisms traveling to a new location without the ability to return, or seeds floating over the ocean to an island. The nature of the geographic separation necessary to isolate populations depends entirely on the biology of the organism and its potential for dispersal. If two flying insect populations took up residence in separate nearby valleys, chances are, individuals from each population would fly back and forth continuing gene flow. However, if two rodent populations became divided by the formation of a new lake, continued gene flow would be unlikely; therefore, speciation would be more likely. Character displacement refers to the phenomenon where differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur but are minimized or lost where the species’ distributions do not overlap. This pattern results from evolutionary change driven by competition among species for a limited resource (e.g. food). When two populations which have been kept apart, come back into contact, the reproductive isolation between them might be complete or incomplete. If it is complete, speciation has occurred. If it is incomplete, hybrids would be produced. If the hybrids had lower fitness than either parental form, selection would act to increase the reproductive isolation because each form would do better not to mate with the other and form the disadvantageous hybrids. Speciation might then be speeded up by favoring genes which caused individuals to avoid mating with hybrids..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation..pdf
Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Which is more common?
How do they typically take place? Outline the steps/process of each. Give a least one example of
each.
Solution
5).
Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological
populations of the same species become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed
by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of
island populations.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according
to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric
speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers
that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on
availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters..
Running head Speciation in a population. .docx
Running head: Speciation in a population. 1
Speciation in a population 2
Sean Bradley
12/3/2014
Phase 2 Individual Project
Course: SCI203-1404B-16
Instructor: Rhonda McBride
What would happen if a species within a population were suddenly split into 2 groups by an earthquake that creates a physical barrier like a canyon?
If a species within a population is faced with a physical barrier such as an earthquake that renders their re-engagement with the population impossible, the organism would be prompted to adapt to the new habitat or circumstance. A population refers to the total sum of species in a given geographical area that live together and are capable of interbreeding. If this population is split, this process is called speciation and has the effect of causing the organisms to restructure their existential means in the new surroundings.
Speciation is the process by which an organism adapts to a newly acquired habitat by virtue of being forced to be present in that habitat either by natural occurrences or by reason of evolution. When an organism is shifted from its previous habitat to a new habitat, it has to find ways and means to adapt to the surrounding. It may achieve this by adapting enhanced or changed physical characteristics. Additionally, the species may change their breeding habits and this may ultimately lead to the development and evolution of two distinct organisms of the same species.
Speciation may take different forms. There is the allopatric speciation that occurs when the species in a given population are separated by a physical barrier. This physical separation makes it difficult for the organisms to breed with the members of the former population. Secondly, paripatric speciation takes place when a small number of species in a population dissociates from the main population in a manner similar to the allopatric speciation. The difference between allopatric and paripatric speciation is the fact that in allopatric speciation, the dissociation takes an almost equal number while in paripatric speciation there is a larger group and a smaller group when the dissociation takes place. When paripatric speciation occurs, the defining characteristics of the organisms are passed on to the future breeds and which serve to differentiate them from the other species of the same kind. Thirdly, there is the sympatric speciation which is distinguished by the emergence of new breeds of a species without having any dissociation or geographical barriers in a population. Lastly there is the artificial speciation which refers to the creation of new species and breeds through scientific means.
Reference being made to the discussion above, when organisms are split into two groups by a physical barrier, this could take the nature of an allopatric or paripatric speciation. Consequently, the following would happen t.
Loss of genetic diversity
Impact of Environment on Loss of Genetic Diversity and Speciation
Genetic variation describes naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals of the same species. This variation permits flexibility and survival of a population in the face of changing environmental circumstances. Consequently, genetic variation is often considered an advantage, as it is a form of preparation for the unexpected. But how does genetic variation increase or decrease? And what effect do fluctuations in genetic variation have on populations over time?
Recommended
Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation..pdf
Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Which is more common?
How do they typically take place? Outline the steps/process of each. Give a least one example of
each.
Solution
5).
Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological
populations of the same species become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed
by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of
island populations.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according
to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric
speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers
that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on
availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters..
Running head Speciation in a population. .docx
Running head: Speciation in a population. 1
Speciation in a population 2
Sean Bradley
12/3/2014
Phase 2 Individual Project
Course: SCI203-1404B-16
Instructor: Rhonda McBride
What would happen if a species within a population were suddenly split into 2 groups by an earthquake that creates a physical barrier like a canyon?
If a species within a population is faced with a physical barrier such as an earthquake that renders their re-engagement with the population impossible, the organism would be prompted to adapt to the new habitat or circumstance. A population refers to the total sum of species in a given geographical area that live together and are capable of interbreeding. If this population is split, this process is called speciation and has the effect of causing the organisms to restructure their existential means in the new surroundings.
Speciation is the process by which an organism adapts to a newly acquired habitat by virtue of being forced to be present in that habitat either by natural occurrences or by reason of evolution. When an organism is shifted from its previous habitat to a new habitat, it has to find ways and means to adapt to the surrounding. It may achieve this by adapting enhanced or changed physical characteristics. Additionally, the species may change their breeding habits and this may ultimately lead to the development and evolution of two distinct organisms of the same species.
Speciation may take different forms. There is the allopatric speciation that occurs when the species in a given population are separated by a physical barrier. This physical separation makes it difficult for the organisms to breed with the members of the former population. Secondly, paripatric speciation takes place when a small number of species in a population dissociates from the main population in a manner similar to the allopatric speciation. The difference between allopatric and paripatric speciation is the fact that in allopatric speciation, the dissociation takes an almost equal number while in paripatric speciation there is a larger group and a smaller group when the dissociation takes place. When paripatric speciation occurs, the defining characteristics of the organisms are passed on to the future breeds and which serve to differentiate them from the other species of the same kind. Thirdly, there is the sympatric speciation which is distinguished by the emergence of new breeds of a species without having any dissociation or geographical barriers in a population. Lastly there is the artificial speciation which refers to the creation of new species and breeds through scientific means.
Reference being made to the discussion above, when organisms are split into two groups by a physical barrier, this could take the nature of an allopatric or paripatric speciation. Consequently, the following would happen t.
Loss of genetic diversity
Impact of Environment on Loss of Genetic Diversity and Speciation
Genetic variation describes naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals of the same species. This variation permits flexibility and survival of a population in the face of changing environmental circumstances. Consequently, genetic variation is often considered an advantage, as it is a form of preparation for the unexpected. But how does genetic variation increase or decrease? And what effect do fluctuations in genetic variation have on populations over time?
Loss of genetic diversity
Impact of Environment on Loss of Genetic Diversity and Speciation
Genetic variation describes naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals of the same species. This variation permits flexibility and survival of a population in the face of changing environmental circumstances. Consequently, genetic variation is often considered an advantage, as it is a form of preparation for the unexpected. But how does genetic variation increase or decrease? And what effect do fluctuations in genetic variation have on populations over time?
Pleomorphism and biological speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species
4). The three types of speciation models are,a). Allopatric specia.pdf
4). The three types of speciation models are,
a). Allopatric speciation
b). Sympatric speciation
c). Parapatric speciation models
Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new
favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of
adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and
physiological traits.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according
to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric
speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers
that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on
availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters.
By observing the differences in gene pool of two different species (by the analysis of genetic
drift and recombination), we can tell the factors that led to speciation.
Parapatric speciation is also a rare type of speciation which occurs due to the extreme changes in
the habitat, but not due to physical barriers.
Most evolutionary biologists such as Darwin agreed with the existence of allopatric speciation.
Charles Darwin was the initial scientist to elucidate the eminent role of natural selection in
speciation.
Natural speciation and Darwin observations:
Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, \"other\" + Greek patra, \"fatherland\") or
geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological populations of the same species
become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos
finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of island populations.
Solution
4). The three types of speciation models are,
a). Allopatric speciation
b). Sympatric speciation
c). Parapatric speciation models
Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new
favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of
adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and
physiological traits.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve acco.
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes...
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes of Speciation Speciation-Gradual and additive mechanism Speciation Types@ Allopatric Pperipatric Parapatric and Sympatric with examples
Modern Biology Chapter 16 (JOSHUA)
I hope this could help your research .. this web helped me once.. :]
Species concept
To determine the variation and the limitation between species, many concepts have been proposed.
When a taxonomist study a particular taxa, he/she must adopted a species concept and provide a species limitation to define this taxa.
Plant kingdom as other living kingdoms has a hierarchy structure ends mostly with species rank.
Species are one of the basic units to compare in almost all fields of biology.
A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using sexual reproduction.
Definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually.
If two lineages of oak look quite different, but occasionally form hybrids with each other, should we count them as different species?
Idea of a species is something that we humans invented for our own convenience.
‘‘No matter what variations occur in the individuals or the species, if they spring from the seed of one and the same plant, they are accidental variations and not such as distinguish a species permanently; one species never springs from the seed of another nor vice versa” - JOHN RAY.
Used a sexual system ‘‘natural system” for defining species - LINNAEUS.
‘‘A species is a collection of all the individuals which resemble each other more than they resemble anything else, which can by natural fecundation produce fertile individuals, and which reproduce themselves by generation, in such a manner that we may from analogy suppose them all to have sprung from one single individual” - DE CANDOLLE.
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric spe.pdf
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation? The isolated
population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population Different
mutations begin to manifest in the gene pools of the separated populations The separated
population is small, and genetic drift occurs. There is high gene flow between the two
populations A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.
Solution
Ans: There is high gene flow between the tow population is not contribute to allopatric
speciation.
In allopatric speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations due to
formation of a barrier between portions of a population.The isolated populations then experience
differentiating genotypic and phenotypic divergence as a result of different selective pressures in
their differing environments. Additionally, genetic drift will occur differently, eventually
differentiating the population’s genotypes and phenotypes. The separated populations will also
experience different mutations that may persist differently in their respective environments. The
each population have evolved differently to an extent that they remain isolated because changes
are too great to enable genetic mixing through sexual reproduction. Allopatric speciation is not
necessarily precluded if some individuals from one group cross the barrier and mate with
members of the other group. In other words, allopatric speciation can occur if gene flow between
groups is greatly reduced, but not entirely eliminated..
Mechanism of speciation
The process by which a new species develops from the existing species is known as speciation.
Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.
A species can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
When populations no longer interbreed, they are thought to be separate species.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, Parapatric, and sympatric.
Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments.
Allopatric speciation: It is regarded as the most common type of speciation. It involves the physical separation of a species into two groups. This may occur due to climatic changes, movement of tectonic plates leading to the fragmentation of a mass of land, or eruption of a land mass, formation of waterways, or due to the presence of an impassable mountain range.
Parapatric mode of speciation: It occurs due to partial spatial isolation of populations, and is characterized by a small overlap in their ranges as well as significant gene flow amongst the populations. However, the gene flow reduces due to changes in the local conditions, and the two populations become reproductively isolated.
Sympatric mode of speciation: It involves the formation of new species due to a genetic divergence among a few members of the species inhabiting a single geographic area. Unlike the other modes of speciation, here genetic divergence does not arise due to increase in geographic distance, but occurs within the same niche.
Peripatric speciation was Proposed by Ernst Mayr. In this type of speciation, a small group of members inhabiting a peripheral region of the range undergo reproductive isolation to form a new species. Many a time, it is considered to be a variation of allopatric speciation.
can someone proofread this for meAs a child, I used to watch T.V..pdf
can someone proofread this for me?
As a child, I used to watch T.V. all the time, and found myself fascinated by not only the stories
but the movement of the characters. I would find myself watching different things the characters
would do and wonder how they were able to make my favorite characters do all the crazy things.
That curiosity continues to this day, and is able to bring me so much joy. To be able to bring
things to life that I create is part of the reason that I love animation. The thought that I could
actually go to school and learn something that I love did not occur to me right away. Right out of
high school, I joined the Marine Corps, and spent much of my time in Okinawa, Japan. While
my job did not pertain to anything with computers, I was surrounded by the creativity of the
Japanese people. I was given a chance to go to Tokyo and explore the city. This only served to
inspire me even more, and to decide that it was something that animation was something I
wanted to do. Getting out of the Marines and getting back into school has been a bit of a rough
start. Trying to relearn math and science has been a bit of a struggle, the only thing so far that I
have exceeded greatly in, is the animation class here at the University of Iowa. I feel like while
those classes are important, I don’t feel that some of my scores in classes such as chemistry are a
good reflection of my dedication to my studies. My current animation teacher, Peter
Chanthanakone, has been someone I could look up to, and has helped guide me so far. He helped
encourage me to pursue this dream I have of becoming an animator. I greatly value getting an
education because without it, I will never really be given a chance to work in a place that
growing up brought me so much happiness.
Solution
Trying to relearn math and science has been a bit of a struggle,;the only thing so far that I have
exceeded greatly in, is the animation class here at the University of Iowa
My current animation teacher, Peter Chanthanakone, has been someone I could look up to, and
has helped guide
guided me so far.
He helped encourage me to pursue this dream I have of becoming an animator.
I greatly value getting an this education because without it..
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and acc.pdf
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and accessories in The Mineral Act
50 of 1991?
Solution
The purpose of this act is to regulate the prospecting for and the optimal expoitation , processing
and utiisation of mineras ; to reguate the orderly utilization and the rehabiliation of the land
surface during and after prospecting and mining operations.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER III AUTHORIZATION TO PROSPECT AND TO MINE
CHAPTER IV OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF MINERALS
CHAPTER V SAFETY AND HEALTH
CHAPTER VI REHABILITATION OF SURFACE
The rehabilitation of the surface of land in any prospecting or mining shall be carried out by the
holder of the prospecting permit or mining authorization concerned in accordance with the
environmental management programme or/and as an integral part of the prospecting or mining
operations concerned.
The holder of the prospecting permit or mining authorization concerned must submit an
environmental management programme in respect of the surface of land concerned in any
prospecting or mining operations or such intended operations.
In order to limit any damage to or the disturbance of the surface, vegetation, environment or
water sources to the minimum, the Director: Mineral Development may issue directives and
determine conditions in relation to the use of the surface of land comprising the subject of any
prospecting permit or mining authorization
CHAPTER VII TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER VIII GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
More Related Content
Similar to During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, diverge.pdf
Loss of genetic diversity
Impact of Environment on Loss of Genetic Diversity and Speciation
Genetic variation describes naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals of the same species. This variation permits flexibility and survival of a population in the face of changing environmental circumstances. Consequently, genetic variation is often considered an advantage, as it is a form of preparation for the unexpected. But how does genetic variation increase or decrease? And what effect do fluctuations in genetic variation have on populations over time?
Pleomorphism and biological speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species
4). The three types of speciation models are,a). Allopatric specia.pdf
4). The three types of speciation models are,
a). Allopatric speciation
b). Sympatric speciation
c). Parapatric speciation models
Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new
favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of
adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and
physiological traits.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according
to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric
speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers
that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on
availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters.
By observing the differences in gene pool of two different species (by the analysis of genetic
drift and recombination), we can tell the factors that led to speciation.
Parapatric speciation is also a rare type of speciation which occurs due to the extreme changes in
the habitat, but not due to physical barriers.
Most evolutionary biologists such as Darwin agreed with the existence of allopatric speciation.
Charles Darwin was the initial scientist to elucidate the eminent role of natural selection in
speciation.
Natural speciation and Darwin observations:
Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, \"other\" + Greek patra, \"fatherland\") or
geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological populations of the same species
become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos
finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of island populations.
Solution
4). The three types of speciation models are,
a). Allopatric speciation
b). Sympatric speciation
c). Parapatric speciation models
Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new
favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of
adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and
physiological traits.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve acco.
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes...
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes of Speciation Speciation-Gradual and additive mechanism Speciation Types@ Allopatric Pperipatric Parapatric and Sympatric with examples
Modern Biology Chapter 16 (JOSHUA)
I hope this could help your research .. this web helped me once.. :]
Species concept
To determine the variation and the limitation between species, many concepts have been proposed.
When a taxonomist study a particular taxa, he/she must adopted a species concept and provide a species limitation to define this taxa.
Plant kingdom as other living kingdoms has a hierarchy structure ends mostly with species rank.
Species are one of the basic units to compare in almost all fields of biology.
A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using sexual reproduction.
Definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually.
If two lineages of oak look quite different, but occasionally form hybrids with each other, should we count them as different species?
Idea of a species is something that we humans invented for our own convenience.
‘‘No matter what variations occur in the individuals or the species, if they spring from the seed of one and the same plant, they are accidental variations and not such as distinguish a species permanently; one species never springs from the seed of another nor vice versa” - JOHN RAY.
Used a sexual system ‘‘natural system” for defining species - LINNAEUS.
‘‘A species is a collection of all the individuals which resemble each other more than they resemble anything else, which can by natural fecundation produce fertile individuals, and which reproduce themselves by generation, in such a manner that we may from analogy suppose them all to have sprung from one single individual” - DE CANDOLLE.
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric spe.pdf
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation? The isolated
population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population Different
mutations begin to manifest in the gene pools of the separated populations The separated
population is small, and genetic drift occurs. There is high gene flow between the two
populations A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.
Solution
Ans: There is high gene flow between the tow population is not contribute to allopatric
speciation.
In allopatric speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations due to
formation of a barrier between portions of a population.The isolated populations then experience
differentiating genotypic and phenotypic divergence as a result of different selective pressures in
their differing environments. Additionally, genetic drift will occur differently, eventually
differentiating the population’s genotypes and phenotypes. The separated populations will also
experience different mutations that may persist differently in their respective environments. The
each population have evolved differently to an extent that they remain isolated because changes
are too great to enable genetic mixing through sexual reproduction. Allopatric speciation is not
necessarily precluded if some individuals from one group cross the barrier and mate with
members of the other group. In other words, allopatric speciation can occur if gene flow between
groups is greatly reduced, but not entirely eliminated..
Mechanism of speciation
The process by which a new species develops from the existing species is known as speciation.
Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.
A species can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
When populations no longer interbreed, they are thought to be separate species.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, Parapatric, and sympatric.
Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments.
Allopatric speciation: It is regarded as the most common type of speciation. It involves the physical separation of a species into two groups. This may occur due to climatic changes, movement of tectonic plates leading to the fragmentation of a mass of land, or eruption of a land mass, formation of waterways, or due to the presence of an impassable mountain range.
Parapatric mode of speciation: It occurs due to partial spatial isolation of populations, and is characterized by a small overlap in their ranges as well as significant gene flow amongst the populations. However, the gene flow reduces due to changes in the local conditions, and the two populations become reproductively isolated.
Sympatric mode of speciation: It involves the formation of new species due to a genetic divergence among a few members of the species inhabiting a single geographic area. Unlike the other modes of speciation, here genetic divergence does not arise due to increase in geographic distance, but occurs within the same niche.
Peripatric speciation was Proposed by Ernst Mayr. In this type of speciation, a small group of members inhabiting a peripheral region of the range undergo reproductive isolation to form a new species. Many a time, it is considered to be a variation of allopatric speciation.
Similar to During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, diverge.pdf (20)
4). The three types of speciation models are,a). Allopatric specia.pdf
4). The three types of speciation models are,a). Allopatric specia.pdf
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes...
Speciation Contents History Key Components of the Concept of Speciation Modes...
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric spe.pdf
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to allopatric spe.pdf
More from aminbijal86
can someone proofread this for meAs a child, I used to watch T.V..pdf
can someone proofread this for me?
As a child, I used to watch T.V. all the time, and found myself fascinated by not only the stories
but the movement of the characters. I would find myself watching different things the characters
would do and wonder how they were able to make my favorite characters do all the crazy things.
That curiosity continues to this day, and is able to bring me so much joy. To be able to bring
things to life that I create is part of the reason that I love animation. The thought that I could
actually go to school and learn something that I love did not occur to me right away. Right out of
high school, I joined the Marine Corps, and spent much of my time in Okinawa, Japan. While
my job did not pertain to anything with computers, I was surrounded by the creativity of the
Japanese people. I was given a chance to go to Tokyo and explore the city. This only served to
inspire me even more, and to decide that it was something that animation was something I
wanted to do. Getting out of the Marines and getting back into school has been a bit of a rough
start. Trying to relearn math and science has been a bit of a struggle, the only thing so far that I
have exceeded greatly in, is the animation class here at the University of Iowa. I feel like while
those classes are important, I don’t feel that some of my scores in classes such as chemistry are a
good reflection of my dedication to my studies. My current animation teacher, Peter
Chanthanakone, has been someone I could look up to, and has helped guide me so far. He helped
encourage me to pursue this dream I have of becoming an animator. I greatly value getting an
education because without it, I will never really be given a chance to work in a place that
growing up brought me so much happiness.
Solution
Trying to relearn math and science has been a bit of a struggle,;the only thing so far that I have
exceeded greatly in, is the animation class here at the University of Iowa
My current animation teacher, Peter Chanthanakone, has been someone I could look up to, and
has helped guide
guided me so far.
He helped encourage me to pursue this dream I have of becoming an animator.
I greatly value getting an this education because without it..
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and acc.pdf
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and accessories in The Mineral Act
50 of 1991?
Solution
The purpose of this act is to regulate the prospecting for and the optimal expoitation , processing
and utiisation of mineras ; to reguate the orderly utilization and the rehabiliation of the land
surface during and after prospecting and mining operations.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER III AUTHORIZATION TO PROSPECT AND TO MINE
CHAPTER IV OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF MINERALS
CHAPTER V SAFETY AND HEALTH
CHAPTER VI REHABILITATION OF SURFACE
The rehabilitation of the surface of land in any prospecting or mining shall be carried out by the
holder of the prospecting permit or mining authorization concerned in accordance with the
environmental management programme or/and as an integral part of the prospecting or mining
operations concerned.
The holder of the prospecting permit or mining authorization concerned must submit an
environmental management programme in respect of the surface of land concerned in any
prospecting or mining operations or such intended operations.
In order to limit any damage to or the disturbance of the surface, vegetation, environment or
water sources to the minimum, the Director: Mineral Development may issue directives and
determine conditions in relation to the use of the surface of land comprising the subject of any
prospecting permit or mining authorization
CHAPTER VII TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER VIII GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
All of the following would require use of the equity method for inve.pdf
All of the following would require use of the equity method for investments except:
Multiple Choice
a. Material intra-entity transactions.
b. Investor participation in the policy-making process of the investee.
c. Valuation at fair value.
d. Technological dependency.
e. Interchange of managerial personnel.
Solution
(C) Valuation at fair value is not require the use of equity method for investments,
And all other ,i.e. material intra entity transactions, Investor participation in the policy making
process of the investee, technological dependency, Interchange of managerial personnel are
reuire the use of equity method for investments..
A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms t.pdf
A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms that help to distinguish
cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes.
Solution
Cancerous lymph nodes VS infected lymph nodes:
If the selling in the lymph node is temporary it is due to infection but if it lasts it and is sustained
that biopsy and Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can tell if the swelling i.e. enlargement is
due to infection or cancer. The contrast-enhanced ultrasonography suggests metastatic lesions as
defective shadows will be seen enlarged cancerous lymph nodes. In case of inflammation-
induced enlargement contrast imaging shows; comparatively uniform staining but the staining is
non-uniform in chronic-phase lymph nodes..
Bell & Porter has the following average times (in hours) Inspecting .pdf
Bell & Porter has the following average times (in hours): Inspecting product Manufacturing
product Storing inventory Transporting product 2.30 7.50 2.35 6.15 Required: Calculate the
manufacturing cycle efficiency. Manufacturing cyl fficon
Solution
Manufacturing cycle efficiency = Processing time / (Processing time + Moving time + Storing
time + Inspection time)
= 7.50 hrs / (7.50 hrs. + 6.15 hrs. + 2.35 hrs. + 2.30 hrs.)
= 41%.
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured A. Later.pdf
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
A. Lateral
B. Middle
C. Medial
D. Superior
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
A. Lateral
B. Middle
C. Medial
D. Superior
A. Lateral
B. Middle
C. Medial
D. Superior
Solution
Clavicle fracture is also called the collarbone fracture. The most common ite for the collarbone
fracture is at the junction of the medial two-thirds and the lateral one-third. So, the most
appropriat eanswer is medial part of the clavicle..
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the National Bureau of .pdf
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER)?
a) The committee\'s deliberations are not public.
b) Various methodologies are used by committee members.
c) The lag in NBER\'s decisions render them less than useful to policymakers.
d) Committee members are not prominent economists.
Solution
Answer-d
The members of NBER are Nobel memorial prize winners and have been famous economists
like Joseph stiglitz,Groege Akerlof etc..
When working with communications, is it more important to detect or .pdf
When working with communications, is it more important to detect or control errors and why is
this the case?
Solution
In communication network, the importance of error control and detecion is as follow:
The error control purpose is the make sure the reciever gets the same information send by the
sender only.Since communication channel is unreliable error control plays impoetant role. Error
control often involves identofications of errors or corrections of data.
Error Detection:
We have different error detection schemes,which allows to identiy the error. The detectionof
error usually depends on the error type,type of transmission. such as single bit errors or burst
errors(continous bit) .
Some of the widely used error-detecting codes are the parity, block sum check, and the cyclic
redundancy check codes..
Which of the following are principles of the AICPA Code of Professio.pdf
Which of the following are principles of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct? (Mark all
that apply)
Conservatism
Integrity
Due Care
Objectivity and Independence
Conservatism
Integrity
Due Care
Objectivity and Independence
Solution
The Correct Answer would be Integrity, Due Care, Objectivity and Independence
Integrity - As users of the financial statements rely on financial statements audited by the auditor.
The auditor must maintain highest integrity while discharging his duties.Integrity requires the
member to maintian client confidentiality. The information gained through the course of
discharging his duties must not be disclosed to anyone except with prior permission of his client
or when the law or regulations require disclosure of such information. He should not look for his
personal interest over the interest of the public.The members are also required to observe the
principles of Objectivity and Due Care.
Due Care : A member should be due dilligent and must not be grossly negligent while
performing his professional duties. He should abide the professional and ethical standards and he
should continously work towards improving the quality of services provided by him. While
performing an professional activity the member must make a proper plan to perform such
activity and he should continously monitor the activities.He should discharge his duties as a
member to the best of his ability.
Objectivity and Independence - A member performing services must remain independent at all
times during the course of such services. The principle of Objectivity requires the member to be
impartial, intellectually honest and free of conflicts on interest. Independence enhances the
member\'s ability to act with integrity to be objective and maintain an attitude of professional
skepticsm. A member in practice shall continously assess the relationship with client and public
responsibility as required by the principles of Objectivity and Independence.The members who
are not in practice must maintain objectivity while rendering professional services..
Thouhgts on the future of information technology (IT) software secur.pdf
Thouhgts on the future of information technology (IT) software security developments and the
outlook for InfoSec professionals.
Ch14
Solution
Information technology is one of major part in computer science, wherein the major concern is
about IT security, the computer attacks were increased in last few decades’ .The secure future of
Information technology is protecting the networks and cyber security.
Now-a-days majority people were using internet where security is major concern for every
person and Identity theft is one the concern wherein the intruder will stole the information such
as the credit card numbers, Pin’s and social security number and online bank accounts, date of
birth. These hackers will sell the information of the person to third party vendors. Using the
information financial crimes were happening like credit card frauds and accessing online bank
accounts.
Trojan program like Zeus attacked the U.S dept. of transportaion.Zues has different forms and it
was ligitametly used by the criminals for financial attacks and stealing the protected storage
.downloads and executes the arbitrary programs. It automatically redirects the victim to different
site and takes control of web pages and stealing the information
Phishing is a form of fraud in which the attacker tries to learn information such as login
credentials or account information by masquerading as a reputable entity or person in email, IM
or other communication. Channels. Attacks like black hat hacking and attacking the social media
sites by creating a clone of website, whenever the user enters the personal information the
information emailed to them. Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to
deceive users, and exploits the poor usability of current web security technologies.
Cyber security have to be improve a lot and white hat hackers will analyse where security
breaches may occur or have occurred, and repair or strengthen systems against such breaches.
Information security specialists and security experts have to be motivated as it is one of the
major fields for any country. The ability, efficiency must be increased to stop the breaches and
protect the future of information security..
Two of the following ions depend on their conversion into a gas .pdf
Two of the following ions depend on their conversion into a gas for detection. What are the 2
ions? The two ions will form an ionic compound. What are the formulas and name of the
compound?
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ NH4+ Cl- Br- I- PO43- SO42- CO32-
Two of the following ions depend on their conversion into a gas for detection. What are the 2
ions? The two ions will form an ionic compound. What are the formulas and name of the
compound?
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ NH4+ Cl- Br- I- PO43- SO42- CO32-
Solution
I- and NH4+.
The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) demonstrated in the experimen.pdf
The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) demonstrated in the experiment with the tobacco mosaic
virus is possible due to signals sent:
Question 2 options:
through the air
through the xylem
along the leaf surface
through the phloem
through the air
through the xylem
along the leaf surface
through the phloem
Solution
Answer: through the phloem
Explanation:
Several studies have shown that the establishment of SAR involves the generation and transport
of signals via phloem to the uninfected distal tissues.
One implication of the Lyon hypothesis was that adult females would b.pdf
One implication of the Lyon hypothesis was that adult females would be ___ with ___ alleles
functioning in ___ cells. genetic mosaics, same, all genetic mosaics, different, different
genetically identical, different, different genetically identical, same, all
Solution
ans- genetic mosaics,different,different
In genetics mosaic refers to a term which explains the presence of two or more cells population
with different genotypes in an individual developed from a single fertilized egg..
the problems of vietnam in communication during international busine.pdf
the problems of vietnam in communication during international business actives
Solution
The main problems that doing International business activities is vietnam is that there the laws
are too rigid that it is difficult is settin g up a business in vietnam where getting a land ,
electricity , investors etc is a big problem and it is very difficult.
There is lack of infrastruture which is also one major problem as to start a business we have to
develop that infrastructure which is not possible.
The culture of these people quite different where sometimes it is difficult to adapt to their culture
of work.
Corruption is also another problem in Vietnam.
Taxes in vietnam are very high which is also one major problem..
The first signs of niacin deficiency are all of the following EXCEPT .pdf
The first signs of niacin deficiency are all of the following EXCEPT dermatitis anorexia
indigestion weakness
Solution
Answer is dermatitis
The early stage signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency are
Weakness
Headache
Indigestion,
Anorexia,
Fatigue,
Headache
Mild skin eruptions,
Backache
Weight loss.
Only in the advanced stage, the person will get scaly dermatitis. So dermatitis is not the early
sign of niacin deficiency..
The Ba(s) gets formed after reductionBa2+ + 2e- -- Ba(s) which is.pdf
The Ba(s) gets formed after reduction
Ba2+ + 2e- --> Ba(s) which is at cathode (negative electrode)
2I- --> I2(s) + 2e- which is at anode (positive electrode)
Do not understand why this is wrong when I say Ba(s) is formed at negative electrode and I2(s)
is formed at postive electrode.
Solution
the ba2+ ions will migrate to the cathode to gain electrons and convert themselves to Ba(s)
and I- will migrate to the positive electrode to form I2.
so you are correct
since you will also get the E cell >0.
Submit a 2-3 page paper addressing each of the following 1.Define .pdf
Submit a 2-3 page paper addressing each of the following: 1.Define \"air transportation
industry\" and distinguish between certificated air carriers and general aviation. 2.Discuss one
argument in favor and one opposed to U.S. airline deregulation in 1978.
Solution
Air transportation industry is a sub sector of the warehouse and transportation industry. Air
transportation refers to the transport between interstate. This industry provides transportation of
both the passengers as well as cargo. Air transportation industry utilizes helicopters, aircrafts as
well as airplanes to transport the cargo and passengers.
This sector has two types of transportation scheduled as well as unscheduled transportation. The
scheduled air carriers follow regular schedules and have specified route. The unscheduled
carriers fly at non-peak time slots.
Difference between certified air carriers and general aviation is elaborated below:
2.
The Airline deregulation act was incorporated on 24th October 1978 by the US Federal law. This
act is prepared to remove the control of US government over the routes, fares and entry of new
airlines in the industry.
This act helped to increase the number of passengers travelling on US airlines. Besides this it
also help to reduce the price of plane ticket irrespective of inflation. It also raised concerns about
the safety in aviation industry.
However this act also involves certain downsides. One of the major disadvantages of this act
includes the increasing dominance of few major carriers over the industry..
Nessus is a network security toolIn a pragraph describe the tool’s.pdf
Nessus is a network security tool
In a pragraph describe the tool’s features, what it provides?
Note: provide relaiblerefrences for your answer.
Solution
What is Nessus?
Nessus is a remote security scanning tool, which scans a computer and raises an alert if it
discovers
any vulnerabilities that malicious hackers could use to gain access to any computer you have
connected to a network.
It does this by running over 1200 checks on a given computer, testing to see if any of these
attacks could be used
to break into the computer or otherwise harm it.
Who would use a tool like this?
If you are an administrator in charge of any computer (or group of computers) connected to the
internet,
Nessus is a great tool help keep their domains free of the easy vulnerabilities that hackers and
viruses commonly look to exploit.
Why Nesus?
Nessus has a modular architecture consisting of centralized servers that conduct scanning,
and remote clients that allow for administrator interaction. Administrators can include NASL
descriptions of
all suspected vulnerabilities to develop customized scans. Significant capabilities of Nessus
include:
-Compatibility with computers and servers of all sizes.
-Detection of security holes in local or remote hosts.
-Detection of missing security updates and patches.
-Simulated attacks to pinpoint vulnerabilities.
-Execution of security tests in a contained environment.
-Scheduled security audits.
More Features of Nessus Tool:
1)Flexible Deployment Options
Install Nessus on-premises or as a cloud-hosted solution to assess physical, virtual or cloud
environments.
2)Multiple Assessment Types
Protect your IT environment by running vulnerability scans, configuration and compliance
checks,
malware detection, web application scanning and more.
3)Rich Assessment Capabilities
Nessus includes a deep set of assessment capabilities, including agent-based and agent-less
scanning,
to allow you to scan more assets, more frequently.
4)Ongoing Management
Nessus makes it easy to manage both the product and users, with automatic updates and a
constant feed of new information from Tenable.
5)Connect With Core Systems
Integrate Nessus with patch management, mobile device management and credential
management systems.
6)Reporting
Run reports, easily filter data and share results with others in a variety of formats to help others
in the organization understand and address vulnerabilities.
References :
https://www.tenable.com/products/nessus-vulnerability-scanner
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Nessus.
Solve given LP problem using simplex method and find maximum value o.pdf
Solve given LP problem using simplex method and find maximum value of objective function.
Write all
steps.
max : = 4.71 + 6x2 s.t. -x1 + 2 11 12s 27 21 52 90 i 1.2
Solution
the LPP problem according to Simplex method is given as follows:
Let, S1, S2, and S3 are slack variables three constraints. The standard form of given LPP is given
as follows:
Max Z = 4X1 + 5X2 + 0S1 + 0S2 + 0S3
Subject To:
-X1 + X2 + S1 + 0S2 + 0S3 = 11
X1 + X2 + 0S1 + S2 + 0S3 = 27
2X1 + 5X2 + 0S1 + 0S2 + S3 = 90
X1, X2, S1, S2, S3 >= 0
2)
To form an initial basic solution, consider the structural variables as zero, in other words X1 =
X2 = 0. Thus initial basic variables remains are S1, S2, and S3.
Z = 0, S1 = 11, S2 = 27, and S2 = 90
3)
The Initial Tableau is constructed as follows:
Cj
4
5
0
0
0
B (Quantity)
Cb
Xb
x1
x2
S1
S2
S3
0
S1
-1
1
1
0
0
11
0
S2
1
1
0
1
0
27
0
S3
2
5
0
0
1
90
Iteration 1:
Cj
4
5
0
0
0
B (Quantity)
RR
Cb
Xb
x1
x2
S1
S2
S3
0
S1
-1
1
1
0
0
11
11/1 = 11
0
S2
1
1
0
1
0
27
27/1 = 27
0
S3
2
5
0
0
1
90
90/5 = 18
Zj
0
0
0
0
0
0
j = Cj – Zj
4
5
0
0
0
0
zj=cBj x xj
j= (cj - zj)
As the j is positive the optimal solution is not obtained.
X2 is having highest j, thus incoming variable is X2. It realizes highest profit for next iteration.
Pivot Column = X2, pivot elements are 1, 1, and 5.
Determine replacement ratio by dividing B value by respective pivot column elements.
The replacement ratio for basis variable S1 is lowest positive, this variable is outgoing variable.
S1 is completely utilized if 11 units of X2 are to be produced.
Pivot row = S1
Key element (KE) = 1
The elements of next variables are obtained as follows:
Incoming Variable value for X1 is obtained as:
Other basis variable is obtained as:
1st row/KE
Old element – (Key column element x I.V. row element)
Cj
4
5
0
0
0
B (Quantity)
RR
Cb
Xb
x1
x2
S1
S2
S3
5
X2
-1
1
1
0
0
11
11/-1
= -11
0
S2
1-(1*-1)
=2
1-(1*1)
= 0
0-(1*1)
= - 1
1-(1*0)
= 1
0-(1*0)
= 0
27-(1*11)
16
16/2
= 8
0
S3
2-(5*-1)
= 7
5-(5*1)
= 0
0-(5*1)
= -5
0-(5*0)
= 0
1-(5*0)
= 1
90-(5*11)
= 35
35/7
= 5
Zj
-5
5
5
0
0
55
j = Cj – Zj
9
0
-5
0
0
As the j is positive the optimal solution is not obtained.
X1 is having highest j, thus incoming variable is X1. It realizes highest profit for next iteration.
Pivot Column = X1, pivot elements are -1, 2, and 7.
The replacement ratio for basis variable S3 is lowest positive, this variable is outgoing variable.
S3 is completely utilized if 5 units of X1 are to be produced.
Pivot row = S3
Key element (KE) = 7
Cj
4
5
0
0
0
B (Quantity)
RR
Cb
Xb
x1
x2
S1
S2
S3
5
X2
-1-(-1*1)
= 0
1-(-1*0)
= 1
1-(-1*-5/7)
= 2/7
0
0-(-1*1/7)
= 1/7
11-(-1*5)
= 16
16/(2/7)
= 56
0
S2
2-(2*1)
= 0
0-(2*0)
= 0
- 1-(2*-5/7)
= 3/7
1
0-(2*1/7)
= -2/7
16-(2*5)
= 6
16/(3/7)
= 37.33
4
X1
7/7
= 1
0/7
= 0
-5/7
0
1/7
35/7
= 5
5/(-5/7)
= -7
Zj
4
5
-10/7
0
9/7
(5*16+4*5)
= 100
j = Cj – Zj
0
0
10/7
0
-9/7
As the j is positive the optimal solution is not obtained.
S1 is having highest j, thus incoming variable is S1. It realizes highest profi.
Show a rightmost derivation for the string(id + id) id Usin.pdf
Show a rightmost derivation for the string:
(id + id) * id
Using the grammer:
E -> E + T | E * T | T
T -> ( E ) | id
Solution
The rightmost derivation for the string is as follows:
E->E*T
E->E*id (Since, T->id)
E->T*id (Since, E->T)
E->(E)*id (Since, T->(E))
E->(E+T)*id (Since, E->E+T)
E->(E+id)*id (Since T->id)
E->(T+id)*id (Since E->T)
E->(id+id)*id (Since T->id).
More from aminbijal86 (20)
can someone proofread this for meAs a child, I used to watch T.V..pdf
can someone proofread this for meAs a child, I used to watch T.V..pdf
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and acc.pdf
Describe the arrangement of Regulations for lifting machines and acc.pdf
All of the following would require use of the equity method for inve.pdf
All of the following would require use of the equity method for inve.pdf
A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms t.pdf
A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms t.pdf
Bell & Porter has the following average times (in hours) Inspecting .pdf
Bell & Porter has the following average times (in hours) Inspecting .pdf
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured A. Later.pdf
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured A. Later.pdf
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the National Bureau of .pdf
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the National Bureau of .pdf
When working with communications, is it more important to detect or .pdf
When working with communications, is it more important to detect or .pdf
Which of the following are principles of the AICPA Code of Professio.pdf
Which of the following are principles of the AICPA Code of Professio.pdf
Thouhgts on the future of information technology (IT) software secur.pdf
Thouhgts on the future of information technology (IT) software secur.pdf
Two of the following ions depend on their conversion into a gas .pdf
Two of the following ions depend on their conversion into a gas .pdf
The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) demonstrated in the experimen.pdf
The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) demonstrated in the experimen.pdf
One implication of the Lyon hypothesis was that adult females would b.pdf
One implication of the Lyon hypothesis was that adult females would b.pdf
the problems of vietnam in communication during international busine.pdf
the problems of vietnam in communication during international busine.pdf
The first signs of niacin deficiency are all of the following EXCEPT .pdf
The first signs of niacin deficiency are all of the following EXCEPT .pdf
The Ba(s) gets formed after reductionBa2+ + 2e- -- Ba(s) which is.pdf
The Ba(s) gets formed after reductionBa2+ + 2e- -- Ba(s) which is.pdf
Submit a 2-3 page paper addressing each of the following 1.Define .pdf
Submit a 2-3 page paper addressing each of the following 1.Define .pdf
Nessus is a network security toolIn a pragraph describe the tool’s.pdf
Nessus is a network security toolIn a pragraph describe the tool’s.pdf
Solve given LP problem using simplex method and find maximum value o.pdf
Solve given LP problem using simplex method and find maximum value o.pdf
Show a rightmost derivation for the string(id + id) id Usin.pdf
Show a rightmost derivation for the string(id + id) id Usin.pdf
Recently uploaded
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptx
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Instagram:-
https://instagram.com/special_education_needs_01?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
WhatsApp:-
https://chat.whatsapp.com/JVakNIYlSV94x7bwunO3Dc
YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@special_education_needs
Teligram :- https://t.me/special_education_needs
Slide Shere :-
https://www.slideshare.net/shabnambano20?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Chapter -12, Antibiotics (One Page Notes).pdf
This is a notes for the D.Pharm students and related to the antibiotic drugs.
Recently uploaded (20)
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Multithreading_in_C++ - std::thread, race condition
Multithreading_in_C++ - std::thread, race condition
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, diverge.pdf
- 1. During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, divergence between populations occurs. Sometimes, before speciation is complete, the two diverging populations come back into contact (the barrier no longer keeps them apart). When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. During the period of separation in allopatric speciation, divergence between populations occurs. Sometimes, before speciation is complete, the two diverging populations come back into contact (the barrier no longer keeps them apart). When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. When this happens, explain how character displacement can influence the speciation process. Solution Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species gets isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. This results in the evolution of new species in geographic isolation from its ancestor. Isolation of populations leading to allopatric speciation can occur in a variety of ways: a river forming a new branch, erosion forming a new valley, a group of organisms traveling to a new location without the ability to return, or seeds floating over the ocean to an island. The nature of the geographic separation necessary to isolate populations depends entirely on the biology of the organism and its potential for dispersal. If two flying insect populations took up residence in separate nearby valleys, chances are, individuals from each population would fly back and forth continuing gene flow. However, if two rodent populations became divided by the formation of a new lake, continued gene flow would be unlikely; therefore, speciation would be more likely. Character displacement refers to the phenomenon where differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur but are minimized or lost where the species’ distributions do not overlap. This pattern results
- 2. from evolutionary change driven by competition among species for a limited resource (e.g. food). When two populations which have been kept apart, come back into contact, the reproductive isolation between them might be complete or incomplete. If it is complete, speciation has occurred. If it is incomplete, hybrids would be produced. If the hybrids had lower fitness than either parental form, selection would act to increase the reproductive isolation because each form would do better not to mate with the other and form the disadvantageous hybrids. Speciation might then be speeded up by favoring genes which caused individuals to avoid mating with hybrids.