This document summarizes a report on climate change governance in Africa. It finds that while policymakers have recognized the need to integrate climate change adaptation, the instruments for doing so are underdeveloped. It reviewed country studies on seven nations that assessed climate impacts and vulnerabilities, adaptation policies and strategies, and institutional capacity. Key issues identified include inadequate policy frameworks, limited participation and accountability in decision-making, inadequate funding, and weak coordination among actors.
This document discusses public policy formulation. It begins with defining policy and outlining the policy formulation process. This includes initiating a policy, forming a task force, diagnosing the situation, drafting the policy, obtaining approval, implementing, and monitoring/evaluating. Key features of a good policy are also described such as legal validity, consistency, feasibility, resources, and social acceptance. The document then discusses Pakistan's experience with policy formulation, noting both successes and weaknesses such as procedural issues, institutional overstepping, lack of evaluation, and inadequate implementation. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of studying existing policies and political party platforms when developing new policies.
This document outlines factors that contribute to both the success and failure of social programs. Key factors for success include social acceptability, unity of purpose among all groups, and having a critical mass of supporters. Sufficient resources, clear communication and coordination are also important. Potential barriers include a lack of defined aims or objectives, problematic attitudes, limited resources and support, unpreparedness, and over-reliance on outside help.
The document discusses the need to strengthen the capacity of government institutions in Nepal to address climate change adaptation and disaster risk management. It notes that an ADB-funded technical assistance program is currently working with the Ministry of Environment to mainstream climate change and environmental management. This includes recommending an agreed structure and funding for the Ministry, integrating climate change into training curriculums, and training districts on strategically using development funds for adaptation. It stresses the importance of cross-cutting training, strategies, and cooperation across ministries to address climate impacts.
The document discusses key concepts related to public policy including definitions of public policy, the aims and nature of public policy, and the policy-making process. It outlines the major steps in the policy-making process including agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. It also discusses the roles of different players and advocacy in shaping public policy. Lastly, it provides an overview of the legislative process in the Philippine government.
Public Policy Formulation and Management by Avit TheophilAvith Theophil
Making public policy is an important act. It flows from a sacred public trust bestowed on a select few individuals. Public policy decisions affect thousands, even millions of people. However, it seems that many, if not most, public officials lack the critical thinking skills to exercise good public policy decision making.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-3: Public Policy Formulation in PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 3 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation.
This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps.
It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-2:Features of Good Public PolicyShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 2 of the 4-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of a good public policy
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-1: Definition, Process,& ChallengesShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 1 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy, six stages of public policy formulation, & challenges faced
This document discusses public policy formulation. It begins with defining policy and outlining the policy formulation process. This includes initiating a policy, forming a task force, diagnosing the situation, drafting the policy, obtaining approval, implementing, and monitoring/evaluating. Key features of a good policy are also described such as legal validity, consistency, feasibility, resources, and social acceptance. The document then discusses Pakistan's experience with policy formulation, noting both successes and weaknesses such as procedural issues, institutional overstepping, lack of evaluation, and inadequate implementation. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of studying existing policies and political party platforms when developing new policies.
This document outlines factors that contribute to both the success and failure of social programs. Key factors for success include social acceptability, unity of purpose among all groups, and having a critical mass of supporters. Sufficient resources, clear communication and coordination are also important. Potential barriers include a lack of defined aims or objectives, problematic attitudes, limited resources and support, unpreparedness, and over-reliance on outside help.
The document discusses the need to strengthen the capacity of government institutions in Nepal to address climate change adaptation and disaster risk management. It notes that an ADB-funded technical assistance program is currently working with the Ministry of Environment to mainstream climate change and environmental management. This includes recommending an agreed structure and funding for the Ministry, integrating climate change into training curriculums, and training districts on strategically using development funds for adaptation. It stresses the importance of cross-cutting training, strategies, and cooperation across ministries to address climate impacts.
The document discusses key concepts related to public policy including definitions of public policy, the aims and nature of public policy, and the policy-making process. It outlines the major steps in the policy-making process including agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. It also discusses the roles of different players and advocacy in shaping public policy. Lastly, it provides an overview of the legislative process in the Philippine government.
Public Policy Formulation and Management by Avit TheophilAvith Theophil
Making public policy is an important act. It flows from a sacred public trust bestowed on a select few individuals. Public policy decisions affect thousands, even millions of people. However, it seems that many, if not most, public officials lack the critical thinking skills to exercise good public policy decision making.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-3: Public Policy Formulation in PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 3 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation.
This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps.
It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-2:Features of Good Public PolicyShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 2 of the 4-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of a good public policy
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-1: Definition, Process,& ChallengesShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 1 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation. This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps. It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy, six stages of public policy formulation, & challenges faced
Policy Development for PCU La Union Affiliatesjo bitonio
The document discusses the process of developing organizational policies, outlining key steps such as identifying issues, conducting research and analysis, generating alternatives, consulting stakeholders, and developing a policy proposal. Effective policy formulation involves creating solutions that are both effective in addressing issues and acceptable to decision-makers. The overall goal is to establish guidelines that empower employees and guide an organization towards its objectives.
Public policy is formulated to address problems that jeopardize societal well-being. Once a policy problem is identified, the objectives of the policy are established to reduce the problem in a way that is acceptable to both policy administrators and those affected. There are many factors that influence public policy formulation, including political and societal forces, environmental contexts, and different actors. Ultimately, the goal of policy formulation is to identify problems, set objectives to address them, and develop strategies to implement solutions.
POLICY MAKING PROCESS
Policy
• a statement of intent for achieving an objective.
• Deliberate statement aimed at achieving specific objective
• policies are formulated by the Government in order to provide
a guideline in attaining certain objectives for the benefit of the
people.
• Importance and objective of any policy
• to solve existing challenges/problems in any society
• used as a tool to safeguard and ensure better services to
members of the society.
• Reasons for formulating a Policy
• Reforms (socio-economic, technological advancements, etc)
within and outside the country.
Implementation, viewed broadly, means administering adopted policies through various actors, organizations, procedures and techniques working together to achieve policy goals. It can involve informing people about policies, making new behaviors easier to adopt through inducement, enforcing policies through penalties or compensation, or offering benefits to incentivize implementation. There is often a gap between policies and their implementation, called a policy failure, which can take the form of non-implementation if a policy is not put into effect, or unsuccessful implementation if external factors prevent goals from being achieved despite full implementation.
The document discusses the process of public policy. It defines policy and differentiates it from procedures and guidelines. It then outlines the key steps in the public policy process: problem identification, agenda setting, policy making, budgeting, implementation, and evaluation. It notes that key actors in agenda setting include think tanks, interest groups, media, and government officials. The document also discusses who the main players are in making economic policies, noting the roles of the prime minister, donor community, various ministries and constituencies. It provides guidelines for changing policies, emphasizing preparation, planning, personal contact, understanding community perspectives, positivism, participation, publicity, and persistence.
Public personnel administration and human resource managementtaratoot
Public personnel administration involves policies for recruiting, training, and promoting government employees. It aims to balance strong leadership, political neutrality, and diversity. Key considerations include merit-based versus patronage-based hiring and promoting diversity through affirmative action and anti-discrimination laws. The main functions of personnel administration are position classification, recruitment and selection, compensation, and promoting diversity through various strategies.
The public policy process document outlines the key steps in developing and implementing public policy: problem recognition, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, budgeting, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It discusses how problems are identified and brought to the attention of government officials, alternative solutions are considered, policies are approved and funded, policies are administered through government agencies, and policies are assessed for their impact.
Institutionalizing Performance Budgeting: Key Institutions and Actors - Roles...EUROsociAL II
This document discusses key aspects of institutionalizing performance budgeting. It covers:
1) The essential building blocks for developing performance informed budgeting, including establishing strategic goals and developing performance measures.
2) The roles of key institutions like central budget authorities and spending ministries, and different implementation strategies such as top-down vs bottom-up approaches.
3) Developing incentives to motivate improved performance, such as financial rewards and sanctions through the budget process, and increasing or decreasing managerial flexibility.
This document provides an overview of public policy for students in public policy and economics programs. It defines key terms related to public policy, examines the nature and importance of public policy, and discusses some specific policy areas. The learning objectives are to define public policy terms, analyze the importance of policy, describe the nature and characteristics of policy, examine what policies do, and examine the rationale for public policy. It provides definitions of policy, discusses elements and goals of policy, and distinguishes between policy outputs and outcomes. It also covers the relationship between politics and public policy.
This document discusses contemporary issues in public financial management (PFM) reform. It notes that existing PFM reform approaches have not worked well, as they do not adequately consider the complex, contextual factors involved. There is a growing consensus that "best practice" ideas are less relevant, and reforms need to focus on "good" or "good enough" practices tailored to each country's circumstances. However, donors and international financial institutions continue promoting advanced country models in developing nations. The document argues for a more realistic, incremental, and context-sensitive approach to PFM reform, prioritizing basic reforms and building the capabilities of central financial agencies. Reform strategies also need to address new challenges like resource revenue management and decentralization.
The document outlines the key phases and steps involved in the policy process: 1) Initiation which includes agenda-setting, identifying policy instruments, and stakeholder engagement; 2) Generation which includes formulating and drafting policy; 3) Implementation of the policy; and 4) Evaluation of the policy through monitoring. Some of the main steps described include identifying issues, analyzing alternatives, engaging stakeholders, setting objectives, and publishing the final policy.
The economic crisis may negatively impact HIV in developing countries in three main ways:
1) Donor countries may find it difficult to meet ODA commitments due to increased fiscal deficits from economic recovery packages and decreased tax revenues.
2) Developing countries will face more challenging economic conditions with weak social protections and inability to finance countercyclical spending.
3) Vulnerable populations are most at risk, with potential risks including interruption of HIV treatment, increased high-risk behaviors, and pressure on health systems.
This document outlines the eight stages of policy formulation: 1) identifying the problem, 2) reviewing existing policies, 3) developing alternative solutions, 4) setting goals, 5) building public support, 6) legislating or announcing the policy, 7) implementing the policy, and 8) evaluating the policy. It defines policy as a formal statement by an organization to address issues like poverty or the environment. The stages involve thoroughly understanding the problem, exploring options, gaining support, enacting and enforcing the policy, and assessing its effectiveness.
The document discusses various policy instruments used by governments to achieve development goals, including regulatory, economic, and administrative tools. Regulatory instruments include laws and regulations, while economic instruments involve taxation, subsidies, and exemptions. Specific policy objectives center around economic growth, development, quality of life, market improvements, and addressing social/cultural factors. Development plans are highlighted as an example of a coordinated policy instrument used to prioritize and achieve long-term objectives related to industrialization and social transformation through public consultation. Challenges in implementing policy measures include transition difficulties, capacity issues, resistance to changes, time required for legal implementation, and budget constraints.
The document discusses the rationale for public policy. It defines public policy as the course of action by governments to deal with public problems. The major goals of public policy are to achieve the best interests of society, provide good governance, and enable the public to measure government achievements. Some key public issues that policies address are peace and order, education, health, social welfare, and employment. The major types of policies are regulatory, distributive, and redistributive. The document also outlines the key components and steps in the public policy process.
Policies are general guidelines that direct decision-making and encourage initiative within organizational units. They clarify management's values and intentions, facilitate delegation of authority, and promote uniform coordination. Well-formulated policies are key to planning success and provide guidance to managers. Policies differ from procedures, which guide specific actions, and strategies, which are single-use plans to address environmental threats. The policy formulation process involves identifying needs, defining problems, collecting information, developing alternatives, evaluating options, testing policies, and incorporating them into manuals. Factors like goals, resources, and external conditions influence policy development.
The document discusses public budgeting and key concepts in federal budgeting. It explains that budgets demonstrate governmental priorities and intentions. The federal budget consists of mandatory spending on entitlement programs as well as discretionary spending debated by Congress. It also discusses deficit versus debt, fiscal policy which refers to taxation and spending, and monetary policy which involves managing interest rates and money supply by the Federal Reserve. Budgets are highly political as they determine winners and losers.
Schlaepfer-Miller:Communication of coping and adaptation strategies for clima...AfricaAdapt
This project investigates using participatory media like drawings and a custom mobile phone app to help farmers in Tanzania communicate climate change adaptation methods to policymakers, scientists, and other farmers. The project provides farmers in the Bagamoyo district with multimedia phones that have an app to send tagged images and audio recordings directly to a webpage, creating a participatory body of evidence. This approach empowers communities by giving farmers an unfiltered way for their voices to be heard.
The document analyzes the adaptive capacity to climate variability in Tharaka district, Kenya. It finds that the main livelihoods of crop farming and pastoralism are highly dependent on rainfall and vulnerable to drought. While households employ strategies like crop diversification and multiple livelihood activities, adaptive capacity is weakened by poor infrastructure like roads, low education levels, and underutilized resources. The study concludes that addressing underlying social and economic vulnerabilities through investments in literacy, infrastructure, and water management could help strengthen household resilience to climate impacts in the region.
Policy Development for PCU La Union Affiliatesjo bitonio
The document discusses the process of developing organizational policies, outlining key steps such as identifying issues, conducting research and analysis, generating alternatives, consulting stakeholders, and developing a policy proposal. Effective policy formulation involves creating solutions that are both effective in addressing issues and acceptable to decision-makers. The overall goal is to establish guidelines that empower employees and guide an organization towards its objectives.
Public policy is formulated to address problems that jeopardize societal well-being. Once a policy problem is identified, the objectives of the policy are established to reduce the problem in a way that is acceptable to both policy administrators and those affected. There are many factors that influence public policy formulation, including political and societal forces, environmental contexts, and different actors. Ultimately, the goal of policy formulation is to identify problems, set objectives to address them, and develop strategies to implement solutions.
POLICY MAKING PROCESS
Policy
• a statement of intent for achieving an objective.
• Deliberate statement aimed at achieving specific objective
• policies are formulated by the Government in order to provide
a guideline in attaining certain objectives for the benefit of the
people.
• Importance and objective of any policy
• to solve existing challenges/problems in any society
• used as a tool to safeguard and ensure better services to
members of the society.
• Reasons for formulating a Policy
• Reforms (socio-economic, technological advancements, etc)
within and outside the country.
Implementation, viewed broadly, means administering adopted policies through various actors, organizations, procedures and techniques working together to achieve policy goals. It can involve informing people about policies, making new behaviors easier to adopt through inducement, enforcing policies through penalties or compensation, or offering benefits to incentivize implementation. There is often a gap between policies and their implementation, called a policy failure, which can take the form of non-implementation if a policy is not put into effect, or unsuccessful implementation if external factors prevent goals from being achieved despite full implementation.
The document discusses the process of public policy. It defines policy and differentiates it from procedures and guidelines. It then outlines the key steps in the public policy process: problem identification, agenda setting, policy making, budgeting, implementation, and evaluation. It notes that key actors in agenda setting include think tanks, interest groups, media, and government officials. The document also discusses who the main players are in making economic policies, noting the roles of the prime minister, donor community, various ministries and constituencies. It provides guidelines for changing policies, emphasizing preparation, planning, personal contact, understanding community perspectives, positivism, participation, publicity, and persistence.
Public personnel administration and human resource managementtaratoot
Public personnel administration involves policies for recruiting, training, and promoting government employees. It aims to balance strong leadership, political neutrality, and diversity. Key considerations include merit-based versus patronage-based hiring and promoting diversity through affirmative action and anti-discrimination laws. The main functions of personnel administration are position classification, recruitment and selection, compensation, and promoting diversity through various strategies.
The public policy process document outlines the key steps in developing and implementing public policy: problem recognition, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, budgeting, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It discusses how problems are identified and brought to the attention of government officials, alternative solutions are considered, policies are approved and funded, policies are administered through government agencies, and policies are assessed for their impact.
Institutionalizing Performance Budgeting: Key Institutions and Actors - Roles...EUROsociAL II
This document discusses key aspects of institutionalizing performance budgeting. It covers:
1) The essential building blocks for developing performance informed budgeting, including establishing strategic goals and developing performance measures.
2) The roles of key institutions like central budget authorities and spending ministries, and different implementation strategies such as top-down vs bottom-up approaches.
3) Developing incentives to motivate improved performance, such as financial rewards and sanctions through the budget process, and increasing or decreasing managerial flexibility.
This document provides an overview of public policy for students in public policy and economics programs. It defines key terms related to public policy, examines the nature and importance of public policy, and discusses some specific policy areas. The learning objectives are to define public policy terms, analyze the importance of policy, describe the nature and characteristics of policy, examine what policies do, and examine the rationale for public policy. It provides definitions of policy, discusses elements and goals of policy, and distinguishes between policy outputs and outcomes. It also covers the relationship between politics and public policy.
This document discusses contemporary issues in public financial management (PFM) reform. It notes that existing PFM reform approaches have not worked well, as they do not adequately consider the complex, contextual factors involved. There is a growing consensus that "best practice" ideas are less relevant, and reforms need to focus on "good" or "good enough" practices tailored to each country's circumstances. However, donors and international financial institutions continue promoting advanced country models in developing nations. The document argues for a more realistic, incremental, and context-sensitive approach to PFM reform, prioritizing basic reforms and building the capabilities of central financial agencies. Reform strategies also need to address new challenges like resource revenue management and decentralization.
The document outlines the key phases and steps involved in the policy process: 1) Initiation which includes agenda-setting, identifying policy instruments, and stakeholder engagement; 2) Generation which includes formulating and drafting policy; 3) Implementation of the policy; and 4) Evaluation of the policy through monitoring. Some of the main steps described include identifying issues, analyzing alternatives, engaging stakeholders, setting objectives, and publishing the final policy.
The economic crisis may negatively impact HIV in developing countries in three main ways:
1) Donor countries may find it difficult to meet ODA commitments due to increased fiscal deficits from economic recovery packages and decreased tax revenues.
2) Developing countries will face more challenging economic conditions with weak social protections and inability to finance countercyclical spending.
3) Vulnerable populations are most at risk, with potential risks including interruption of HIV treatment, increased high-risk behaviors, and pressure on health systems.
This document outlines the eight stages of policy formulation: 1) identifying the problem, 2) reviewing existing policies, 3) developing alternative solutions, 4) setting goals, 5) building public support, 6) legislating or announcing the policy, 7) implementing the policy, and 8) evaluating the policy. It defines policy as a formal statement by an organization to address issues like poverty or the environment. The stages involve thoroughly understanding the problem, exploring options, gaining support, enacting and enforcing the policy, and assessing its effectiveness.
The document discusses various policy instruments used by governments to achieve development goals, including regulatory, economic, and administrative tools. Regulatory instruments include laws and regulations, while economic instruments involve taxation, subsidies, and exemptions. Specific policy objectives center around economic growth, development, quality of life, market improvements, and addressing social/cultural factors. Development plans are highlighted as an example of a coordinated policy instrument used to prioritize and achieve long-term objectives related to industrialization and social transformation through public consultation. Challenges in implementing policy measures include transition difficulties, capacity issues, resistance to changes, time required for legal implementation, and budget constraints.
The document discusses the rationale for public policy. It defines public policy as the course of action by governments to deal with public problems. The major goals of public policy are to achieve the best interests of society, provide good governance, and enable the public to measure government achievements. Some key public issues that policies address are peace and order, education, health, social welfare, and employment. The major types of policies are regulatory, distributive, and redistributive. The document also outlines the key components and steps in the public policy process.
Policies are general guidelines that direct decision-making and encourage initiative within organizational units. They clarify management's values and intentions, facilitate delegation of authority, and promote uniform coordination. Well-formulated policies are key to planning success and provide guidance to managers. Policies differ from procedures, which guide specific actions, and strategies, which are single-use plans to address environmental threats. The policy formulation process involves identifying needs, defining problems, collecting information, developing alternatives, evaluating options, testing policies, and incorporating them into manuals. Factors like goals, resources, and external conditions influence policy development.
The document discusses public budgeting and key concepts in federal budgeting. It explains that budgets demonstrate governmental priorities and intentions. The federal budget consists of mandatory spending on entitlement programs as well as discretionary spending debated by Congress. It also discusses deficit versus debt, fiscal policy which refers to taxation and spending, and monetary policy which involves managing interest rates and money supply by the Federal Reserve. Budgets are highly political as they determine winners and losers.
Schlaepfer-Miller:Communication of coping and adaptation strategies for clima...AfricaAdapt
This project investigates using participatory media like drawings and a custom mobile phone app to help farmers in Tanzania communicate climate change adaptation methods to policymakers, scientists, and other farmers. The project provides farmers in the Bagamoyo district with multimedia phones that have an app to send tagged images and audio recordings directly to a webpage, creating a participatory body of evidence. This approach empowers communities by giving farmers an unfiltered way for their voices to be heard.
The document analyzes the adaptive capacity to climate variability in Tharaka district, Kenya. It finds that the main livelihoods of crop farming and pastoralism are highly dependent on rainfall and vulnerable to drought. While households employ strategies like crop diversification and multiple livelihood activities, adaptive capacity is weakened by poor infrastructure like roads, low education levels, and underutilized resources. The study concludes that addressing underlying social and economic vulnerabilities through investments in literacy, infrastructure, and water management could help strengthen household resilience to climate impacts in the region.
Mulualem Birhane Lieh and Wubalem Mengist Sewagne: Environmental ActivitiesAfricaAdapt
Farmer Mulualem and Wubalem have undertaken various environmental activities in Ethiopia, including establishing forests and promoting soil and water conservation. Some of their projects involve establishing nurseries, planting pine forests, propagating vetiver grass, and celebrating events like World Environment Day to raise awareness. They have also trained monks on fuel-efficient stoves and helped convert monasteries to these stoves to reduce firewood consumption. Additionally, the farmers have advocated internationally for climate change adaptation, including petitioning the US embassy and testifying in Copenhagen on the impacts facing Ethiopia's least developed areas. For their work, Mulualem has received recognition including an award from Gonder University.
Francois Delobel: FAO-MOSAICC: The FAO modelling system to support decision-m...AfricaAdapt
The document describes FAO-MOSAICC, a methodology and software package for assessing the agricultural impacts of climate change. It contains models for climate, hydrology, crops and the economy. The software runs on a central server connected to a common database and controlled through web interfaces. It is designed to provide integrated impact assessments at the national level and support decision making. The package will be deployed in countries with training provided to national institutions.
The document summarizes the findings of a baseline survey on climate change advocacy in Uganda. It found that while knowledge of climate change is widespread, understanding of climate finance issues is limited. Efforts to advocate for increased climate change financing are also limited. It provides recommendations to improve knowledge of climate finance advocacy, increase the scope and scale of advocacy efforts, and take advantage of opportunities to increase government budgeting for climate change through engagement with relevant institutions, policies, and individuals.
Ghana SBS to Natural Resources and Environmental Governance v3 short fin - ti...Dr Seán Doolan, MBA
The document discusses sector budget support for natural resources and environmental governance in Ghana. It notes that internationally, there has been a shift towards general and sector budget support based on aid effectiveness principles, but this has sometimes reduced attention to natural resources and the environment. In Ghana, there was a move from project-based support to multi-donor sector budget support for natural resources and environmental governance. This required reframing the environment focus in terms of aid mechanisms and building legitimacy for the approach. The support aimed to strengthen sector governance, build capacity, and promote synergies across levels of dialogue and development objectives. Quality of engagement across partners and levels was seen as critical to ensure policy coherence and complementarity in supporting the sector's objectives.
Presentations by speakers at the CCAFS' "Planning Climate Adaptation in Agriculture" Side Event during the UNFCCC SB 40 climate negotiations in Bonn. Speakers are: Gabrielle Kissinger, David Kaluba, David Howlett and Pradeep Kurukulasuriya.
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/mainstreaming-agriculture-national-adaptation-plans-0#.U7jmRPldW8w
This document discusses partnerships for sustainable development in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It outlines that effective partnerships require integrated and participatory development planning at local, national, regional, and international levels. At the national level, challenges to participatory governance include political cultures dominated by single parties and dependency on the government. At the regional level, lack of private sector participation and involvement in global issues are problems. Managing development assistance and bridging the technology divide also present difficulties for SIDS. Recommendations include establishing consultative councils for development planning and building civil society participation in regional governance.
Climate change adaptation is important to address the complex challenges it poses for development in Africa. Agricultural production and food security on the continent will likely be severely compromised by climate change, with crop yields projected to fall substantially. ACCRA seeks to understand how existing social protection, livelihood and disaster risk reduction projects build adaptive capacity, and influence actors to improve climate adaptation. The research is being conducted in Ethiopia, Uganda and Mozambique to provide evidence to support vulnerable communities and inform humanitarian and development work.
This document summarizes research on community adaptation planning (CAP) in Nepal. The research found that while CAP helped build some local capacity and collaboration, it was not fully inclusive or participatory. Specifically:
- CAP benefited the community as a whole but less than 10% of funds targeted vulnerable households. Decision-making was dominated by elites.
- Local institutions collaborated more due to CAP but links to district and national levels were lacking.
- Most households saw CAP as partly successful in empowering locals, but there were concerns about inclusiveness in decision-making and benefit sharing.
- To be more effective, CAP needs more inclusive local structures, supportive policies, and approaches that empower vulnerable households in
A presentation provided to the conference "Food Security & Climate Change in Africa" - by Mr. William Chadza, director of the Malawian Centre for Environmental Policy and Advocacy, that was organised by Self Help Africa and hosted by the School of Agriculture and Food Sciences at University College, Dublin, as part of the programme of activities to mark 'Africa Day', in May 2010. Mr. Chadza was unable to attend the conference at the last minute owing to travel difficulties.
Maximizing Synergies in the Climate Finance Architecture discusses challenges faced by countries in coordinating climate finance from various international and domestic sources. It emphasizes that effective complementarity and coherence between climate funds and within countries is needed to help address these challenges. Specifically, it recommends that countries strengthen coordination through their focal points, engage in strategic planning around climate finance as part of their NDCs and NAPs, and coordinate programming to identify financing priorities and opportunities for scaling up and co-financing projects.
6. Solution mitigation of climate change.pptxNeeraj Ojha
There is an international agency called Environmental Protection Agency EPA. EPA forms and implements regulations regarding making the environment better.
We are at present in a very critical state as far as the situation of global warming and receding snowcaps in the Antarctia. It has been found that there is a hole in the Ozone layer due to increasing level of pollution throughout the world.
Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, whether positive or negative, to minimize threats and maximize opportunities. It determines the maximum acceptable level of risk for an activity and develops strategies to reduce risks. Risks can come from many sources, including financial markets, project failures, legal issues, accidents, and deliberate attacks. Risk management evaluates the probability of an unwanted event occurring and its potential consequences.
Institutionalizing Financing Climate Change AdaptationNAP Global Network
Presentation by Anila Cili (Financial Expert and Trainer, International Institute for Sustainable Development) given at the workshop "Jamaica’s National Adaptation Plan: Integrating Climate Change into National and Ministerial Budgets" in July 2017.
The document discusses strategies for mainstreaming environmental considerations into Kenya's development planning process. It recommends focusing the environmental debate on achieving food, energy and water security and adapting to climate change to highlight the strategic importance of the environment. Using tools like strategic environmental assessments and economic instruments, it suggests analyzing scenarios and collaboration between sectors to integrate environmental priorities. Drawing from other countries' experiences, it emphasizes the need for high-level political support, institutional mandates, engagement across sectors, and coordination between stakeholders to effectively mainstream the environment into planning, policymaking, and budgets.
Climate finance amoah (ghana)challenges in scaling up cf-ccxg gf-march2014OECD Environment
Ghana faces several institutional challenges to scaling up climate finance, including a lack of coordination between climate change organizations, fragmented donor support, and different reporting systems between donors and implementing agencies. Ghana's climate change governance framework includes many organizations but with unclear roles that has led to uncoordinated activities. International principles for effective climate finance like ownership, alignment, capacity building, and harmonization have only been partially realized according to assessments. Overcoming Ghana's institutional barriers will be important to attract more private sector investment and scale up climate actions.
- The document summarizes a climate vulnerability assessment conducted in Shaanxi Province, China.
- The assessment used a participatory approach including interviews, surveys, and workshops to understand how climate change is impacting rural communities and their livelihoods.
- Key findings included communities facing increased risks from droughts, floods and degraded soils, as well as lack of access to technology, markets and climate information.
- Pilot projects were implemented to test more sustainable livelihood practices and provide farmers knowledge to increase resilience.
- Lessons highlighted the need to engage stakeholders at all levels and balance international and national priorities to effectively integrate climate adaptation into development planning.
Scaling up climate finance requires addressing several key challenges. Replication of projects needs to consider balancing mitigation and adaptation funding as well as modifying projects to local contexts. Information sharing and strong institutions are important to understand what approaches are most effective and implement climate actions. Reducing risks, costs, and delays can help attract more private sector finance for climate solutions. Future work should explore improving adaptation finance, using monitoring and evaluation to identify best practices, and incentivizing greater climate investment through a new international agreement.
The document summarizes the Philippine government's framework and strategy for addressing climate change. It establishes a Presidential Task Force on Climate Change to guide the national response. The task force will employ a holistic strategy involving communities across agencies and sectors. It will pursue mitigation and adaptation efforts, mobilize social and technological solutions, and advocate for international cooperation and financing to support local initiatives. The task force will facilitate the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and introduce new adaptation methods.
The document discusses climate change challenges and opportunities in Ghana, and the need for climate finance. It notes that climate change affects Ghana's development prospects now by posing risks but also opportunities through new international support mechanisms. Ghana's climate policy addresses adapting to impacts and mitigating emissions through climate-resilient and low-carbon development. Effective response requires significant financial flows above what has been committed. The document outlines MoFEP's roles in mobilizing, locating, implementing, and tracking climate finance through the national budget and public financial management systems to build large-scale response and integrate funding into wider development planning and processes.
Presentation given by Ms. Teneisha Smith and Mr. Sherwyn Greenidge, Antigua & Barbuda, as part of the NAP Global Network's Peer Learning Forum on “The Transition from Planning to Implementation in the NAP Process,” held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, from February 27-29, 2024
Similar to Masego Madzwamuse: Climate Governance in Africa: Adaptation Strategies and Institutions (20)
The AfricaAdapt website offers several benefits for joining including free publicity for projects, sharing best practices and learning from others, access to funding and job opportunities, and the latest climate change adaptation resources to use in work. It has over 1,200 members across Africa from civil society organizations, researchers, policymakers, and NGOs.
Fana Abay - The contribution of urban agriculture to climate changeAfricaAdapt
Urban agriculture can help address the impacts of climate change and increase food security in cities. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing transportation and fossil fuel use. Urban agriculture also promotes nutrient cycling, waste management through composting, and enhances the urban environment through greening. While land and water access pose difficulties, low-cost techniques like container gardening can help overcome these challenges and allow urban agriculture to provide multiple benefits in urban areas vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Tesema Alganesh: Role of gene bank in adaptation to climate change in three s...AfricaAdapt
This document summarizes a study on identifying promising adaptive variants in wheat and barley from Ethiopian gene banks. The study evaluated 100 accessions of wheat and 100 of barley across three sites in Ethiopia with the participation of 140 wheat farmers and 10 barley farmer couples. A total of 41 variants in wheat and 55 in barley exhibited excellent or promising performance across various traits. Farmers selected 23 common variants that researchers also found promising. The study highlights the importance of conserving genetic diversity and indigenous knowledge for developing improved crop varieties adapted to climate change.
Hailu Tefera/Assefa Tofu: Poverty alleviation and environmental restoration u...AfricaAdapt
The Humbo Community-based Natural Regeneration Project in Ethiopia used Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) techniques to restore over 2,728 hectares of degraded land. By involving local communities and establishing clear land rights, thousands of tree stumps were able to re-sprout. Early results included increased vegetation cover, reduced erosion, and economic benefits from firewood and non-timber forest products. The project also generated carbon credits totaling $34,184 through reducing emissions. It serves as a model for large-scale landscape restoration and community adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia.
Leulseged Yirgu: Adapting to climate change in the water sector: assessing th...AfricaAdapt
The document assesses local perceptions of and adaptations to climate change impacts on water resources in Ethiopia. It finds communities are experiencing higher temperatures, more unpredictable rainfall, and reduced river flows. While small-scale irrigation, rangeland management, social protection programs, and multiple-use water services show potential to increase adaptive capacity, interventions need to consider equitable access, sustainability, and coordination across sectors.
Holly Radice: Participatory natural resource management with Somali pastoral ...AfricaAdapt
The document discusses participatory natural resource management with Somali pastoral and agropastoral communities in Ethiopia to build resilience to climate change. It describes how communities identified climate impacts and vulnerabilities, developed community action plans, established management committees, received training, and implemented natural resource management activities and innovations. This led to immediate benefits like increased income, food access, and alternative livelihoods. Lessons learned include promoting experimentation, involving diverse community members, and using action plans to engage communities in managing natural resources and adapting to climate change.
Tennyson Magombo: Incidence of Indigenous and Innovative climate change adapt...AfricaAdapt
This study examined indigenous climate change adaptation practices of smallholder farmers in Chikhwawa District, Southern Malawi. The researchers identified several key indigenous adaptation strategies used by farmers, including crop diversification, eating a wild tuber plant called nyika, applying organic manure to fields, mixed crop-livestock farming, small-scale irrigation, and generating non-farm income. Factors like household size, income, access to markets and extension services affected the adoption of these strategies. The researchers concluded that promoting indigenous practices through improved extension, collective action, and domesticating nyika could help farmers better adapt to climate change.
Barrack Okoba: Agricultural land management: capturing synergies between clim...AfricaAdapt
The document summarizes research on the synergies between agricultural adaptation, mitigation, and profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa. It finds that many practices that increase farms' resilience to climate change also increase productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, improved crop varieties, fertilizer use, and water harvesting can boost yields while also sequestering carbon and adapting to climate change impacts. The research aims to identify "win-win-win" strategies that provide benefits across adaptation, mitigation, and profits to inform policies that promote more holistic agricultural and development approaches.
Maurice Oyoo: Biotechnology as a tool for improved agricultural yield as a re...AfricaAdapt
1) Biotechnology can help improve agricultural productivity and address issues caused by climate change such as increasing temperatures, reduced arable land, and declining crop yields.
2) Traits related to heat, drought, and pest/disease tolerance can be engineered into crops using biotechnology to help them adapt to changing conditions caused by climate change.
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Philip Otieno: Documenting the linkages between population growth, reproducti...AfricaAdapt
This document discusses the relationship between population growth, reproductive health, gender, and climate change adaptation in Kenya. It finds that high population growth increases vulnerability to climate disasters by straining resources. Promoting family planning and gender equity can help address this. However, Kenya's policies and plans still lack clear strategies to mainstream these issues into climate adaptation efforts at national and international levels.
Ryan Laddey: Africa Adaptation Programme Experiences - gender and climate cha...AfricaAdapt
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This document discusses climate change adaptation efforts in the Congo Basin region of Central Africa. While mitigation efforts have focused mainly on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), the region is already experiencing impacts from climate change like changing temperatures and rainfall patterns. The CoFCCA (Congo Basin Forest and Climate Change Adaptation) program was established to develop adaptation strategies for forests and local communities by identifying vulnerable sectors, building stakeholder capacity, and demonstrating pilot adaptation projects. Key challenges include integrating adaptation into existing forest and development policies, addressing the needs of vulnerable groups, and documenting adaptation best practices for the region.
2. Policy makers have recognized the need to integrate CC adaptation into all spheres of public policy. International responses include; additional focus on adaptation in climate change negotiation Additional focus from development cooperation through key reports focusing on Poverty & CC; and the Declaration on Integrating CC into Development Cooperation an increase in availability of finance for climate change adaptation. BUT instruments for climate change adaptation governance are under -developed - Key questions include; State of adaptation preparedness Institutional arrangements The scale of funding required for adaptation responses Mechanisms to ensure that adaptation efforts target and benefit the most vulnerable sectors of society. Background & Context
3. Appropriate strategies are required to respond to the CC challenge facing Africa – these include assessments of adaptive capacity in Africa; Thus HBF commissioned 7 country studies to assess adaptation preparedness in Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria and Ghana. For each country, the studies assessed the following; Impacts of and vulnerabilities to climate change Climate change adaptation policies, plans and strategies in the country Main institutional actors involved in climate change policy and responses including their capacity to effectively play their role Levels of public awareness on climate change; and The role played by state and non state actors in international climate change negotiations The Governance Study
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5. But it is also a local phenomena requiring the engagement of stakeholders at national and local levels
6. Key governance questions become;Who has influence? Who makes decisions? How decisions are made and how citizens and other stakeholders have their say? How power and responsibilities are exercised? CC Adaptation is a governance issue
9. Adaptation agenda falls short of key governance principles – participation, transparency & accountability Adaptation responses at national level are not devoid of political considerations – spheres of power determine policy outcomes Gvt institutions dominate the adaption agenda – space for civic engagement is limited Gvt Institutions charged with the responsibility for crafting adaptation responses lack the capacity & political will to engage with stakeholders beyond state agencies and the Pvt Sector Results in; representation of stakeholder interests & needs Lack of checks and balances to facilitate accountability and transparency Emerging Issues
13. follow a sectoral and project approach to adaptation and fail to facilitate integrated approaches to adaptation and adequately address socio-economic vulnerabilities
14. Projects/interventions proposed in NAPAs are not included in the sector plan and budgets of the responsible institutions i.e. In the case of Tanzania.Strategic visioning for climate change is undermined
15. Macro-economic development frameworks undermine adaptive capacity; The drive towards attracting FDI industrial competitiveness, fiscal policy, and moderation of wage increases so as to attract foreign investment and facilitate economic growth have marginalised the poor CC responses in agric ignore the needs of subsistence farmers i.e. agric sector due to bias towards macro-economic issues the adaptation needs of subsistence farmers are marginalised - Promote commercial farming & technological transfers Land and agrarian reform policies which have simply replaced one set of commercial farmers with a new breed of commercial farmers – as result of incentives put in place (South Africa) Capital interests have led to displacements of local land owners and resource users to make way for; major tourism interests, commercial forestry & agriculture for export A significant number of rural dwellers landless, without access to biodiversity and natural resources and vulnerable
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19. Institutions can limit access to much needed natural resources and therefore hamper adaptation responses for communities who may be faced with crises and needing to adaptThe crosscutting impacts of climate change and the imperative need for an integrated response requires a formidable set of institutions and actors to be engaged in adaptation
20. A number of coordination agencies have been established – Nation CC Committees & Specialized Units (Nigeria Special CC Unit & Ghana CC Coordination Unit) Despite these there is a prob of confused mandates, dysfunctional arrangements for inter-agency working & weak incentives for pro-active action Some of the coordination units lack the political clout and authority to facilitate the required government wide response Institutions tasked with coordination tend to be over stretched and the domestic agenda suffers Spend the bulk of their time responding to international demands UNFCCC/COP – problem of monopolizing information Meeting donor procurement requirements Low income countries such as Uganda, Tanzania and Zimbabwe have challenges with attracting and retaining skilled staff Challenges facing government institutions
21. Wide set of actors & dispersed mandates Main challenges facing government institutions Uganda actors landscape on climate change and environment (GTZ 2010
22. Decentralization & the role of local gvt needs to be strengthened. Some challenges include; Weaknesses in linkages between regional, district and lower levels of governance Overburden of environmental policy and legislative frameworks which add layers and complexity to env governance and makes things cumbersome (provides an excuse for no action) Lack of cooperation and power struggles between democratically elected structures and traditional structures Financial and human capacity constraints Main challenges facing government institutions
23. Inadequate finance for adaptation led to a jostling for coordination mandates and undermines cooperation/integrated planning Inadequate allocation of internal resources for adaptation – has implications for resource mobilisation and ODA as it reflects on the national priorities Lack of transparency and accountability Pertains mainly to corruption and financial accountability – acute within local level governance structures where systems and controls tend to be underdeveloped Problem not only confined to governments but extends to CSOs – undermines credibility Main challenges facing government institutions
24. Inadequate investment in strategic areas for climate change adaptation Most actors are involved in climate change awareness raising, capacity building and research Fewer investments in legislative aspects, coordination, advocacy and financial cooperation Climate change adaptation policies are underdeveloped and local interventions far between Main challenges facing government institutions climate change in Uganda by number of actors involved
25. Climate change has boomed as an issue of focus – in response to needs, interests and expectations of funding opportunities Very little involvement of community based organizations Space for civic engagement is limited due to financial, human resources and political constraints Faced with limited donor funding especially in middle income countries Non state Actors and Adaptive Capacity
26. Lack of coordination and limited local level adaptation activities International NGOs are considered to be implementing externally driven and disparate interests and activities leading to intangible outcomes and a general lack of oversight Very few concrete adaptation activities at local level Where coordination mechanisms exist i.e. SACCAN, NigeriaCAN, Climate Justice Now very little exchanges of experiences and sharing lessons takes place Non state Actors and Adaptive Capacity
27. Untapped potential of for private sector involvement Very few private sector entities are engaged in adaptation –even though fisheries, tourism and agriculture industries have insights into climate variability related shocks in business Business responses to adaptation are lacking Non state Actors and Adaptive Capacity
28. Research does not adequately respond to national knowledge gaps on climate change adaptation Lack financial resources and technologies to undertake policy oriented research on climate change A lack of coordination or umbrella entity guiding and prioritising research work Disjuncture between research areas and priorities in terms of knowledge gaps in adaptation policy and other responses Research capacities are being drawn down to collaborate on disparate, foreign led research which answers to external research agenda’s Inadequate dissemination of research findings Non state Actors and Adaptive Capacity
29. Donors are establishing coordination groups within the countries they operate in i.e. energy, environment, agriculture e.t.c. Few have established coordination mechanisms on climate change Main challenges include; coordination and communication is restricted to the env working groups Despite commitments to coordinated development assistance – project approach is still dominant Some donors are merely rebranding existing initiatives as climate change There is different expectations within donors and NGOs on how funding modalities for climate change will operate Development Partners
30. With these challenges a multi-tiered approach is required to build adaptive capacities in Africa On Policies: Mainstreaming climate change into economic frameworks & sectoral policies is of paramount importance The assessment of social and economic vulnerabilities need to be strengthened so as to inform processes of identifying adaptation priorities There is a need for national adaptation policies that provide clear guidelines for integration Macro-economic policies must be reviewed to ensure that they build resilience of the poor to adapt to CC impacts Key Recommendations
31. On institutional frameworks Coordination capacity needs to be strengthened and placed with a Ministry that has the political clout and convening power to facilitate integration across ministries – responding to the national agenda must be a core function Adaptation should be integrated into the planning frameworks of decentralized governance structures and adaptive capacity built at that level Need for increased adaptation funding at local and national level however priority must be given to the adaptation needs of the most vulnerable (women, small scale farmers, subsistence farmers etc) Recommendations
32. Capacities sitting within donor partners and non state actors need to be harnessed to support national adaptation needs; Respond to national priorities The role played by CSO especially needs to be acknowledged and partnerships facilitated with government Overall adaptation governance in Africa calls for a relook at the quality of growth and development, an emphasis on equity and efforts to improve levels of public engagement in the formulation of national responses Recommendations
Do no harm: This principle seeks to ensure that local populations will not find themselves more vulnerable or poorer because of the establishment of PAs. Direction: This principle refers to the need for a clear strategic vision which is shared by all key stakeholders. Direction also involves integrating the PA into the surrounding social, political and economic context, including building compatibility and maintaining a consistent approach between PA planning instruments and plans and policies at all other relevant levels and sectors.Performance: protected areas need to strike a balance between achieving biodiversity conservation and being responsive to the concerns of stakeholders. Only by doing so can they succeed in achieving their long term goals. Nevertheless, performance tends to be measured in narrow, linear terms, depending on the observer’s viewpoint.
Accountability: roles and responsibilities need to be clear, clearly communicated and decision-makers need to be accountable. All stakeholders should be able to ensure that this happens.Transparency: this principle aims to secure that all relevant information is available to all stakeholders. Transparency also refers to the openness in which transactions are undertaken and the ability of people to have access to the necessary decision-making bodies.Human rights: basic human rights such as the right of freedom of opinion, the right to own property, the right to equal access to services etc. should be respected in the context of protected area governance.
On spheres of influence - Most adaptation strategies push for technological responses and capacity building initiatives targeted at government agencies and sectors, ignoring local adaptation capacity needs of vulnerable communitiesMost adaptation strategies push for technological responses and capacity building initiatives targeted at government agencies and sectors, ignoring local adaptation capacity needs of vulnerable communitiesOf the 8 countries studied only TZ, Uganda & Ghana followed participatory approaches to developmet of adaptation responses
Adaptive capacity is dependent on policies and strategies that are responsive to the needs & enhance the resilience of the most vulnerable systems and groups in society