Trees Lose Their Leaves Later in Agroforestry SystemsIJEAB
In Brazilianagroforestry systems (AFS), Cordia oncocalyx trees, a native species of Caatinga, lose their leaves late in relation to the trees of the same species occurring in secondary forest. Our hypothesis is that, due to environmental features, the trees of the AFS maintain better water status. This work aims to present environmental humidity (rainfall, soil moisture and air relative humidity) and trees (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) data to explain the late loss of leaves in anagrosilvopastoral system (AGP) in the Brazilian semiarid region compared to a secondary forest (SF).Meteorological data were obtained from two weather stations installed in the AGP and SF areas. The physiological traits were measured using an infrared gas analyzer. There was a correlation between physiological processes (transpiration and stomatal conductance) and soil water content in plants of AGP, but not in SF, showing some independence of the plants of this system to variations in soil moisture. This indicates that AGP plants may have developed the physiological and anatomical features that enable to them to keep photosynthesis even when climatic conditions are more severe. Although the most inhospitable environmental conditions in the AGP system, the lower density of plants, and therefore less competition for water, favoring photosynthesis longer, causing the leaves to fall later.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Trees Lose Their Leaves Later in Agroforestry SystemsIJEAB
In Brazilianagroforestry systems (AFS), Cordia oncocalyx trees, a native species of Caatinga, lose their leaves late in relation to the trees of the same species occurring in secondary forest. Our hypothesis is that, due to environmental features, the trees of the AFS maintain better water status. This work aims to present environmental humidity (rainfall, soil moisture and air relative humidity) and trees (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) data to explain the late loss of leaves in anagrosilvopastoral system (AGP) in the Brazilian semiarid region compared to a secondary forest (SF).Meteorological data were obtained from two weather stations installed in the AGP and SF areas. The physiological traits were measured using an infrared gas analyzer. There was a correlation between physiological processes (transpiration and stomatal conductance) and soil water content in plants of AGP, but not in SF, showing some independence of the plants of this system to variations in soil moisture. This indicates that AGP plants may have developed the physiological and anatomical features that enable to them to keep photosynthesis even when climatic conditions are more severe. Although the most inhospitable environmental conditions in the AGP system, the lower density of plants, and therefore less competition for water, favoring photosynthesis longer, causing the leaves to fall later.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This is an avian survey in the Malagos Watershed as one of the protected areas in the island of Mindanao. There are pictures of interesting birds during the study in a very small forest fragment.
An Investigative Study on the Leaf Spots of Achyranthes aspera.Linn.IJARIIT
Plant leaves often offer a good harbour to both epiphytic and endophytic organisms. The present work
investigated the association of leaves of Achyranthes aspera, Linn. Plants and a crape myrtle aphid. Leaves with circular rosered
patches (on the underside) were collected and examined thoroughly. The spots and subsequent curling of the leaves was
resulted due to the harbouring of an endophytic aphid. The mites were isolated and sent for identification. The isolated aphid
was identified as Tinocallis kahaluokawalani (Kirkaldy). The leaves are highly medicinal, but the aphids changed its anatomy
and morphology.
¿Sabías que la Costa Vasca cuenta con 252 km de costa con playas de arena, rías, marismas, acantilados, pueblos pesqueros, faros, puertos deportivos y una mar intensamente azul?
En la Costa Vasca existe una gran actividad entre la que podrás optar por navegar en velero o kayak y obtener una perspectiva única de la costa y además conocer las singularidades de formaciones como el Flysh.
Si vienes, te contagiaremos seguramente la afición por el Surf, y las modalidades de Bodyboard, Kayak Surf o Stand Up Paddle en los numerosos enclaves surferos de la costa.
Podrás recorrer los acantilados entre pueblos pesqueros y combinar la actividad con pintxos, sidrerias o suculentas comidas en puerto.
Tambien es posible descender sus rías en canoa, entre ellas la que recorre la Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai.
This is an avian survey in the Malagos Watershed as one of the protected areas in the island of Mindanao. There are pictures of interesting birds during the study in a very small forest fragment.
An Investigative Study on the Leaf Spots of Achyranthes aspera.Linn.IJARIIT
Plant leaves often offer a good harbour to both epiphytic and endophytic organisms. The present work
investigated the association of leaves of Achyranthes aspera, Linn. Plants and a crape myrtle aphid. Leaves with circular rosered
patches (on the underside) were collected and examined thoroughly. The spots and subsequent curling of the leaves was
resulted due to the harbouring of an endophytic aphid. The mites were isolated and sent for identification. The isolated aphid
was identified as Tinocallis kahaluokawalani (Kirkaldy). The leaves are highly medicinal, but the aphids changed its anatomy
and morphology.
¿Sabías que la Costa Vasca cuenta con 252 km de costa con playas de arena, rías, marismas, acantilados, pueblos pesqueros, faros, puertos deportivos y una mar intensamente azul?
En la Costa Vasca existe una gran actividad entre la que podrás optar por navegar en velero o kayak y obtener una perspectiva única de la costa y además conocer las singularidades de formaciones como el Flysh.
Si vienes, te contagiaremos seguramente la afición por el Surf, y las modalidades de Bodyboard, Kayak Surf o Stand Up Paddle en los numerosos enclaves surferos de la costa.
Podrás recorrer los acantilados entre pueblos pesqueros y combinar la actividad con pintxos, sidrerias o suculentas comidas en puerto.
Tambien es posible descender sus rías en canoa, entre ellas la que recorre la Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai.
THE EFFECTS OF CLEARCUT SIZE ON THE BIRD COMMUNITY IN THE SECOND COLLEGE GRANTjoshmooney
Abstract. This study examines the effects of forest opening (clearcut) size on the surrounding forest-bird community with the objective of offering management suggestions for foresters who employ the clearcut method. I hypothesized that large and small clearcuts would have different effects on the forest-bird assemblage associated with each. I used the point-count method to assess bird abundance in clearcuts, on the edges, and 100 m into the forest from the edges of large and small clearcuts. I found that Neotropical migrant birds and forest-interior birds were the most affected by large clearcuts showing significantly lower abundance in forest areas 100 m from large clearcut edges than in forest areas 100 m from small clearcuts. Edge-open birds were more abundant in large clearcut openings and edges than in small clearcut openings and edges. Blue jays (an avian nest predator) were more abundant on the edges of large clearcuts than on the edges of small clearcuts. A recent study found that forest-interior bird abundance levels off after 100 m distance from small (0.4 ha) forest openings. This result combined with my findings suggest that small openings in the Second College Grant represent less of a disturbance to Neotropical migrants and forest-interior birds. Additionally, given higher abundances of an avian nest predator in large clearcuts, reproductive success could be much lower in areas associated with large clearcuts. Some species such as the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), however preferred large clearcuts suggesting that there are some benefits to overall bird abundance by including large clearcuts in a managed landscape.
It has been observed that anthropogenic activities namely, farming, tree harvesting, seasonal fire regimes, introduction of exotic tree species like Eucalyptus and Greviella, and collection of herbs for medicinal use are going on and form a major threat for the orchid Polystachya fusiformis (Thou.) Lindl. This study determined the relative abundance and distribution of the species Polystachya fusiformis (Thou.) Lindl. in the Manga range ecosystem of Kisii, Western Kenya during two flowering seasons. Other results of the present study were analyzed with SPSS version 17 for paired sample correlations, OriginPro7 t-Test and ANOVA, Minitab 16 chi-square test. From the analysis there is a significant correlation between altitude and number of orchid population clusters with a p-value of 0.008 in the distribution of Polystachya fusiformis (Thou.) Lindl. which led to rejection of the null hypothesis. The Levene’s test for equal variance shows that at α 0.05 there is a significant difference between altitude and number of clusters as indicated by the P value of 0.00004. Of the 88 sites sampled, only 41sites had orchid clusters. Principal component analysis using Unscrambler 9.7 indicated that many of the orchid population clusters fell within the range of one or two orchid population clusters. The score plots from the two Hoteling’s outputs show how well data is distributed including sample patterns, groupings, similarities and differences during the study. The two analyses illustrated how fire affects the orchid population on fire prone sites of the range. Orchid population clusters progressively increased with increase with altitude range (from 1800m to 1850m) above sea level, but number of orchid population clusters decreased towards 1950m. Sites with minimal anthropogenic disturbances (1796m, 1830m, 1854m, 1886m, and 1890m) had a higher number of orchid population clusters.
Incidence and Level of Mistletoe Infestation in Tree Species at Botswana Univ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— A survey was conducted at Botswana University of Agriculture and natural Resources at Sebele content farm to determine the intensity and level of mistletoe infestation in tree species. The intensity and the total number of trees per tree species infected by the parasitic weed were determined. Acacia eriobola, Acacia mellifera, Terminalia sericea, Ziziphus mucronata, Schinus molle, Acacia tortilis, Acacia erubesens and Acacia flekii hosted the highest number of mistletoe. Results revealed significant variation in level of mistletoe infestation between tree species. A 100% infestation was recorded in some tree species such as Acacia eriobola and Ziziphus mucronata. Severely infested indigenous tree species were dying, whereas most of the exotic tree species were either not infested or have very little number of mistletoe on them. The variation observed could be due to the fact that indigenous species the frequently visited by dispensers looking for food and shelter than exotic species. In addition, there is a possibility that the mistletoe species co-evolved with the indigenous tree species and the vector may be well established on the host tree species than on exotic species.
Reproduction of Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764)[Ruddy Shelduck] was studied in the two lakes of Middle Atlas, Morocco namely Afennourir lake and Sidi Ali lake. This water Duck is unusual to build nests at the cedar forests around these lakes. Most nests are placed in the holes in cedar trees (Cedrus atlantica) located at heights varying between 5 and 25m and an average distance of 3km lake. To characterize the nests of Ruddy Shelduck and analyze intrinsic determinants of the choice of type of nest, we conducted a factor analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) of 13 mesological descriptors studied in 22 nests around the two lakes viz., Afennourir and Sidi Ali. This treatment was performed on the basis of morphometric characters and geomorphological data of the nests.
The classification obtained allowed us to highlight the main nest groups that have similarities and correlations between them. On the whole, the density and composition of the forest around the nesting tree, the age of the nest tree, nesting orientation, the nature of the vegetation cover and the persistence of nesting tree on the soil flux are the most explanatory variables that differ in the grouping of nests. The Ruddy Shelduck mainly uses the following techniques to build the nest: Presence of a dense and diverse forest stands with old cedar forests, soil cover flush with the shaft supporting the nest and Southwest orientation or Southeast opening of nests. This analysis confirms that the cedar forests around the Middle Atlas lakes offer good conditions for the construction of nests for this species.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
1. LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 102-106. 2007.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF PLEUROTHALLIS, MASDEVALLIA,
LEPANTHES AND EPIDENDRUM EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN A FRAGMENT
OF MONTANE CLOUD FOREST IN SOUTH ECUADOR
LORENA RIOFRÍO1,3, CARLOS NARANJO1, JOSÉ M. IRIONDO2 & ELENA TORRES2
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja, Ecuador
1
2
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, E-28040 - Madrid, Spain
3
Author for correspondence: mlriofrio@utpl.edu.ec
KEY WORDS: altitudinal range, colonization, phorophyte specificity, phorophyte trunk diameter, seed disper-
sal, spatial patterns
Orchids are the most diverse family of vascular dinal range of the fragment studied? Are there specif-
plants in Ecuador with 228 genera and nearly 4000 ic patterns in their spatial distribution resulting from
species. More than 60% of these species are epi- seed dispersal characteristics? Do plants of these
phytes, being Pleurothallis R.Br., Epidendrum L., orchids exhibit any preference over the trees where
Lepanthes Sw. and Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., with they grow? Does phorophyte trunk diameter affect
472, 358, 314 and 226 species respectively, some of the establishment of these orchids? The results pre-
the genera with greater number of epiphytic orchids sented, although preliminary, provide useful informa-
(Dodson 1994-2003). tion for orchid management plans.
Although Ecuador is among those countries with the The study was carried out in a fragment of regener-
highest orchid biodiversity in the world, it also has one ated forest located on the Loja-Zamora Chinchipe road,
of the highest rates of deforestation: 1.2% of the coun- on the border of Podocarpus National Park (southern
try’s forests are lost each year (FAO 2005). Extensive Ecuador). The age of the forest is about 30 years old,
deforestation practices currently taking place pose a and it is characterized by a steep slope (51%), with
major threat for the survival of these orchids as they trees 5-8 m high and lianas that are over 10 m long.
are greatly dependent on the environmental conditions Mean annual precipitation is 2700 mm, and annual
of the forests that sustain them, and the host trees mean temperature is 15.5 º C (14.4 - 17.5 º C).
(phorophytes) on which they grow. Thus, understand- A total of nine 10 x 10 m plots were established at
ing of orchid-phorophyte interactions, as well as the 2200, 2230 and 2250 m a.s.l. (three plots in each alti-
patterns of spatial distribution and colonization in sec- tude). All trees (including fern trees), shrubs and lianas
ondary succession forests regenerated after deforesta- of diameter at breast height (DBH) over 1 cm were
tion, is essential for the in situ conservation. determined at the genus level, measured and mapped.
Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted in this The census included 1025 vascular plants belonging to
field, and scientific basis supporting population rein- more than 70 different genera. Miconia Ruiz & Pav.
forcement or reintroduction actions is scarce. (148 trees), Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb. (65 trees), Clusia
The purpose of this study is to assess the spatial L. (59 trees), Elaeagia Wedd. (59 trees) and Psammisia
distribution of epiphytic orchids of the above-men- Klotzsch (56) were the most frequent genera.
tioned genera in an Ecuadorian fragment of secondary Presence and abundance of all orchids occurring in
montane cloud forest to infer patterns of seed disper- the first 3 m height were also recorded. In this zone,
sal and colonization. In addition, the effects of phoro- which corresponds to zone 1 of Johansson’s scheme,
phyte identity and size on orchid establishment are the microclimatic conditions are relatively constant
analyzed. Specifically the questions posed are: Do the (Johansson 1974). In total 2798 orchids belonging to
distributions of Pleurothallis, Epidendrum, 12 genera were identified. Although it is difficult to
Lepanthes, and Masdevallia plants vary in the altitu- make comparisons between different researches