Sonal Gupta submitted a project report on the design of a library reference desk for higher secondary students. The report includes research on popular desk designs used in school libraries, sketches of potential shapes and forms, and material considerations. It also provides orthographic projections and detailed drawings of the proposed curved desk design. The design aims to provide a functional workspace for the librarian with separate areas for student passes, computer, printer, and circulation materials.

2. Project Report On:
PRODUCT DESIGN
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College
Towards The Partial Fulfillment Of
2nd Year Commercial Design Diploma,
NSQF Level 6 Of NSDC
By:
SONAL GUPTA
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel-01452624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2017

3. LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Am Sonal Gupta, Student Of Dezyne E’cole College, I Am Extremely
Grateful To Each And Every Individual Who Has Contributed In Successful
Completion Of My Project.
I Am Express My Gratitude Towards Dezyne E’cole College For Their
Guidance And Constant Supervision As Well As For Providing The Necessary
Information And Support Regarding The Completion Of Project.
Thank You

4. LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
SYNOPSIS
The Project Has Assigned Me During My 2nd Year Commercial Design
Diploma. I Learnt About Different Commercial Spaces Like Retail, Visual
Merchandise, Product Design. In The Product Design Project I First Consider
That What Is The Requirements Of The Client, What Kind Of Project The
Market Wants The Most, Why I Should Make The Product, What Benefits It
Will Provide To The Person Who Will Use The Product At The Same Time I
Designed The Product Which Should Be Equilibrate With The Surrounding.
Along With All Those Points I Made An Brain Storming Paper, Research
Board, Concept Board, Material Board, Colour Board. This Project Has Been
Created Under The Guidance Of Ms. Divya Sharma
I Am Thankful To Dezyne E’cole College

5. LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
CONTENT

6. COMMERCIAL DESIGN

7. INTRODUCTION OF COMMERCIAL DESIGN
Professional commercial interior designers must have knowledge and understanding of
space planning, interior design, and project management, along with business skills.
They also need creativity and imagination. Many commercial interior designers receive
their formal training by completing interior design bachelor’s programs, such as a
Bachelor of Arts in Interior Design.
Commercial interior design is the process of creating and overseeing the construction or
renovation of a commercial space. Involving much more than simply decorating the
interior of the space, commercial design will address such issues as the choice of
building materials, the layout and placement of interior walls, plumbing and power
systems, and even coordinating communications with construction professionals,
owners and service providers. This level of interior design requires the interior designer
to have a solid working knowledge of architecture, as well as a sense for creating
functional and attractive setting within the space.
Interior designers who specialize in commercial interior design often work with clients
to develop a plan that begins with the actual construction or renovation of the building.
This first segment of the process is often referred to as Field Verification. Essentially, this
step has to do with taking measurements at the work site to determine the exact
dimension of the existing building shell or to determine the measurements for the
building that will be constructed. At the same time, ideas about ceiling and lighting
options will begin to emerge, as well as ideas about how to best arrange the interior
space to meet the needs of the client.
This data is that used to prepare schematics that reflect the current conditions of the
building site. Known in commercial interior design as the “as-built” or “as-in” drawings,
these basis plans are plotted according to scale, and will be invaluable in developing the
ideas for arranging the major construction elements of the interior space. In a sense,
creating these starter plans forms the basis for the entire interior design project.
With a working knowledge of how things are currently set up, it is possible to begin
planning the future condition of the space. Here, interior designers will begin to adapt
the existing floor plan to a new scheme that may involve using some of the existing
elements, while doing away with others, and adding new touches and new architecture.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

8. INTRODUCTION OF COMMERCIAL DESIGN
Once the final plans and drafted and accepted, many commercial interior designs will
get to work handling the preliminary details for the client.
This can include obtaining any necessary building permits, communicating with any
current tenants of the building, and arranging the contracts with plumbers, electricians,
and construction professionals. Throughout the project, the designers will remain in
communication with everyone involved with the project, making sure progress in
consistent and any issues are addressed in timely manner. Commercial interior design
can be used to create office building, manufacturing plants, and even apartment
complexes with equal proficiency.
Designing commercial interiors involves designing the interior of any facility that serve
business purpose. Facilities that fall under the category of commercial interior design
include businesses that invite the public in. Other restrict public access but are business
enterprise such as corporate offices or manufacturing facilities, commercial interior are
also part of publicly owned facilities such as libraries, courtyards, government offices,
and airport terminals.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

9. INTRODUCTION OF PRODUCT DESIGN
Product design process: the set of strategic and tactical activities,
from idea generation to commercialization, used to create a
product design. In a systematic approach, product designers
conceptualize and evaluate ideas, turning them into tangible
inventions and products. Product design is conceptualization of an
idea about a product and transformation of the idea into a reality.
Product design is a comfort for humans used in our daily activities
for example Mobile, car, furniture etc.
Product design is very important for everyone. Product design
happens when decisions are made and everyone should be
decision makers. In interior product design is very technical work.
Product are made with functionality Aesthetically, Reliability,
Productivity, Quality etc. Products are made for human comforts.
Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various
human activities such as seating (chair, stools, and sofas), Tables for
eating and Beds for sleeping . At the dawn of human civilisation
when the concept of furniture was not yet known, man driven only
by the need to make life easier in a natural way used various
objects made spontaneously by nature.
A trunk of a tree felled by the wind or rock served as a place to sit,
a flat stone block served as a base for performing a variety of
common work and soft moss or woollen skins served as a bed over
the years, as a result of the creative activity of humans, artefacts
began to be made which replaced the spontaneously made objects
mentioned earlier. People made products for fulfilment of our need
but don’t focus on comfort anthropometric and ergonomics etc in
past periods.
The product designer’s role is to combine art, science, and
technology to create new products that people can use. Their
evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that now allow
designers to communicate, visualize, analyse and actually produce
tangible ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in
the past.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

10. INTRODUCTION OF PRODUCT DESIGN
Product design is sometimes confused with (and certainly overlaps
with) industrial design, and has recently become a broad term
inclusive of service, software, and physical product design.
Industrial design is concerned with bringing artistic form and
usability, usually associated with craft design and ergonomics,
together in order to mass
produce goods. Other aspects of product design include
engineering design, particularly when matters of functionality or
utility are at issue, through such boundaries are not always clear.
The product design is a designers centred programme that
encourages individual vision and philosophy of a designer to drive
the design and develop process. You will develop a range of
communication media from drawing, model-making, computer-
aiding-design, prototyping scale and full size realisation of your
design.
Through commercial projects, field trips to experience design in a
different culture and the opportunity of a work placement, it’ll be
given all the skills needed to help us succeed within the world of
design. he course allows us to focus and develop our artistic and
individual approach through experimentation to meet the needs of
client. Through a range of diverse and stimulating projects you will
explore many aspects of product design; from the understanding of
user needs, to the exploration of design through communication
work. We will develop a range of key communication skills using a
range of media and methods from drawing, model making and
building.
The results were discussed in the steering committee and the
conclusion were used for the conclusion were used for the final
order of the products. All products could be tested by all users for
the period of one week. Pupil’s desks and chairs were tested in
certain classes for three weeks. A Latin Square Design was used for
the avoidance of coincidence effects.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

11. HISTORY OF FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Ancient Egyptian
Furniture
Jacobean
Furniture
Ancient Egyptian
Furniture
Rococo Furniture
Ancient Greek
Furniture
Renaissance
Furniture
Colonial Furniture
Revival Furniture

12. Art Nouveau
Furniture
Contemporary
Furniture
Art Deco
Furniture
Bauhaus
Furniture
Modern
Furniture
HISTORY OF FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

13. HISTORY OF FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION
At the dawn of human civilization, when the concept of furniture was not yet known,
man driven only by the need to make life easier, in a natural way used various objects
made spontaneously by nature. Over the years, as a result of the creative activity of
humans, artefacts began to be made which replaced the spontaneously made objects.
Over the centuries, due to the preferences of societies that lived in a given age, their
dorms changed. New types of furniture were created that fulfilled specific functions: to
sit, lie down, for work, for dining, storage and others.
The remaining furniture constructions from the first dynasty of ancient Egypt are
accepted as the beginning of the history of furniture. There is much evidence to suggest
that furniture was manufactured and used by humans in the late Palaeolithic and early
Neolithic period.
The most commonly used material for manufacturing furniture was wood.
Archaeological finds, however, indicate that steppe and permafrost terrains, stone,
metal and animal bones, especially mammoth bones, were also used. Lifestyle was
conducive to the creation of innovations, which preceded the civilization achievements
of the first sedentary farmers and breeders.
The art of making furniture in the ancient times, is the Neolithic village of Skara Brae
located on the western coast of Orkney in Great Britain, from 3200 B.C. in the
reconstructed rooms of the old one-room households one can find; wardrobe, beds and
cupboards made of stone. The use of furniture in the Neolithic Era is also shown by the
stone figurines of sleeping or seated figures of women.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

14. SCHOOL FURNITURE

15. INTRODUCTION OF SCHOOL FURNITURE
A school is a learning space in which both the children and adults learn about things.
The classroom attempts to provide a space where learning can take place. Students
spend a large part of their school days in the design of school furniture on their
behaviour and health has received comparatively little attention.
It Is Suggested That Children Should Be Given More Choice In Their Seating, And Better
Guidance Should Be Individuals Involved In Education In Order To Inform Their Decision
Making About Classroom Furniture And The Postural Anthropometric And Orthopedic
Aspect Of Sitting And Related Activities.
School Furniture Should Be Designed By Taking Into Account Of Student Age Group, The
Type Of Working They Are Doing In Different Classes, Having Some Storage Facilities.
Safety Purpose Is Also A Major Aspect In Designing School Furniture Because Physical
Activities Are Higher In Smaller Age Group Students. Diversity In Designing Should,
Therefore Taking Into And Promote Solution That Not Only Improve The Figure, But Also
Ensure Freedom And Mobility Of Both Children And Furniture.
It Is Important That The Product Meets The Expected Usable Requirements, During
Design Process, It Needs To Be Made Sure That The Surfaces Of Worktops Of Tables Are
Finished With Materials Of High Resistance To High Temperature, Abrasion, Scratches,
Impacts And Discoloration And Also That They Do Not Give Off Light Reflection And
Enable Easy Maintenance Of Hygiene.
The fulfillment of ergonomics requirements by school furniture still does not entitle
them to be placed in a classroom. It is important that the product meets the expected
usable requirements, which the specifics of schoolrooms and the nature of the pupil
environment are presented with.
Therefore, during the design process, it needs to be made sure that the surfaces of
worktops of tables are finished with materials of high resistance to high temperatures,
abrasion, scratches, impacts and discoloration, and also that they do not give of light
reflections and enable easy maintenance of hygiene.
Only such a team is able to develop the values of factors responsible for optimum
shapes and constructional solutions of furniture. Differences in the height of polish
children (boys and girls) aged from 7 to 12 years amount to 30 cm. on average , while in
children between 13 and 15 years only 12 cm.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

16. CASE STUDY
I Have To Design An Librarian Desk Higher Secondary Students. I Am Required To
Develop Such Design Which Are Fulfil All Needs Of Librarian. It Has Easy To Clean,
Hygienic. It Has Functional And Fulfil All Purpose Of Librarian. The Requirements Of
Client Is:
A Separate Place For Students Passes
A Working Place
A Computer
A Printer
Proper Space For Circulation
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

17. RESEARCH BOARD
Before Designing Library
Reference Desk I Have
Research About Various Types
Of Desk Using In School Library
Which Are Very Popular And
Are In Trend And I Have Also
Studied About The Various
Shapes And Forms Used In
Desk. Then I Reached About
The New Techniques For Hiding
Wires In Furniture.
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

18. REASERCH BOARD
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Different Shapes Of Library Desk
Straight Shape L Shape
U Shape
Semicircle Shape Completely Circle Shape
Rectangular Shape
Curve Shape

19. RESEARCH BOARD
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Stick Wooden Plank For Counter Top Finishing Counter Top For Appling
Laminate
Curving Counter Top Glossy White Laminate For Top Of The
Counter
Finished Drawer With Runners Hidden Switch For Charging Computer
And Printer
How To Make Library Desk

20. MATERIAL BOARD
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
38mm Thick Plywood
Ash wood & Glossy
White Laminate
Under Desk Spinal Cord
Duct
Fevicol Adhesive
Drawer Runners Locks For Drawers
Screw
Drawer Handles
Light Plugs

21. BRAIN STORMING PAPERS
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

22. BRAIN STORMING PAPERS
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

23. BRAIN STORMING PAPERS
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

24. BRAIN STORMING PAPERS
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

25. DETAIL DRAWING
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Top Plan Right View
Front View
Back View
Left View

26. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Front View
Back ViewTop View

27. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK
Left View
Isometric View
Right View

28. VIEWS
LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK

29. THANK YOU
SONAL GUPTA
2nd Year commercial Design Diploma
NSQF Level-6 (NSDC)