solutions to obesity.pptx
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The document discusses solutions to obesity, including physical exercise and diet control, surgeries like bariatric procedures, and drugs. It notes that drugs are less effective than other options and weight can be regained. Surgeries are invasive and can cause other health issues. The document then focuses on modern pharmacotherapy for obesity, describing different types of drugs that work by decreasing appetite, increasing thermogenesis, or inhibiting digestion. These include sibutramine, rimonabant, and orlistat, but they can have side effects. The rest of the document discusses natural sources of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, including from plants, actinomycetes, algae, and fungi.
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present in food. They are required by the body in small amounts to regulate metabolism and to maintain normal
growth and functioning. Minerals are vital because they are the building blocks that make up the muscles, tissues, and
bones. They also are important to many life-supporting systems, such as hormones, transport of oxygen, and enzyme
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poor diet may have an injurious impact on health, causing nutrition deficiency diseases such as scurvy and
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- 2. Copyright 2013-2014 Thursday, June 16, 2022 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA 2 Background • Obesity is the chronic imbalance of the uptake of energy and burning of calories. • Epidemiological estimates suggest that 2.7 billion people worldwide are above their ideal weight (World Health Organisation, 2015). • Obesity is blamed as a contributing factor in over 300,000 deaths per year. • It is the second most cause of preventable deaths after tobacco (Nichols et al., 2012).
- 3. Copyright 2013-2014 Thursday, June 16, 2022 THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA 3 The trouble with FAT…. Arthritis Myocardial Infarction Diabetes Mellitus Hyper lipidemia Gastritis
- 4. Copyright 2013-2014 Thursday, June 16, 2022 4 Solutions to obesity Obesity Physical exercise and diet control Surgeries (bariatric) Drugs Less effective and individual easily gains weight soon (Hill and Wyatt, 2005) Invasive , causes osteopenia and many other metabolic disorders (Maciejewski et al. 2011) Further characterized on mode of action. Some drugs are safe
- 5. Copyright 2013-2014 Modern pharmacotherapy for obesity Thursday, June 16, 2022 5 Decrease in appetite Sibutramine • Dry mouth •Cardiovascular diseases •Withdrawn from the market in 2010 (James et al., 2000) Thermogenic agents Rimonabant • Psychiatric •Neurological disorders (Marzo and Matias, 2005) Digestive inhibitors Orlistat • Oily stools •Flatulence (Finer et al., 2000) Therapeutic options
- 6. Copyright 2013-2014 Pancreatic lipase inhibitors Are the molecules that bind to mainly pancreatic lipases thereby reducing their action on triglycerides. Hence the ingested fats is not absorbed and is excreted out of the body. Orlistat from actinobacterium Streptomyces toxytricini (Suwailem et al., 2006). Thursday, June 16, 2022 6
- 7. Copyright 2013-2014 Thursday, June 16, 2022 7 Source Class Name of the source Lipase inhibitor Reference Plants Quercus infectoria Methanol extracts Glolamhoseinian et al., 2010 Eremochloa ophiuroides Flavones Lee et al., 2010 Actinomycetes Streptomyces lavendulae Esterastin Umezawa et al., 1978 Streptomyces aburaviensis Ebelactone Nonkana et al., 1996 Streptomyces sp. p-amino phenyl acetaldehyde Tokdar et al., 2011 Algae Dictyopteris latiuscula Tannins Bitou et al., 1999 Caulerpa taxifolia Caulerpyrene Tomoda et al., 2002 Sargassum fulvellum Fucoxanthinol Matsumoto et al., 2010 Fungi Isaria sinclairii Crude powder Ahn et al., 2007 Phellinus linteus Protein Lee et al., 2010 Table 1. Lipase inhibitors from different biological sources Sources of lipase inhibitors