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Solar Irradiation
DNI is acronymfor DiffusedNormal Irradiance whichrepresentsthe amountof lightthatiscoming
perpendiculartosurface.The surface here representsgroundorsomethingparallel toground.Thistype
of irradiance belongstorays thatcome ina straightline fromthe directionof the sunat its current
positioninthe sky. Solarcollectors,panelsmaximizethisDHIbymeansof tiltingorrotatingwithangle
of sun.
DHI isacronym forDiffusedHorizontal Irradiance whichrepresentssolarradiationthatdoesnotarrive
on a directpath fromthe sun,but has beenscatteredby cloudsandparticlesinthe atmosphere and
comesequallyfromall directions.
GHI isacronym forGlobal Horizontal Irradiance whichrepresentsthe total amountof shortwave
radiationreceivedfromabove byasurface whichis horizontal (parallel) tothe ground. GHI isthe most
importantparameterforcalculationof PV electricityyield. BothDHI& DNI are actuallycomponentsof
GHI and mathematically,
Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) = DirectNormal Irradiance (DNI)*cos(solarzenithangle) + Diffused
Horizontal Irradiance (DHI)
GTI isacronym forGlobal TiltedIrradiance whichrepresents irradiation that falls on a tilted surface.
Unlike a horizontal surface which is parallel to ground, a tilted surface also receives small amount of
ground-reflected radiation (REF). GTI is an approximate value for the energy yield calculation of fixed
installed tilted PV panels.
Optimum angle referstothe angle atwhichPV modulesshouldbe orientedinorderto generate
maximumelectricity.

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Solar concepts

  • 1. Solar Irradiation DNI is acronymfor DiffusedNormal Irradiance whichrepresentsthe amountof lightthatiscoming perpendiculartosurface.The surface here representsgroundorsomethingparallel toground.Thistype of irradiance belongstorays thatcome ina straightline fromthe directionof the sunat its current positioninthe sky. Solarcollectors,panelsmaximizethisDHIbymeansof tiltingorrotatingwithangle of sun. DHI isacronym forDiffusedHorizontal Irradiance whichrepresentssolarradiationthatdoesnotarrive on a directpath fromthe sun,but has beenscatteredby cloudsandparticlesinthe atmosphere and comesequallyfromall directions. GHI isacronym forGlobal Horizontal Irradiance whichrepresentsthe total amountof shortwave radiationreceivedfromabove byasurface whichis horizontal (parallel) tothe ground. GHI isthe most importantparameterforcalculationof PV electricityyield. BothDHI& DNI are actuallycomponentsof GHI and mathematically, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) = DirectNormal Irradiance (DNI)*cos(solarzenithangle) + Diffused Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) GTI isacronym forGlobal TiltedIrradiance whichrepresents irradiation that falls on a tilted surface. Unlike a horizontal surface which is parallel to ground, a tilted surface also receives small amount of ground-reflected radiation (REF). GTI is an approximate value for the energy yield calculation of fixed installed tilted PV panels. Optimum angle referstothe angle atwhichPV modulesshouldbe orientedinorderto generate maximumelectricity.