all about minerals

1. Minerals
• In addition to vitamins your body
also needs 16 minerals .
• They regulate cell function and
provide structure for cells.
• Approximately 4% of the body's
mass consists of Minerals.

2. • They are classified as
• 1.Trace minerals (body requires less
than 100 mg/day),
• 2.Major minerals (body requires
more than 100 mg/day).
• Minerals can be found in water and
soil and in root plants and animals.

3. • 1.Trace Minerals
• The trace minerals are iron, zinc,
copper, selenium, iodine, fluorine
and chromium.
• 2.Major Minerals
• The major minerals are sodium,
potassium, calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, manganese, sulphur,
cobolt and chlorine.

4. • Function
• Minerals serve three roles:
• They provide structure in forming bones
and teeth
• They help maintain normal heart rhythm,
muscle contractility, neural conductivity,
and acid-base balance
• They help regulate cellular metabolism
by becoming part of enzymes and
hormones that modulate cellular activity

5. Daily Requirements
• Minerals cannot be made in the body and
must be obtained in our diet.
• The daily requirements of minerals required
by the body can be obtained from a well
balanced diet. Like vitamins, excess minerals
can produce toxic effects.
• The following are the recommended daily
requirements (RDR or RDA) of almost
everyone, including those with high needs.

6. Daily requirements
Mineral Men Women
Calcium 1000 milligram 1200 milligram
Sodium 1100 milligram 3300 milligram
Potassium 2000 milligram 2000 milligram

7. Mineral Men Women
Iron 10 milligram 15 milligram
Zinc 15 milligram 12 milligram
Magnesium 350 milligram 280 milligram

8. Mineral Men Women
Phosphorus 800 milligram 1200 milligram
Chlorine 700 milligram 700 milligram
Fluorine 1.5 milligram 4 milligram
Copper 2 milligram 2 milligram

9. Mineral Men Women
Selenium 0.07 milligram 0.05 milligram
Iodine
150 micro-
gram
150 micro-
gram
Chromium 0.2 milligram 0.2 milligram

10. • Vitamin and mineral interactions
• Many vitamins and minerals interact
and combination is needed.
• e.g. a good balance of vitamin D,
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
zinc, fluoride, chloride, manganese,
copper and sulphur is required for
healthy bones.

11. • Many of them can enhance or
impair another vitamin or
mineral's absorption and
functioning
• e.g. an excessive amount of
iron can cause a deficiency in
zinc.

12. Importance
• Copper: A mineral that is important
for nerve function, bone
maintenance, growth, blood
formation and utilization of glucose.
• sources: organ meats, sea foods,
nuts and seeds.

13. • Fluoride: A mineral that is important to
dental and bone health. Greatly improves
resistance to cavitites
• sources: fluoridated water, foods cooked
in or containing fluoridated water, fish
with bones that are eaten, and tea.
• Iodine: A mineral essential for the
production of thyroid hormones.
• sources: seafoods, iodized salt

14. • Calcium:A mineral important for
strong teeth and bones and for
muscle and nerve function. The
major mineral constituent of bone.
• sources: milk and milk products, fish
with bones that are eaten, turnip
and mustard greens, tofu, almonds
and broccoli.

15. • Chloride: A mineral that regulates
body fluid volume, concentration
and acid-base balance. Balance
intertwined with that of sodium.
• sources: table salt (sodium chloride),
foods processed with table salt, milk,
milk products, eggs and seafoods.

16. • Chromium: A mineral important in regulating
blood glucose.
• chromium works with insulin to help your
body use blood sugar,
• But there's no proof chromium can prevent
the disease.
• There's also no proof that taking chromium
supplements can increase your muscle mass,
help you lose weight, reduce cholesterol and
prevent osteoporosis.
• sources: brewer's yeast, whole grains and
meats

17. • Iron: An essential constituent of blood and muscle
and important for the transport of oxygen.
• Certain groups will have low iron levels.
• These include young children and early teens, women
with heavy menses, women with multiple pregnancies,
and people with conditions that cause internal
bleeding, such as ulcers or intestinal diseases.
• In fact high iron levels also increase risk of heart
attack and atherosclerosis.
• In Genetic disease like hemochromatosis, iron
supplements could cause a hazardous iron buildup in
your body.
• sources: liver, red meat, egg yolk, legumes, whole or
enriched grains and dark green vegetables.

18. • Magnesium: A mineral found
mainly inside muscles, soft
tissues and bone.
• It functions in many enzyme
processes.
• sources: nuts, legumes, whole
grains and green vegetables.

19. • Manganese: A mineral that is important
for growth, reproduction, formation of
bone, and carbohydrate metabolism.
• sources: whole grains, fruits, vegetables
and tea.
• Molybdenum: A mineral involved in
many enzyme processes, nerve function
and protein metabolism.
• sources: milk, beans, breads and cereals.

20. • Phosphorus: A mineral essential
to bone formation and
maintenance, energy
metabolism, nerve function and
acid balance.
• sources: meat, poultry, fish, eggs,
dairy products and cereal
products.

21. • Potassium: A mineral that is
essential for nerve function,
muscle contraction and
maintenance of normal blood
pressure.
• sources: fruits and vegetables.

22. • Selenium: A mineral associated with
antioxidant properties and fat
metabolism.
• It prevents cancer and cardiovascular
disease.
• selenium supplements decrease cancer
risk.
• Taking excessive amounts of selenium
may cause hair and nail loss.
• sources: seafoods and organ meats.

23. • Sodium: A mineral that regulates
body fluid volume, concentration
and acid-base.
• sources: table salt (sodium
chloride), foods processed with
table salt, milk, milk products,
eggs and seafoods.

24. • Zinc: A mineral involved in wound
healing, taste sensation, growth
and sexual maturation and part
of many enzymes regulating
metabolism.
• sources: meat, liver, eggs and
seafood (oysters)

25. THANK YOU