flaps in surgery slideshare
plastic surgery
cosmetic surgery
African experience
NIGERIAN SURGERY
HISTORY OF FLAPS
medicine
medical school
burrows triangle
rotational flaps
transpositional flaps
Micro vascular free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction /certified fi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Flap coverage in upper extremities in trauma VishalPatil483
SEMINAR PRESENTED BY DR VISHAL PATIL ,IN THE DEPT OF TRAUMA SURGERY AND CRITICAL CARE, AIIMS RISHIKESH
INCLUDES-INTRODUCTION-CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLAP-COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO FLAP COVERAGE- FLAP USED IN HAND AND UPPER EXTREMITY SOFT TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION WITH PICTURES OF IT
Flaps for reconstruction/periodontics courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A power point on the various types of flaps and their respective indications. This presentation briefly describes the various flaps and how to care for flaps.
flaps in surgery slideshare
plastic surgery
cosmetic surgery
African experience
NIGERIAN SURGERY
HISTORY OF FLAPS
medicine
medical school
burrows triangle
rotational flaps
transpositional flaps
Micro vascular free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction /certified fi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Flap coverage in upper extremities in trauma VishalPatil483
SEMINAR PRESENTED BY DR VISHAL PATIL ,IN THE DEPT OF TRAUMA SURGERY AND CRITICAL CARE, AIIMS RISHIKESH
INCLUDES-INTRODUCTION-CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLAP-COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO FLAP COVERAGE- FLAP USED IN HAND AND UPPER EXTREMITY SOFT TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION WITH PICTURES OF IT
Flaps for reconstruction/periodontics courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A power point on the various types of flaps and their respective indications. This presentation briefly describes the various flaps and how to care for flaps.
FLAPS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY (monday ppt).pptxaasthamoza
Method and type of flaps used for head and neck reconstruction. Comprising of local regional and free flaps. Indications and pitfalls in each type of flap .
Local & regional flaps /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
10. A) Depending on location
a) Local flaps
b) Locoregional flap
c) Distant flaps
B) Depending on blood supply
a) Random
b) Axial
C) Depending upon content
a) Fasciocutaneous flap
b) Fasciomyocutaneous
c) fasciomyoosseocutaneous flap
d) Sensate flap
D) Mathes and Nehai’s classification
classification
23. • Apex of the flap
should 3-4 mm
below medial
canthus of eye
• The medial border
of the flap lies on
nasolabial groove
• Lateral border of
the flap is marked
depending upon
laxity of the
available skin after
performing pinch
test
• Flap is raised in
supramascular
plane
• Tunnel is created
• Inset of the flap Is
done through
created tunnel and
donor area is
closed primarily
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. PMMC flap
• The pectoralis major myocutaneous
(PMMC) flap has been used as a versatile and
reliable flap since its first description by Ariyan in
1979
• It is myofasciocutaneous flap
• Axial blood supply (pectoral branch of
thoracoacromion artery)
• Considered as workhorse flap
30.
31. • Skin paddle is marked after
measuring the length from the
defect
• 3 points are marked – sternum,
xiphisternum, acromion
• Sternum –acromion line is
joined and xiphisternum
acromion line is joined
• Line drawn from center of
sternum – acromion line on
xiphisternum acromion line
• Pedicle is marked on this new
line
• Incision is marked from axilla to
skin paddle
32. 1.Incision is taken from axilla and superior and
inferior skin flaps are raised around the skin
paddle
2.Tagging sutures on skin paddle are taken
3.Flap is then raised above pectoris minor muscle
4.Pectoris major pedicle is then identified
5.Tunnel is created above clavicle
6.PMMC flap is then passed through tunnel
gently and inset of the flap is done in oncology
defect
7.Donor area is closed primarily
Flap Harvesting
33.
34. -The deltopectoral flap was popularized by Bakamijian in the
mid-1960 and remained popular for some time as a workhorse for
reconstruction of oropharyngeal and hvpopharvngeal defects
-The medially based deltopectoral flap was considered in the past
to be the workhorse for reconstruction of oropharyngeal and
pharyngoesophageal defects.
-The flap derives its primary blood
supply from the perforating branches of the internal mammary
artery through the second, third and fourth intercostal spaces.
-The proximal part of the flap therefore has an axial blood supply.
However, the blood supply to the distal one-third of the
deltopectoral flap is of random pattern through the subdermal
plexus.
-The skin overlying the deltoid region derives its blood
supply from the anterior perforating branch of the acrorniothoracic
artery. This artery, however, is divided when the deltopectoral flap
is elevated and therefore the distal third of the flap derives its
blood supply through random pattern blood vessels of the
subcutaneous plexus.
Deltopectoral flap
35. • Deltopectoral flap marking which includes 1st,
2nd & 3rd IMA perforator
• The incision line is extending deltopectoral
grove
• Subfascial flap is raised & inset of flap is done in
oncology defect
• Donor area is closed with primary or STSG
• 2nd surgery is performed after 3 weeks for
pedicle detachment
36. Forehead flap
• Also called as temporl flap
• In 800BC sushruta, described a nasal reconstruction approach based on
pedicled forehead flap
• Later described by McGregor in 1963
• Its an axil pattern myocutaneous flap provide large area of skin &
subcutaneous tissue
• Based on the site 1) median forehead flap (based on supratrochlear + dorsal
nasal)
• 2)paramedian forehead flap ( based on supratrochlear +
supraorbital)
• 3) laterally based forehead flap (based on superfacial
temporal + posterior auricular)
39. • In this case, laterally based forehead flap was used for reconstruction of lower lip defect
• Donor area was closed with STSG
• Vertical extension of the incision of the base of the flap was done to increase the flap reach
• 2nd surgery was performed after 3 weeks for detachment of the peduncle of the flap
• This flap can be used for intraoral defects by creating tunnel.
40. Antero-lateral thigh flap
• First described by Song et al
• It’s a fasciocutaneous or
myofasciocutaneous free flap
• It has axial blood supply from
descending or oblique branch of
lateral circumflex femoral artery
• Musculocutaneous perforators are
more than septocutaneous
perforators
42. • After marking superior incision is taken
• Identification of RF muscle
• Lift the muscle to identify descending branch of latral
circumflex femolar artery and vena comitans
• Identification of perforators
• Deroofing of perforators and trace till main pedicle
• Identify and separate femoral nerve branches from
pedicle
• Complete inferior incision and raise flap
• Check for bright red color bleeding from edges
• Detach pedicle as superior as possible
• Primary closure of donor area
Harvesting technique
Advantages:-
1) Can be used for large defects
2) Simple anatomy and easy to
harvest
3) Most of the time donor area can
be closed primarily
4) No donor side morbidity
Disadvantages :-
1) Injury to cutaneous branch of
femoral nerve can cause numbness
in lateral thigh region
2) Defattening is required in Patient
with very thick thigh
43. Radial forearm flap
• Yang Goufan described this flap
for the first time
• It is mainly used as
fasciocutaneous flap but also can
be used as osseocutaneous flap
• It is axial pattern flap based on
radial artery and its vena
comitans
• Mainly used for reconstruction of
tongue defects
44. • Preoperatively Allen’s test is done
• Marking for flap is done
• Tourniquet is then activated
• Vertical incision in suprafascial layer is taken to
identify cephalic vein & dissection of cephalic
vein is done
• Identification and separation of ante-brachial
cutaneous nerve
• Superior incision of the skin paddle is then taken
and superfacial branch of radial nerve is
identified and separated from the skin paddle
• Complete the skin paddle incision and the radial
artery and its vena comitans are identified and
double ligated with linen thread and liga clips
• Again check for blood circulation of the hand
• Slowly dissect the radial artery along with skin
paddle between brachioradialis and flexor carpi
radialis
• Pedicle can be harvested upto 20 cm long
• Deactivate the tourniquet
• Radial artery and its venae comitans along with
cephalic vein are ligated and detached
• Donor area can be closed with STSG
45. Advantages :-
• Easy to harvest, also called as beginners flap
• Long pedicle is available, upto 20 cm
• Diameter of radial artery is 2-2.5 mm
• Cephalic vein can be used as back up vein in case of congestion
• Pollicis longus tendon can be harvested at the same time for
total lower lip recon
Disadvantages :-
• Donor site morbidity
• Injury to superfacial radial nerve can cause loss of sensation in
1st anatomical snuff box region
• Whenever it is raised as osseocutaneous flap, pathological
fracture of radius can occur
Editor's Notes
When tissue is present in between , it is called as interpolation flap