SOCW 60000 week 7,8,9,10,11Week 7Require readingRequired.docx

SOCW 60000 week 7,8,9,10,11
Week 7
Require reading
Required
· Social Work Policy Institute. (2010).Evidence-based practice.
Retrieved from:
http://www.socialworkpolicy.org/research/evidence-based-
practice-2.html
· Singer, J. B. (Host). (2011, March 9). The process of
evidence-based practice: An interview with Danielle E. Parish,
Ph.D. [Audio podcast]. In Social Work Podcast. Retrieved from
http://socialworkpodcast.com/2011/03/process-of-evidence-
based-practice.html
· Spratt, T. (2011). Families with multiple problems: Some
challenges in identifying and providing services to those
experiencing adversities across the life course. Journal of Social
Work, 11(4), 343–357.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Required
·
Laureate Education (Producer). (2011). The Life of a Social
Worker [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 8 minutes.
This video touches upon the life experiences of a social worker.
Discussion week 7
Discussion: Social Work Competence
The term competence connotes a level of preparedness for
addressing issues and maintaining a high standard of practice
with clients. Competent social workers have completed adequate
preparations for licensure, and they are appropriately
credentialed. They adhere to ethical practices by maintaining
professional boundaries and honoring commitments to
confidentiality. How might you demonstrate your competence as

a social worker? How can you recognize competence in other
social workers?
For this Discussion, review this week’s Readings. Think about
elements in the articles that denote competence.
Post by Day 4 a description of at least two criteria that define
competence in social work. Give an example of each criterion of
competence and justify your selection.
To complete your Discussion, click on Discussions on the
course navigation menu, and select “Week 7 Forum” to begin.
Week 8
Required redings
Required
· Epley, P., Summers, J. A., & Turnbull, A. (2010).
Characteristics and trends in family-centered
conceptualizations. Journal of Family Social Work, 13(3), 269–
285.
· Oravecz, L. M., Osteen, P. J., Sharpe, T. L., & Randolph, S.
M. (2011). Assessing low-income African American pre-
schoolers’ behavior problems in relationship to community
violence, inter-partner conflict, parenting, informal social
support and social skills. Child & Family Social Work,
16(3),310–324.
Required
· Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. M. (Eds.). (2014).
Working with families: The case of Carol and Joseph. In Social
work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved from
http://www.vitalsource.com
Working with survivors of domestic violence: The case of
Charo. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved
from http://www.vitalsource.com

Working with survivors of sexual abuse and trauma: The case of
Angela. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved
Brenna. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved
Required
· Epley, P., Summers, J. A., & Turnbull, A. (2010).
Characteristics and trends in family-centered
conceptualizations. Journal of Family Social Work, 13(3), 269–
285.
· Morrison, M. A., & Morrison, T. G. (2011). Sexual orientation
bias toward gay men and lesbian women: Modern homonegative
attitudes and their association with discriminatory behavioral
intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(11), 2573–
2599.
· Oravecz, L. M., Osteen, P. J., Sharpe, T. L., & Randolph, S.
M. (2011). Assessing low-income African American pre-
schoolers’ behavior problems in relationship to community
violence, inter-partner conflict, parenting, informal social
support and social skills. Child & Family Social Work,
16(3),310–324.
·
Discussion week8
· Discussion: Strengths-Based Perspective
· Simply put, a social worker with a “strengths-based
perspective” emphasizes client strengths as a starting point in
addressing challenges. This perspective relies on the notion that
every client has strengths that can be leveraged to create
productive change and progress toward achievement of goals.
Client strengths can include a variety of attributes, from
complex professional skill sets or well-developed emotional

intelligence to mobility, literacy, or good health.
· For this Discussion, think about your family of origin.
Consider the strengths particular to your family of origin.
Imagine how those strengths might play a part in helping your
family to overcome a challenging situation.
· Post by Day 4 a description of at least three strengths that you
can identify within your family. Describe how the strengths
might support a strengths-based plan to meet a challenge.
· To complete your Discussion, click on Discussions on the
Assignment week 8Assignment: Generalist Practice
Generalist practice in social work is an approach to client
service that makes use of a variety of methods, schools of
thought, and perspectives. The term describes social work
practice that is not limited to only one method or point of view.
Generalist social work practitioners stay informed of current
research in their field, and they select methods that seem most
appropriate to the different situations that their clients face.
For this Assignment,select one of the case studies provided in
the Readings. Consider different ways of describing generalist
practice and how you might identify it in social work.
Submit by Day 7 a 2- to 3-page paper in which you address the
following criteria:
· Create a definition of generalist practice using your own
words.
· Identify at least three specific examples of generalist practices
you see portrayed in your selected case study.
· Indicate the characteristics that make each an example of
generalist practice.
· Explain the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of each example
in terms of its benefit to clients.
To submit your Assignment, do the following:
· Save your Assignment as a “.doc” file with the filename
“WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.doc”. For example, Sally
Ride’s filename would be “WK8AssgnRideS.doc”.

· To upload your Assignment, click on Assignments on the c
Week 9 reading required
Required
· Bright, C., & Johnson-Reid, M. (2010). Young adult outcomes
of juvenile court involved girls. Journal of Social Service
Research, 36(2), 94–106.
· Huss, E., Einat, E., & Ester, M. (2012). Art in group as an
anchor for integrating the micro and macro levels of
intervention with incest survivors. Clinical Social Work
Journal, 40.
Week9 disicussion
Discussion: Group Facilitation
Consider how a conversation between two people changes when
the circle expands to include five or six. Social workers must
address those changing dynamics when moving between practice
with individuals and practice with groups.
For this Assignment, consider potential characteristics of a good
group facilitator. Think about which seem particularly
accessible or challenging.
Post by Day 4 a description of at least four characteristics you
identified. Explain which of these characteristics represent your
strengths and why. Explain which characteristics you might
need to develop further.
Week 10

Required reading
Required
· Denato, M. (2010). The vital role of social workers in
community partnerships: The alliance for gay, lesbian, bisexual,
transgender and questioning youth. Child and Adolescent Social
Work Journal, 27(5), 323–334.
· Gavrielides, T. (2011). Human rights in health and social care.
Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 4(1), 28–
37.
· Maidment, J., & Macfarlene, S. (2011). Creating
communities, promoting inclusion, empowerment and learning
between older women. Australian Social Work, 64 (3), 283–298.
Discussion week 10
Discussion: Agency Reflection
You recently visited a social service organization to interview a
social worker and to learn more about the services the
organization provides.
For this Assignment, think about your experience gathering
information on the social service agency. Consider the areas of
strength you observed, as well as areas where you noticed
opportunities for growth.
Post by Day 4 a description of the organization that you visited
to conduct research for your Agency Paper. Explain the services
it provides, the populations it serves, its sources of funding, and
its organizational structure. Identify two areas where there may
be additional opportunities for growth.
Reading

Required
· Denato, M. (2010). The vital role of social workers in
community partnerships: The alliance for gay, lesbian, bisexual,
transgender and questioning youth. Child and Adolescent Social
Work Journal, 27(5), 323–334.
· Gavrielides, T. (2011). Human rights in health and social care.
Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 4(1), 28–
37.
Week 10 assigment
Submit by Day 7, a 5- to 7-page written account of your agency
visit findings that satisfies the guidelines detailed in Day 7 of
Week 4.
To submit your Project, do the following:
· Save your Project as a “.doc” file with the filename
“WK10Proj+last name+first initial.doc”. For example, Sally
Ride’s filename would be “WK10ProjRideS.doc”.
Week 11
Week 11 required reading
Required
Working with families: The case of Carol and Joseph. In Social
work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved from
http://www.vitalsource.com
Working with survivors of domestic violence: The case of
Charo. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved

Angela. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved
Brenna. In Social work case studies: Foundation year. Retrieved
Week11 discussion
Discussion 1: Planning for Practice
As you have begun to acquaint yourself with the world of social
work, you may have noticed stories in the media and elsewhere
that seem connected to the field and even your specific
interests. Perhaps you have become aware of the large numbers
of military veterans returning to the United States who may
require social work support. You may have noticed other
emerging groups whose experiences are defined by a particular
set of needs. Perhaps you wonder how you would best serve
individuals with very different life experiences from your own.
For this Discussion, consider potential challenges to social work
practice. Select an example of an issue or circumstance that
might pose a challenge to you.
Post by Day 3 a description of issues or situations that may
impact you in the field of social work. What areas do you
predict might be difficult for you?
Physiology II: Title of Assignment:
Depression
Name of the student:
Academic number:
Year:

Level:
Supervised by:
Overwhelming sadness
Constricted blood vessels
INTRODUCTION
Depression may be termed as a serious, but common mood or
mental disorder. People with depression experience more than
just the normal sadness or upset as a result to changes in life,
for example, disappointments at the work place, divorce, losing
your job and the death of a loved one. Depression is a severe
problem that affects both the individual and other close
members, often making the individual affected lose hope on his
or her future. In addition to experiencing symptoms of anxiety,
individuals can also experience lack of interest in life,
discouragement and being nervous, just to name a few. For a
person to be termed or categorized as depressed, he or she must
have experienced the symptoms for at least two weeks.
Anyone can become depressed. According to a survey done by
the World Health Organization in 2012, the World Mental
Health Survey, an average of 1 in 20 people from 17 different
countries surveyed admitted to have had episodes of depression
in the previous year. This clearly brought to light the fact that
anyone can be depressed, and it shouldn’t be taken lightly, at
all. It is not a sign of a person’s character flaw or weakness. It

is a real illness, which when detected, should be treated
immediately.
There are quite a number of factors that cause depression
including the death of a loved one, genetics, brain biology and
chemistry, a stressful phase in life, or early childhood
experience. Depression can start at any age, but mostly start at a
young age, affecting children, teenagers, young adults and older
adults alike.
There exist several types of depressive disorders. Main ones
include;
· Major Depression: this involves severe symptoms for at least a
two week period. Major depression interferes with one’s ability
to work, sleep, study and enjoy life. Some individuals with
major depression may even contemplate suicide.
· Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): this form of depression
continues for at least two years, but is less severe than major
depression. People with PDD do not find pleasure in most
activities, and can show signs of stress and irritability, and sad
mood combined with low energy.
· Bipolar Disorder: this consists of both maniac and depressive
episodes. This basically means that the person experiences
episodes of very high moods (mania) or mild high moods
(hypomania) to and severe low moods (depression). These shifts
are also often separated by periods of normal moods.
· Post-natal Depression:
What are the Physiologic symptoms of depression?
Depression usually comes with a number of symptoms, which
include:-
· Headaches, which may range from mild headaches to severe
headaches. Depression may also make migraine headaches seem
worse.
· Chest pain. Depression can add to the discomfort of other
illnesses, for example, heart complications and lung problems.
· Digestive problems. Depression can make a person become

constipated, or experience diarrhea. Feeling of nausea can also
be as a result of depression.
· Sleeping problems. Some people with depression may find it
hard to sleep during the night, while others wake up earlier than
usual. However, other people with depression also sleep for
longer hours than normal or usual.
· Fatigue and exhaustion. Some people with depression usually
find it hard to wake up in the morning. Such individuals feel
very exhausted after sleeping, no matter how long they have
slept. Getting out of bed can be a big issue for such individuals.
Depressed individuals also feel fatigued at the end of the day,
even when they haven’t really done anything. This fatigue may
be due to the fact that neither rest nor sleep can alleviate it.
· Change in appetite. Quite a number of individuals with
depression have reported to have lost appetite. This
consequently leads to loss of weight, depending on how long the
individual lacks appetite. However, others get cravings and eat
a lot. Some may even term this as “stress eating”. This, in turn,
makes them increase weight.
· Psychomotor impairment. Individuals with depression may
feel as if everything has slowed down. Such individuals may
have slowed speech which can include decrease in volume when
speaking and increased pauses before responding, slow
thinking, body movements and silence (or muteness).
· Back pain. Depression can make someone who already has
back pain, feel worse. A study done on 800 adults by the
University of Alberta found out that individuals with depression
are four times more likely to develop intense or disabling neck
and low back pain than those not depressed.
· Muscle aches and joint pain. Depression can make muscle and
joint pains worse. On the other hand, treating depression may
improve arthritis-like physical symptoms.
· Stress. Depressed persons often show higher blood levels of
stress hormones, as compared to their counterparts who are not
depressed. One floating theory suggests that this may be caused
by neglect or abuse in early childhood, which leads to

permanent changes to the brain, like the over-production of CRF
(corticotrophin-releasing factor). The CRF stimulates the
pituitary gland to release hormones that prepare the body to
fight, hence causing nervousness and stress.
Physiologic mechanisms; The Monoamine Hypothesis
The monoamine hypothesis of depression predicts that the
underlying pathophysiologic basis of depression is a reduction
in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the
central nervous system. This pathophysiology hypothesis
appears to be supported by the mechanism of action of
antidepressants. The antidepressants, which are agents that
elevate the levels of the neurotransmitters in the brain, have all
been shown to be effective in the alleviation of depressive
symptoms. In this hypothesis, mania is caused by functional
excess of monoamines at critical synapses in the brain.
Evidence from this hypothesis came from clinical observations
and animal experiments, which showed that the antihypertensive
drug reserpine, which causes a depletion of presynaptic stores
of the brain monoaminergic transmitters, induced a syndrome
resembling depression. It is clear that monoaminergic systems
are responsible for many behavioral symptoms, like mood,
vigilance, motivation and fatigue. Abnormal function and the
behavioral consequences of either depression or the manic state
may rise from altered synthesis, storage, or release of the
neurotransmitters, as well as disturbed sensitivity of their
receptors or subcellular messenger functions.
Treatment of Depression
One can treat depression in a number of ways. Some may
include:
· Somatic interventions:
This is a technique which allows an individual to sense and
interrupt patterns which are habitual. These patterns may
include depression symptoms such as anger, anxiety or stress.
This is then followed by discharging of the bodily tension
together with related memories, then moving forward in a

calmer way. Some therapists use somatic interventions in
childhood trauma treatment.
· Antidepressants:
These are medications meant to deal with the depression
symptoms that an individual has. Selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor (SNRI) medications are usually preferred. This is
because they have fewer side effects than many previously
prescribed medicines. SSRIs relieve symptoms by blocking the
reabsorption of serotonin by certain nerve cells in the brain.
This leaves more serotonin available, which improves mood.
SNRIs increases the levels of neurotransmitters serotonin and
norepinephrine by inhibiting their reabsorption into the cells in
the brain. Side effects may include headache, insomnia, sexual
dysfunction and minor increase in blood pressure.
Atypical antidepressants include trazodone and mirtazapine,
which are sedating and usually taken in the evening. Other
antidepressants may include Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
(MAOIs).
· Psychotherapy:
This focuses on taking specific steps to overcome depression.
This includes CBT (Cognitive-behavioral therapy), which is a
short term form of psychotherapy, which has proved to be very
effective. Other forms of therapy include Interpersonal therapy
(IPT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and
dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT).
· During ECT, electrical current causes a seizure in the brain.
Doctors believe that convulsive activity can help the brain
"reconnect" itself, which helps relieve symptoms. TEC is
generally safe and effective. ECT is a highly effective treatment
for depression, most often severe depression. It can be
especially useful for treating depression in people who:
· Are having delusions or other psychotic symptoms with their
depression
· They are pregnant and seriously depressed
· They have a suicidal tendency

· They cannot take antidepressants
· They have not responded completely to antidepressants
· Circadian rhythms and depression
Some core symptoms of major depression show the circadmium
rhythm in their clinical manifestations or are inmately linked to
the circadian system functioning, such as Sleep-wake cycle.
Moreover, abnormalities in circadian Rhythms of core body
temperature and some endocrine- Metabolic parameters have
been detected in depressive patients compared to healthy
controls. The circadian rhythm Disturbances described in
depressive states as well as the Efficacy and fast onset of action
of chronobiological based Treatments point out the circadian
system as an important. Therapeutic target in the treatment of
depression. The aim Of this work is to review the biological and
clinical data That link major depression to circadian rhythm
abnormalities, the mechanisms that may underlie the
abnormalities Of circadian rhythm physiology seen in
depressive states And the different therapeutic approaches to
depression that Involves the circadian system in its mechanisms
of action.
CONCLUSION
As seen above, depression is a very serious mental disorder,
which needs to be addressed with utmost urgency. The number
of people recorded to have depression in different studies have
clearly shown that most people do not consider depression to be
a serious illness. Some don’t know how to distinguish between
depression and different everyday life disappointments.
However, depressed individuals can get help, but they first have
to acknowledge the fact that they are depressed and need help.
In most parts of the world, there are therapists who are well
trained to have therapy sessions with depressed patients. These
therapists are also certified by the law to give antidepressants
and other medicines that patients suffering from depression
might need. The therapists are well aware of the side effects of

the medication they prescribe. Furthermore, they are equipped
with sufficient knowledge on how to deal with certain severe
symptoms of depression, like suicide.
Other treatments of depression have also been developed over
time. An example is one called cranial electrical stimulation,
while another such method is known as electroconvulsive
therapy, or ECT. The ECT basically passes small electric
currents through the brain to trigger a brief seizure.
Moreover, patients with depression are encouraged to be active.
This might include doing something that you once enjoyed. This
may help a person to distract himself, hence making oneself feel
better.
Another DIY that one can try when depressed is to break up
large tasks into small tasks. Each small task should have an
objective, which will be done within the set time. This will help
the patient mentally, as work is made drastically easier, hence
changing one’s perspective towards work.
REFERENCES
1. Depression: Recognizing the physical signs -
http://www.webmd.com/depression/physical-symptoms
2. Symptoms of depression-
http://depressionhurts.ca/en/about/symptoms.aspx
3. 9 Physical symptoms of depression-
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/9-physical-symptoms-of-
depression.html

4. Depression and the endocrine system -
http://www.healthcommunities.com/depression/endocrine-
system_jhmwp.shtml
5. Pathophysiology of depression and mechanisms of treatment-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181668/
6. Depression – Anxiety and Depression Association of America
(2016)
7. All about Depression – Dr. Jo Borrill, Clinical Research
Manager, Mental Health Foundation (2000)
8. Marina Marcus, M. Taghi Yasamy, Mark van Ommeren, and
Dan Chrisholm (2012). Depression: A Global Public Health
Concern.
9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. (2015).
Depression (NIH Publication No. 15-3561). Bethesda, MD: U.S.
Government Printing Office.

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