This document summarizes a study analyzing the Seoul 50 Plus Project in South Korea, which provides social services to support sustainable social participation for those aged 50 and older. The study examines how the project integrates various services through factors like accessibility, systematic function distribution, and participation. It finds that providing interconnected services around leisure, hobbies, and self-development, along with links to related jobs and social contributions, is important for supporting the 50 plus generation. The document also reviews literature on social welfare delivery systems and services in other countries to support social participation for those aged 50 and older.
This document discusses two-way causality between social capital and poverty in rural Indonesia. It analyzes data from two nationally representative datasets to show that social capital, defined as participation in social activities, positively affects household expenditure, a proxy for poverty. It also finds that factors like education, number of social organizations in a village, permanent market infrastructure, and home ownership determine social capital levels. The study aims to better understand this relationship to inform policies that can help reduce rural poverty through facilitating access to social capital for poor households.
The document discusses the transition from a welfare state model to a participatory society model in the Netherlands due to population aging pressures. It outlines how the population is aging rapidly, increasing costs on the welfare system. The Netherlands implemented a Social Support Act to promote individual participation and responsibility over welfare and healthcare. The Act aims to shift responsibilities from the government to individuals, families, and communities through tailored support services. Lessons from implementing the Act show it requires a new balance of roles between individuals, society, and government.
This document reviews literature on government support for volunteering to inform future community development directions. It identifies key challenges like increasing demand for services due to population growth and aging putting pressure on existing volunteers. Engaging new volunteers is difficult as expectations have changed from long-term commitments to short-term, episodic volunteering. Community organizations are heavily reliant on volunteers but their traditional recruitment methods may not reach potential volunteers. The literature shows volunteering provides economic and social benefits but the traditional model of sustained volunteering is becoming less viable requiring government support to address these issues.
This document introduces the asset approach for improving community health and reducing health inequalities. The asset approach focuses on communities' strengths rather than deficits, viewing communities as having skills, knowledge, and social connections that can be mobilized. It emphasizes empowering communities and residents as co-producers of health rather than just recipients of services. The asset approach values what works well in communities and builds individual and community resilience. It can be used to refocus existing programs and requires practitioners to share power with communities. Specific local solutions may not be transferable, but the approach's principles of community empowerment can be replicated.
This document discusses the challenges of caring for aging Baby Boomers in the year 2030. It finds that while the economic burden may not be greater than that of raising Baby Boomers as children, there will be real challenges involving developing better long-term care payment systems, promoting healthy aging, improving access to community services, and integrating all ages into community life. To adequately meet long-term care needs, social and policy changes must begin soon to allow necessary changes to be made gradually rather than waiting until Baby Boomers need long-term care.
The document discusses population aging in China and reform options for China's pension system. It finds that:
1) China is aging rapidly due to lower birth rates and increased life expectancy, which will make the current pay-as-you-go pension system financially unsustainable.
2) Options to reform the system include raising retirement ages temporarily, increasing contribution rates, reducing benefits gradually, or establishing privately managed pension funds with regulatory oversight.
3) Comprehensive pension reform requires addressing economic, social, political, and cultural factors over the long term to establish an adequate, efficient, and equitable social security system supported by sustained economic growth.
02 23 11 Money Follows the Person grant release FINALPaulette Song
The Patrick-Murray Administration in Massachusetts announced that the state will receive $110 million in federal funding over five years for community living initiatives through the Money Follows the Person program. Massachusetts received the largest award of $13.5 million in the first year. The funding will support over 2,200 Medicaid-eligible individuals currently in institutions to transition to community-based care through services like counseling, transition support, and long-term community support services. The funding is intended to expand housing and service options for seniors and individuals with disabilities to live in their own homes or community settings.
This document discusses two-way causality between social capital and poverty in rural Indonesia. It analyzes data from two nationally representative datasets to show that social capital, defined as participation in social activities, positively affects household expenditure, a proxy for poverty. It also finds that factors like education, number of social organizations in a village, permanent market infrastructure, and home ownership determine social capital levels. The study aims to better understand this relationship to inform policies that can help reduce rural poverty through facilitating access to social capital for poor households.
The document discusses the transition from a welfare state model to a participatory society model in the Netherlands due to population aging pressures. It outlines how the population is aging rapidly, increasing costs on the welfare system. The Netherlands implemented a Social Support Act to promote individual participation and responsibility over welfare and healthcare. The Act aims to shift responsibilities from the government to individuals, families, and communities through tailored support services. Lessons from implementing the Act show it requires a new balance of roles between individuals, society, and government.
This document reviews literature on government support for volunteering to inform future community development directions. It identifies key challenges like increasing demand for services due to population growth and aging putting pressure on existing volunteers. Engaging new volunteers is difficult as expectations have changed from long-term commitments to short-term, episodic volunteering. Community organizations are heavily reliant on volunteers but their traditional recruitment methods may not reach potential volunteers. The literature shows volunteering provides economic and social benefits but the traditional model of sustained volunteering is becoming less viable requiring government support to address these issues.
This document introduces the asset approach for improving community health and reducing health inequalities. The asset approach focuses on communities' strengths rather than deficits, viewing communities as having skills, knowledge, and social connections that can be mobilized. It emphasizes empowering communities and residents as co-producers of health rather than just recipients of services. The asset approach values what works well in communities and builds individual and community resilience. It can be used to refocus existing programs and requires practitioners to share power with communities. Specific local solutions may not be transferable, but the approach's principles of community empowerment can be replicated.
This document discusses the challenges of caring for aging Baby Boomers in the year 2030. It finds that while the economic burden may not be greater than that of raising Baby Boomers as children, there will be real challenges involving developing better long-term care payment systems, promoting healthy aging, improving access to community services, and integrating all ages into community life. To adequately meet long-term care needs, social and policy changes must begin soon to allow necessary changes to be made gradually rather than waiting until Baby Boomers need long-term care.
The document discusses population aging in China and reform options for China's pension system. It finds that:
1) China is aging rapidly due to lower birth rates and increased life expectancy, which will make the current pay-as-you-go pension system financially unsustainable.
2) Options to reform the system include raising retirement ages temporarily, increasing contribution rates, reducing benefits gradually, or establishing privately managed pension funds with regulatory oversight.
3) Comprehensive pension reform requires addressing economic, social, political, and cultural factors over the long term to establish an adequate, efficient, and equitable social security system supported by sustained economic growth.
02 23 11 Money Follows the Person grant release FINALPaulette Song
The Patrick-Murray Administration in Massachusetts announced that the state will receive $110 million in federal funding over five years for community living initiatives through the Money Follows the Person program. Massachusetts received the largest award of $13.5 million in the first year. The funding will support over 2,200 Medicaid-eligible individuals currently in institutions to transition to community-based care through services like counseling, transition support, and long-term community support services. The funding is intended to expand housing and service options for seniors and individuals with disabilities to live in their own homes or community settings.
The Older Better strategy was developed to promote healthy and active lifestyles for older people in Leeds between 2006-2011. It aims to provide leadership and support partners in coordinating efforts to meet its aspirations. These include ensuring older adults have access to housing, income, safe neighborhoods, transportation, social activities, leisure/learning, health/wellness resources, age-appropriate information, and involvement in decision making. The strategy is based on principles of reducing health inequalities, promoting active citizenship, and involving older adults at all levels of planning.
This document summarizes key findings from recent literature reviews on community mobilization in the context of the UNAIDS Investment Framework. It finds that community mobilization is a crucial enabler for improving HIV program uptake and promoting local advocacy. Specifically, it discusses how community-based organizations are uniquely positioned to address scale-up of HIV services. It also outlines several themes around the importance of community involvement, including that communities best understand their own needs, people living with HIV should play a leading role, and peer groups are particularly effective.
The document discusses aging and human services. It notes that aging is often stereotyped but that aged people are a diverse population with varied needs. Traditional human services for the aged included hospitals and nursing homes, but more recent emphasis is on community care, independence, and reduced institutionalization. The aging population is increasing rapidly due to factors like increased life expectancy. Aged people have varied psychosocial needs related to factors like health, social connection, and culture. Current policy aims to encourage independent living and marketization of aged care services. Social workers play key roles in supporting the aged through services, counseling, advocacy and assessment. Specific areas of practice include dementia care, palliative care, and preventing elder abuse.
Policy Brief - Social Cash Transfers as Economic InvestmentsPatrick Llewellin
While Uganda's Senior Citizen Grant primarily aims to protect older persons, several studies have found it also has important secondary effects on Uganda's economy through the informal productive sector. The grant has led recipients to engage in less physically demanding livelihood activities and diversify their livelihoods. It has also increased hiring of agricultural laborers by recipients. The regular income from the grant has enabled recipients to invest in livestock and farm inputs, access credit locally between payments, join savings groups, and enhance vibrancy of local markets through their increased purchasing power. However, the grant was not found to significantly impact general wage levels or labor supply.
The Inverse Care Law and its Relevance in Canadian Health Care Access Inequal...Gabrielle Snow
This document discusses the inverse care law and its relevance to health inequalities in Canada. It argues that while the Canadian healthcare system aims to provide equal access to all citizens, those with lower socioeconomic status who have greater health needs tend to receive less care. Health facilities are distributed evenly rather than based on demand and need, so vulnerable populations have the same access but receive lower quality care due to greater health burdens. The inverse care law persists in Canada as the system fails to provide services proportional to populations' varying needs.
An innovative pilot project aimed at helping community groups lose weight and in return, rewarded by raising money for their local community cause. For every pound of weight lost a sterling pound was pledged to a community cause. After six months pounds lost were totalled by those who took part and community causes rewarded with the appropriate sterling equivalent. The project adopted a community development approach and was primarily focused on communities with the highest health and social needs in Somerset.
This is a set of slides used for a full days talk to social work students. It explores the moral purpose of social work, the meaning of social justice and citizenship and some of the practical and political issues confronting social workers today. The course includes an exercise encouraging people to see the disconnection between our own expectations the reality of social care systems. The course was developed by Dr Simon Duffy and has been run for several years at Huddersfield and Hertfordshire Universities.
The future of community based services and educationRegina Oladehin
The document discusses the future of community-based services and education for those with disabilities or special needs. It outlines how in the past, those with disabilities were often institutionalized but now there is a focus on community-based services. Key considerations for the future include a growing and more diverse elderly population, potential funding challenges, and ensuring services reach all in need regardless of factors like income or ethnicity. Community services will need to adapt to remain inclusive and accessible to changing demographics.
The document summarizes a workshop given by Dr. Simon Duffy on lessons from self-directed support in the UK. Duffy has 25 years of experience developing self-directed support systems and founded In Control, which developed the self-directed support model adopted in England. In the workshop, Duffy discusses the history and development of self-directed support in the UK, issues with current implementation, strengths to build on, and the importance of citizenship, community, and moving beyond concepts of consumers and care markets.
This document provides a diversity report for students' unions. It finds that students' unions lack diversity in permanent staffing but have more diverse officers and student staff. Recommendations include developing a long-term strategic plan with targets and accountability, champion networks, recruitment best practices, and training. Benchmarking shows other sectors having more success through comprehensive action plans, leadership, target setting, and positive actions like mentoring. The report aims to increase diversity and inclusion in students' unions.
ILC-UK Future of Ageing Presentation Slides - 09Nov16 ILC- UK
On Wednesday 9th November 2016, ILC-UK held it's second annual future of Ageing conference.
We welcomed over 180 delegates made up of business leaders; charity sector experts; public sector decision makers; local authority staff; academics; and senior journalists.
The one day conference was chaired by Baroness Slly Greengross OBE and Lawrence Churchill CBE, and we heard from the following speakers:
- Dr Islene Araujo de Carvalho, Senior Policy and Strategy Adviser, Department of Ageing and Life Course, WHO
- John Cridland CBE, Head of the Independent State Pension Age Review
- The Rt Rev. and the Rt Hon. the Lord Carey of Clifton, Archbishop of Canterbury 1991-2002
- Ben Franklin, Head of Economics of an Ageing Society, ILC-UK
- Professor Sarah Harper, Director, Oxford Institute of Population Ageing
- Dwayne Johnson, Director of Social Care and Health at Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council
- Dr Margaret McCartney, Author and Broadcaster
- John Pullinger CB, National Statistician, UK Statistics Authority
- David Sinclair, Director, ILC-UK
- Jonathan Stevens, Senior Vice President, Thought Leadership, AARP
- Linda Woodall, Director of Life Insurance and Financial Advice, and sponsor of the Ageing Population project, Financial Conduct Authority
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later LifeILC- UK
The study examined the relationship between caregiving transitions and emotional well-being among older adults using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). It found that among older women, long-term caregiving was associated with decreased quality of life and increased depressive symptoms over time. Cessation of caregiving duties was also linked to poorer emotional well-being. The findings suggest caregiving takes an emotional toll and highlight the need for support during different stages of a caregiving career.
A Conversation with the Directors of Four Area Agencies on AgingAging NY
The document provides an overview of a meeting between directors of four Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) and Laura Cameron, Executive Director of the New York State Association of Area Agencies on Aging. The meeting discussed the aging services network, including programs run by AAAs that help over 500,000 seniors in New York State remain independent through services like meals, transportation, and caregiver support. AAAs help delay or prevent nursing home placements, providing a more cost-effective alternative to institutional care.
Economics of dementia care adelina comas herrera athea vienna 28 november 14Adelina Comas-Herrera
This document summarizes a presentation on the economics of dementia care. It discusses three main topics: 1) ways to decrease future cases of dementia through prevention and treatment; 2) ensuring adequate financing for dementia care; and 3) improving spending on dementia care through evidence-based interventions. The presentation notes that dementia care costs are rising rapidly and will require much more spending. It emphasizes the need for prevention, adequate funding mechanisms, and using research evidence to optimize care delivery and shift spending from "bad" to "good" costs.
Liveability Policy Research Update - December 2015 FINALIain Butterworth
This document provides an overview of work done in 2015 to develop indicators of urban liveability in Victoria. It discusses:
1) The Victorian Liveability Research Program led by the University of Melbourne, which aims to conceptualize and measure liveability across seven domains and their relationship to health.
2) Milestones in 2015 including developing measures for each domain, knowledge sharing activities, and informing state policies like the Victorian Public Health and Wellbeing Plan.
3) Examples of how the liveability framework is being applied in various regional and local initiatives across Victoria to strengthen communities.
'Getting out and about' A Community Matters seminar from ILC-UK and Age UKILC- UK
The slides from the first in a series of three seminars from ILC-UK and Age UK on Community Matters - are our communities ready for ageing?
Full details here: http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/events/community_matters_are_our_communities_ready_for_ageing_getting_out_and_abou
The department of health in taiwan initiated community health developmentMaricris Santos
The document discusses community health development (CHD) in Taiwan and the appropriateness of using participatory action research (PAR) to evaluate CHD. It explores the theoretical concepts of CHD and finds that PAR is a flexible approach that can capture the complex social and health phenomena in the CHD framework. PAR is appropriate for both the methodological framework of CHD evaluation and enhancing the actualization of CHD.
Social policy in Zimbabwe is both relevant and irrelevant. Find out why it is like that.This is a student's essay therefore one should not put trust in this assignment with all confidence..
This document discusses social welfare policies and programs in the Philippines. It provides a history of social welfare in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period through present day. It describes how social welfare aims to promote well-being, meet universal needs, and provide services through organized systems. Key aspects covered include residual/ameliorative functions to help those in need, avoiding consequences of deprivation, and empowering people. The document also discusses different philosophies of social welfare and the role of policy and program development in promoting social justice and intervening in the human condition.
The Older Better strategy was developed to promote healthy and active lifestyles for older people in Leeds between 2006-2011. It aims to provide leadership and support partners in coordinating efforts to meet its aspirations. These include ensuring older adults have access to housing, income, safe neighborhoods, transportation, social activities, leisure/learning, health/wellness resources, age-appropriate information, and involvement in decision making. The strategy is based on principles of reducing health inequalities, promoting active citizenship, and involving older adults at all levels of planning.
This document summarizes key findings from recent literature reviews on community mobilization in the context of the UNAIDS Investment Framework. It finds that community mobilization is a crucial enabler for improving HIV program uptake and promoting local advocacy. Specifically, it discusses how community-based organizations are uniquely positioned to address scale-up of HIV services. It also outlines several themes around the importance of community involvement, including that communities best understand their own needs, people living with HIV should play a leading role, and peer groups are particularly effective.
The document discusses aging and human services. It notes that aging is often stereotyped but that aged people are a diverse population with varied needs. Traditional human services for the aged included hospitals and nursing homes, but more recent emphasis is on community care, independence, and reduced institutionalization. The aging population is increasing rapidly due to factors like increased life expectancy. Aged people have varied psychosocial needs related to factors like health, social connection, and culture. Current policy aims to encourage independent living and marketization of aged care services. Social workers play key roles in supporting the aged through services, counseling, advocacy and assessment. Specific areas of practice include dementia care, palliative care, and preventing elder abuse.
Policy Brief - Social Cash Transfers as Economic InvestmentsPatrick Llewellin
While Uganda's Senior Citizen Grant primarily aims to protect older persons, several studies have found it also has important secondary effects on Uganda's economy through the informal productive sector. The grant has led recipients to engage in less physically demanding livelihood activities and diversify their livelihoods. It has also increased hiring of agricultural laborers by recipients. The regular income from the grant has enabled recipients to invest in livestock and farm inputs, access credit locally between payments, join savings groups, and enhance vibrancy of local markets through their increased purchasing power. However, the grant was not found to significantly impact general wage levels or labor supply.
The Inverse Care Law and its Relevance in Canadian Health Care Access Inequal...Gabrielle Snow
This document discusses the inverse care law and its relevance to health inequalities in Canada. It argues that while the Canadian healthcare system aims to provide equal access to all citizens, those with lower socioeconomic status who have greater health needs tend to receive less care. Health facilities are distributed evenly rather than based on demand and need, so vulnerable populations have the same access but receive lower quality care due to greater health burdens. The inverse care law persists in Canada as the system fails to provide services proportional to populations' varying needs.
An innovative pilot project aimed at helping community groups lose weight and in return, rewarded by raising money for their local community cause. For every pound of weight lost a sterling pound was pledged to a community cause. After six months pounds lost were totalled by those who took part and community causes rewarded with the appropriate sterling equivalent. The project adopted a community development approach and was primarily focused on communities with the highest health and social needs in Somerset.
This is a set of slides used for a full days talk to social work students. It explores the moral purpose of social work, the meaning of social justice and citizenship and some of the practical and political issues confronting social workers today. The course includes an exercise encouraging people to see the disconnection between our own expectations the reality of social care systems. The course was developed by Dr Simon Duffy and has been run for several years at Huddersfield and Hertfordshire Universities.
The future of community based services and educationRegina Oladehin
The document discusses the future of community-based services and education for those with disabilities or special needs. It outlines how in the past, those with disabilities were often institutionalized but now there is a focus on community-based services. Key considerations for the future include a growing and more diverse elderly population, potential funding challenges, and ensuring services reach all in need regardless of factors like income or ethnicity. Community services will need to adapt to remain inclusive and accessible to changing demographics.
The document summarizes a workshop given by Dr. Simon Duffy on lessons from self-directed support in the UK. Duffy has 25 years of experience developing self-directed support systems and founded In Control, which developed the self-directed support model adopted in England. In the workshop, Duffy discusses the history and development of self-directed support in the UK, issues with current implementation, strengths to build on, and the importance of citizenship, community, and moving beyond concepts of consumers and care markets.
This document provides a diversity report for students' unions. It finds that students' unions lack diversity in permanent staffing but have more diverse officers and student staff. Recommendations include developing a long-term strategic plan with targets and accountability, champion networks, recruitment best practices, and training. Benchmarking shows other sectors having more success through comprehensive action plans, leadership, target setting, and positive actions like mentoring. The report aims to increase diversity and inclusion in students' unions.
ILC-UK Future of Ageing Presentation Slides - 09Nov16 ILC- UK
On Wednesday 9th November 2016, ILC-UK held it's second annual future of Ageing conference.
We welcomed over 180 delegates made up of business leaders; charity sector experts; public sector decision makers; local authority staff; academics; and senior journalists.
The one day conference was chaired by Baroness Slly Greengross OBE and Lawrence Churchill CBE, and we heard from the following speakers:
- Dr Islene Araujo de Carvalho, Senior Policy and Strategy Adviser, Department of Ageing and Life Course, WHO
- John Cridland CBE, Head of the Independent State Pension Age Review
- The Rt Rev. and the Rt Hon. the Lord Carey of Clifton, Archbishop of Canterbury 1991-2002
- Ben Franklin, Head of Economics of an Ageing Society, ILC-UK
- Professor Sarah Harper, Director, Oxford Institute of Population Ageing
- Dwayne Johnson, Director of Social Care and Health at Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council
- Dr Margaret McCartney, Author and Broadcaster
- John Pullinger CB, National Statistician, UK Statistics Authority
- David Sinclair, Director, ILC-UK
- Jonathan Stevens, Senior Vice President, Thought Leadership, AARP
- Linda Woodall, Director of Life Insurance and Financial Advice, and sponsor of the Ageing Population project, Financial Conduct Authority
Social Connections and Wellbeing in Later LifeILC- UK
The study examined the relationship between caregiving transitions and emotional well-being among older adults using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). It found that among older women, long-term caregiving was associated with decreased quality of life and increased depressive symptoms over time. Cessation of caregiving duties was also linked to poorer emotional well-being. The findings suggest caregiving takes an emotional toll and highlight the need for support during different stages of a caregiving career.
A Conversation with the Directors of Four Area Agencies on AgingAging NY
The document provides an overview of a meeting between directors of four Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) and Laura Cameron, Executive Director of the New York State Association of Area Agencies on Aging. The meeting discussed the aging services network, including programs run by AAAs that help over 500,000 seniors in New York State remain independent through services like meals, transportation, and caregiver support. AAAs help delay or prevent nursing home placements, providing a more cost-effective alternative to institutional care.
Economics of dementia care adelina comas herrera athea vienna 28 november 14Adelina Comas-Herrera
This document summarizes a presentation on the economics of dementia care. It discusses three main topics: 1) ways to decrease future cases of dementia through prevention and treatment; 2) ensuring adequate financing for dementia care; and 3) improving spending on dementia care through evidence-based interventions. The presentation notes that dementia care costs are rising rapidly and will require much more spending. It emphasizes the need for prevention, adequate funding mechanisms, and using research evidence to optimize care delivery and shift spending from "bad" to "good" costs.
Liveability Policy Research Update - December 2015 FINALIain Butterworth
This document provides an overview of work done in 2015 to develop indicators of urban liveability in Victoria. It discusses:
1) The Victorian Liveability Research Program led by the University of Melbourne, which aims to conceptualize and measure liveability across seven domains and their relationship to health.
2) Milestones in 2015 including developing measures for each domain, knowledge sharing activities, and informing state policies like the Victorian Public Health and Wellbeing Plan.
3) Examples of how the liveability framework is being applied in various regional and local initiatives across Victoria to strengthen communities.
'Getting out and about' A Community Matters seminar from ILC-UK and Age UKILC- UK
The slides from the first in a series of three seminars from ILC-UK and Age UK on Community Matters - are our communities ready for ageing?
Full details here: http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/events/community_matters_are_our_communities_ready_for_ageing_getting_out_and_abou
The department of health in taiwan initiated community health developmentMaricris Santos
The document discusses community health development (CHD) in Taiwan and the appropriateness of using participatory action research (PAR) to evaluate CHD. It explores the theoretical concepts of CHD and finds that PAR is a flexible approach that can capture the complex social and health phenomena in the CHD framework. PAR is appropriate for both the methodological framework of CHD evaluation and enhancing the actualization of CHD.
Social policy in Zimbabwe is both relevant and irrelevant. Find out why it is like that.This is a student's essay therefore one should not put trust in this assignment with all confidence..
This document discusses social welfare policies and programs in the Philippines. It provides a history of social welfare in the Philippines from the pre-colonial period through present day. It describes how social welfare aims to promote well-being, meet universal needs, and provide services through organized systems. Key aspects covered include residual/ameliorative functions to help those in need, avoiding consequences of deprivation, and empowering people. The document also discusses different philosophies of social welfare and the role of policy and program development in promoting social justice and intervening in the human condition.
Running head SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS .docxtodd521
Running head: SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS 1
SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS 2Social Wellbeing in the Netherlands
Introduction
Social wellbeing is an end state in which basic human needs are met and people are able to coexist peacefully in communities with opportunities for advancement (USIP, 2013). This is showcased by access to basic needs and services including water, food, shelter and health services (USIP, 2013). The basic needs must be met but belonging is also important. In general, humans are social individuals who want a basic set of standards to create a sense of social wellbeing. There is a strive for connection and this connection including value systems, traditions and even beliefs. When a population is content and feels as though their needs are met they become more sustainable in their social development. Social wellbeing plays a crucial role in sustainability. This paper will analyze the social wellbeing of the Netherlands, identify opportunities for policy enactment, and consider the environmental aspects of social wellbeing and social quality in the country.
The Netherlands and Social Wellbeing
The Netherlands Institute for Social Research is a government agency which conducts research into the social aspects of all areas of government policy. The Netherlands Institute of Social Research was founded in 1973 after politicians began taking an increased interest in the population and their welfare (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). The main fields studied are health, welfare, social security, the labor market and education, with a particular focus on the interfaces between these fields (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). Further, the organization itself was designed to create a picture of the social and cultural wellbeing of the Netherlands. Goals of the organization include the ability to contribute to policy changes and evaluation of how one can achieve a desired solution- for the good of the people (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020).
The reports created by this organization are used by the government, academics and civil servants. Advice is provided on legal obligations and civil duties of the government. The goal is doing what is best for the wellbeing of the people. Members of the Netherlands Institute of Social Research are scientists, social geographers, legal specialists, and those who specialize in the economy (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). Feedback of all kinds is provided by the people of the Netherlands and used in the development of policy and bettering the wellbeing of the population. Books are published yearly that offer the people of the Netherlands, as well as other countries, the opportunity to better understand the social wellbeing of the population. Further, the survey and study results are used to better understand policy, changes, and how to further improve the wellbeing of the peop.
Running head SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS .docxjeanettehully
Running head: SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS 1
SOCIAL WELLBEING IN THE NETHERLANDS 2Social Wellbeing in the Netherlands
Introduction
Social wellbeing is an end state in which basic human needs are met and people are able to coexist peacefully in communities with opportunities for advancement (USIP, 2013). This is showcased by access to basic needs and services including water, food, shelter and health services (USIP, 2013). The basic needs must be met but belonging is also important. In general, humans are social individuals who want a basic set of standards to create a sense of social wellbeing. There is a strive for connection and this connection including value systems, traditions and even beliefs. When a population is content and feels as though their needs are met they become more sustainable in their social development. Social wellbeing plays a crucial role in sustainability. This paper will analyze the social wellbeing of the Netherlands, identify opportunities for policy enactment, and consider the environmental aspects of social wellbeing and social quality in the country.
The Netherlands and Social Wellbeing
The Netherlands Institute for Social Research is a government agency which conducts research into the social aspects of all areas of government policy. The Netherlands Institute of Social Research was founded in 1973 after politicians began taking an increased interest in the population and their welfare (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). The main fields studied are health, welfare, social security, the labor market and education, with a particular focus on the interfaces between these fields (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). Further, the organization itself was designed to create a picture of the social and cultural wellbeing of the Netherlands. Goals of the organization include the ability to contribute to policy changes and evaluation of how one can achieve a desired solution- for the good of the people (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020).
The reports created by this organization are used by the government, academics and civil servants. Advice is provided on legal obligations and civil duties of the government. The goal is doing what is best for the wellbeing of the people. Members of the Netherlands Institute of Social Research are scientists, social geographers, legal specialists, and those who specialize in the economy (Netherlands Institute of Social Research, 2020). Feedback of all kinds is provided by the people of the Netherlands and used in the development of policy and bettering the wellbeing of the population. Books are published yearly that offer the people of the Netherlands, as well as other countries, the opportunity to better understand the social wellbeing of the population. Further, the survey and study results are used to better understand policy, changes, and how to further improve the wellbeing of the people. Appr ...
United Nations pension report predicted that with the deepening degree of China's aging, by 2020, Chinese people over 65 years old will account for one-fourth global aging of the population. Facing the growing pressure of supporting, the party and the State through a series of policies and regulations, gradually build up which is suitable for China's national conditions, and socio-economic level to match the social security system. Along with the changes in family structure, socio-economic development of the people for old-age security pension model choices are undergoing new changes. At present, the common mode there are three main types: family support, community and institutional support. However, due to China's regulations on pension system is not perfect, and relevant departments to monitor management and emerging model at the exploratory stage, so current retirement patterns in the development process, there are many problems. Based on comparative analysis, by supporting model mature the United States, Japan, Singapore's experience on the management, comparative analysis of current situation of development of endowment pattern in China. Conclusion: 1. poor rural old-age status of the population as a whole, but cover a wide range, 2. pension level of urban population differentiation is obvious; 3. for some time to come, China still will remain at home, community and institutional endowment as supplementary pension model of development pattern does not change
Social policies are created to promote human wellbeing and social justice. They determine access to social services and who can provide them. Social workers must understand how social policies influence the social welfare system and their practice. While social policies aim to help those in need, they are also tools used by governments to control citizens. Evaluating social policies allows learning that can improve policies and better address social problems.
Today, you are introduced to the Social Determinant of Health (SDOH) perspective. This assignment responds to two questions, firstly “What is a SDOH perspective?” which will be explored in detail providing two examples of a Social Worker role. The second question requiring a critical discussion surrounding SDOH including “What benefits does a social determinants of health perspective provide, and what are its limits?”.
This document provides contact information for Chris Rayment of OPM Global to discuss social care services. It lists OPM's areas of expertise in social care system reforms, governance, regulation, policy development, program evaluation, capacity building, and more. It provides examples of clients OPM has worked with, including national governments, international organizations, and NGOs.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS) as supported by the Global Fund. It defines community systems as structures made up of community members and organizations that are close to communities and understand their needs. CSS aims to build the capacity of these community groups to engage in service delivery, advocacy, accountability, and coordination efforts for health programs. The Global Fund recognizes CSS as critical for ensuring responses reach marginalized groups. It includes a CSS module in its measurement frameworks to track investments in strengthening community systems. This module contains four interventions: community monitoring, advocacy, social mobilization and networking, and institutional capacity building for community organizations. The Global Fund rationale is that strong community systems are essential for effective and equitable health programs.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS) as supported by the Global Fund. It defines community systems as structures made up of community members and organizations that are close to communities and understand their needs. CSS aims to build the capacity of these community groups to monitor health services, advocate for change, deliver services, and coordinate their work. The Global Fund recognizes community systems as critical to ensuring access to health services for marginalized groups. It supports CSS through funding modules in its measurement frameworks for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The modules include interventions for community monitoring, advocacy, social mobilization, and building institutional capacity of community sector organizations. The Global Fund's rationale is that strong community systems are essential for effective and sustainable responses to diseases
This article examines the role of community governance in strengthening the peacebuilding process in Nepal. It finds that community-based organizations are key actors in community governance and play an important role in addressing inequality, fostering awareness, promoting democratic values, and giving voice to marginalized groups. However, the overall practice of governance at the community level in Nepal has been moderate to efficient. The article concludes that for the peace process to be successful at the grassroots level, community governance must be strengthened to allow genuine participation and inclusion of local communities.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS), which promotes the development and sustainability of communities and community organizations to contribute to long-term health outcomes. CSS aims to improve access to and utilization of health services through increased community engagement in areas like advocacy, health promotion, and home-based care. For communities to effectively impact health, they must have strong, sustainable systems for activities, services, and funding. The core components of CSS systems include enabling environments, community networks, resources and capacity building, community activities, organizational strengthening, and monitoring and evaluation.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS), which promotes the development and sustainability of communities and community organizations to contribute to long-term health outcomes. CSS aims to improve access to and utilization of health services through increased community engagement in areas like advocacy, health promotion, and home-based care. For communities to effectively impact health, they must have strong, sustainable systems for activities, services, and funding. The core components of CSS systems include enabling environments, community networks, resources and capacity building, community activities, organizational strengthening, and monitoring and evaluation.
A framework for social care at the end of life
15 July 2010 - National End of Life Care Programme
This framework, developed by the NEoLCP with the involvement of a group of senior professionals and other stakeholders in social care, sets out a direction of travel for social care at end of life.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
EDITORIALSocial Justice and High-QualityHuman Services .docxgidmanmary
EDITORIAL
Social Justice and High-Quality
Human Services: Visioning the Place
of a Contemporary Professional
Association1
The current world situation is plagued by ‘‘wicked problems’’ and a widespread sense
of ‘‘things are going to get worse’’. We confront the almost imponderable
consequences of global habitat destruction and climate change, as well as the
meltdown of the financial markets with their largely yet to be seen damage to the
‘‘real economy’’. These things will have considerable negative impacts on the social
system and people’s lives, particularly the disadvantaged and socially excluded, and
require innovative policy and program responses delivered by caring, intelligent, and
committed practitioners.
These gargantuan issues put into perspective the difficulties that confront social,
welfare, and community work today. Yet, in times of trouble, social work and human
services tend to do well. For example, although Australian Social Workers and Welfare
and Community Workers have experienced phenomenal job growth over the past
5 years, they also have good prospects for future growth and above average salaries in
the seventh and sixth deciles, respectively (Department of Education, Employment
and Workplace Relations, 2008).
I aim to examine the host of reasons why the pursuit of social justice and high-
quality human services is difficult to attain in today’s world and then consider how
the broadly defined profession of social welfare practitioners may collectively take
action to (a) respond in ways that reassert our role in compassionately assisting the
downtrodden and (b) reclaim the capacity to be a significant body of professional
expertise driving social policy and programs.
For too long social work has responded to the wider factors it confronts through a
combination of ignoring them, critiquing from a distance, and concentrating on the
job at hand and our day-to-day responsibilities. Unfortunately, ‘‘holding the line’’ has
proved futile and, little by little, the broad social mandate and role of social welfare
has altered until, currently, most social programs entail significant social surveillance
of troublesome or dangerous groups, rather than assistance. At times it almost seems
like the word ‘‘help’’ has been lost in the political and managerial lexicon, replaced by
‘‘manage’’ and ‘‘control’’. Our values, beliefs, and ethics are under real threat as
guiding principles for social programs.
1
This is an edited version of the 2008 Norma Parker Address.
ISSN 0312-407X (print)/ISSN 1447-0748 (online) # 2009 Australian Association of Social Workers
DOI: 10.1080/03124070802635084
Australian Social Work
Vol. 62, No. 1, March 2009, pp. 1�9
The Broad Factors at Play
The environment is not all bad and it is worth remembering that during the past
three or so decades there have been (a) significant increases in the proportion of gross
domestic product allocated to the social and community services ...
The document discusses the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) in India. It aims to address health issues among urban poor populations through several key strategies:
1. Strengthening existing public health infrastructure in cities by establishing Primary Urban Health Centers (PUHCs) to improve access and referrals.
2. Partnering with non-governmental providers to fill gaps in health services through models like public-private partnerships.
3. Developing community-based healthcare through mechanisms like urban health activists, community-level care, and community-managed health insurance and risk pooling.
The NUHM seeks to improve health services for urban poor populations facing issues like poor living conditions, lack of access to facilities
An Approach To Social Services Systems In Europe The Spanish CaseKarin Faust
This document summarizes an analysis of social service systems in Europe, with a focus on the Spanish case. It discusses three key areas for characterizing social services across Europe: 1) definitions and terminology, 2) objectives and target populations, and 3) governance structures. It then analyzes the Spanish social services system in more depth, noting legislative changes over time, impacts of the economic crisis, and current challenges. Key points include the lack of a unified Spanish law creating a national social services system, resulting in regional variation, and cuts to universal services due to austerity measures exacerbating existing social risks.
Dr Simon Duffy presented these slides to a meeting of the Socialist Health Association SHA) which was also joined by members of Disabled People Against the Cuts (DPAC) on 18th June 2016. He proposed that the whole social care system was flawed and based on old-fashioned institutional models that were dangerous and undermined people's citizenship. He proposed radical reform and the creation of an effective right for independent living.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
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Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
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social sciences
Article
The Social Welfare Service Delivery System to
Reinforce Sustainable Social Participation
Mikyoung Lee 1, Marko Majer 2 and Boyoung Kim 1,*
1 Seoul Business School, Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies (aSSIST), Seoul 03767, Korea
2 Business School Lausanne, 1022 Chavannes, Switzerland
* Correspondence: bykim2@assist.ac.kr
Received: 26 July 2019; Accepted: 5 September 2019; Published: 9 September 2019
Abstract: Structural social changes and population aging are emerging as important policy issues
in many countries around the world. In particular, although early retirees aged 50 or older are left
behind from social welfare services and suffer from worsening social problems, policies have often
only focused on elderly people aged 65 or older and vulnerable groups. Based on the theory of a
welfare service delivery system, the present study analyzed the case of the Seoul 50 Plus Project in
South Korea, which was established to enhance service professionalism and integrate various services
to keep up with a changing environment, considering four factors: ‘integration’, ‘accessibility’,
‘systematic function distribution’, and ‘participation’. The case analysis revealed that interconnected
service content, which can improve leisure activities, hobbies, and self-development, is very important
along with job creation from social services to the 50 plus generation.
Keywords: social welfare service; sustainable social activity; service delivery system; 50 plus generation
1. Introduction
According to the UN report World Population Aging (2017), the number of people aged 60 or
older around the world is 962 million as of 2017, which accounts for 13% of the global population.
As population aging continues, the number of those aged 60 or older increases by 3% each year
(UN 2017). Korea also has been transforming into an aging country since 2000 when the percentage
of those aged 65 or older first exceeded 7% of the total population. The country has become an aged
country in the shortest period of time globally, as the percentage surpassed 14.2% in 2017. Furthermore,
a survey published by Statistics Korea (2017) forecasts that the percentage of those aged 65 or older
will sharply increase from 12.8% in 2015 to 30% in 2045, and the average life expectancy will reach
82.9 years.
While policy actions have been put in place to address population aging, baby boomers,
who account for the largest proportion of the population in Korea, are beginning to retire early.
The early retirement of those in their 50s has caught the country off guard and is increasingly becoming
a social issue. When the 50 plus generation, aged 50–64, reaches 12 million in 2019 with early retirement
and increased life expectancy, it will account for 23% of Korea’s total population of 51.8 million (Korea
Institute for Health and Social Affairs 2015; Economic Survey of Korea 2018).
According to the Seoul Metropolitan Government, while the number of those in their 50s increases
with increased life expectancy, they retire earlier and earlier; the average retirement age stands at
53. Although many of these people want to work, they are less likely to acquire another job, and the
quality of jobs they may undertake after retirement is quite low. The central government’s efforts focus
on welfare programs, which support the elderly (aged 65 or older) and vulnerable groups. However,
the Seoul Metropolitan government needs to plan the new policies for the 50 plus generation such
Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258; doi:10.3390/socsci8090258 www.mdpi.com/journal/socsci
2. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 2 of 13
as preventative support to the life redesign and field-based sustainable support through links with
related jobs, and social contributions.
In response, the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation was established in 2016, and systematic and integrated
services have begun to support the social participation of the 50 plus generation (Nam 2018). The Seoul
50 Plus Foundation developed and successfully implemented systematic, integrated, and sustainable
policies to address the various social participation needs of the 50 plus generation that were left behind
in government policies. The Foundation modeled a new paradigm that turns socioeconomic problems
caused by demographic structure and social changes into opportunities. This paradigm is an innovative
case of public institution-led social participation service policies for the 50 plus generation—the first of
its kind not only in Korea and but also around the world (Han 2014).
Thus, this study analyzes the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s case of service policies to support
the 50 plus generation and examines the characteristics of public services for the sustainable social
participation of those in their 50s and the successful operation of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s social
welfare service delivery system to provide sustainable public services. By doing so, the present study
aims to suggest specific implications that may help aging cities and countries around the world to
explore the diversity and sustainable success of 50 plus social participation policies over the long term
and strategies to operate and differentiate the integrated platform of 50 plus social welfare services.
2. Literature Review
2.1. Social Welfare Delivery System
The definition of social services varies among researchers and depends on each country’s level of
institutional development. The UK uses the concept of personal social service, which has a narrower
sense than social service. Personal social service refers to a support and care service that aims to meet
social protection needs (Cutler and Waine 1994). In the US, social service also refers to a narrow sense
of service that supports socially disadvantaged groups in terms of social protection, disabilities, and
diseases excluding income, education, healthcare, and culture (Kendall et al. 2006). In implementing
social services, Korea adopts a broad sense of the term and defines it as a service socially provided to
improve the welfare and quality of life of individuals or society as a whole (Jung 2009; Lee 2010).
While traditional social welfare services are provided at the national minimum to the recipients
of Basic Living Security, the recipients of social services have been expanded to cover those who
“need to receive services and have needs for such services” with 100% or less of the national average
household income. The provided services are also expanded across various areas that require support
in daily life such as nursing, childcare, and caregiving. With the expansion and diversification of social
service recipients and areas, the traditional mechanism that finances local non-profit organizations
to provide welfare services exposes various limitations. Consequently, vouchers are used as a new
delivery method to pay expenses directly to social service recipients: the delivery method has shifted
from provider-centered to recipient-centered (Lee 2008; Warner and Gradus 2009).
In particular, rapid population aging, rising divorce rates, falling birth rates, labor and job
insecurity, and a widening gap between the rich and the poor are becoming concerns for many
countries around the globe, and there are growing calls for a service delivery system that can respond
to the explosive demand of welfare services as a result of such socioenvironmental changes (Martin and
Kettner 1996). In the past, key components of the social welfare delivery system were discussed from
the perspective of service providers in terms of how to improve efficiency, and the reorganization or
system of welfare services was planned mostly through public structures and frameworks. However,
as more and more public or social welfare services are delivered by local or private social welfare
organizations around the world, there is a growing interest in a recipient-centered service delivery
system (Dinerman 1992; Kang 2008; Oh and Nam 2012).
The delivery system exists between service providers in the local community and between service
providers and consumers (Gilbert and Terrell 2002). In other words, the welfare service delivery system
3. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 3 of 13
as a procedure, instrument, and framework by which welfare resources are provided to users refers to
a set of procedures and systems through which welfare resources are delivered from the central or local
government to welfare service users. Gates (1980) and Gilbert and Specht (1986) defined the social
welfare service delivery system as an organizational device to link social welfare service providers and
consumers, and Friedlander and Apte (1980) comprehensively defined it as the whole service delivery
network between public and private welfare organizations for clients.
The service delivery system is, in a way, an organizational linkage between the stakeholders that
provide policy services or benefits and between service providers and consumers (Cha 2006; Whitaker
1980; Yang et al. 2016). As Mizrahi and Davis (1995) defined service integration as a holistic and systemic
work to overcome problems with a fragmented service delivery system and resolve a discrepancy
between intervention programs, professional services, and the problems or needs of individuals or
families in the local community, social welfare services require an integrated service system to simplify
various recipients and complex services or benefits and organize them more efficiently. Hence, the
delivery system refers to a system that delivers the services by interconnecting organizations or policy
recipients, not activities by a single organization to provide policy services effectively.
2.2. Services to Support the Social Participation of the 50 Plus Generation
According to Byun (2011), advanced countries that grew into aging countries before Korea have
long conducted comparative studies between generations and implemented social participation policies
for those in their 50s. In the US, extensive studies have been conducted since the end of World War II
about changes along the life cycle and life after retirement. In the UK, aging policies have been in place
since 2000, and the population continues to age, as the elderly (aged 65 or older) accounted for 17% of
the population in 2010. In Japan, a wider range of studies has been conducted since the 1980s about
the ripple effect of retirement in terms of socioeconomics. Germany became an aging country in 1932
and was an aged country in 1972—the first among advanced countries—and has implemented policies
to support the 50 plus generation, beginning with a policy that extended the retirement age in 1972
(Gilbert and Specht 1986). Around the world, aging advanced countries have mainly pursued policies
that supported the social participation of the 50 plus generation focusing on employment, extending
the retirement age, and returning those in their 50s or older who are unemployed for a long time to the
labor market (Fragoso and Valadas 2018).
Fifty plus projects first emerged from and have been operated in advanced countries. In the
US, policies that support the 50 plus generation are categorized into three groups. The Workforce
Investment Program provides integrated support based on recipients and the local community by
introducing education or training opportunities to job seekers or offering career counseling (Seoul
50 Plus Foundation 2018). The American Job Center is a one-stop career service, and the Senior
Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) trains low-income individuals aged 55 or above
in the local community. Some of the most notable organizations in the US include the American
Association of Retired Persons (AARP) and Encore.org (Encore.org, Civic Ventures) (Kim 2017).
Since its establishment in 1958, AARP has become the largest non-profit private retiree organization
in the US, with 37 million members aged 50 or older. Encore.org runs various programs that encourage
and spread an “encore” career for those over 50. The most noticeable 50 plus generation programs in
Germany, whose population aging has accelerated with aging baby boomers since the 1960s and low
birth rates in the 1970s, are Initiative 50 Plus, which aims to achieve 55% in the employment rate of
those aged 55 or above and reduce their early retirement, and Perspective 50 Plus, a government-led
employment promoting program that the German Federal Employment Agency launched in 2005
with local employment pacts (Kim 2017). The program focuses on the long-term unemployed aged
50 or older, develops their job skills, and links them with employment through trilateral cooperation
between industry, academia, and research. Consulting firms also participate jointly in the program to
provide age-tailored consulting, and companies in the private sector provide job training to job seekers.
4. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 4 of 13
The primary purpose of the program is to encourage the short-term older unemployed to get a
job, create a working environment that does not discriminate against older workers, and promote
lifelong working (Eckardt and Benneworth 2018). Policies for the 50 plus generation in the UK include
Age Positive, New Deal 50 Plus, and Link Age Plus. Age Positive is a government-led campaign that
began in 2001 to lead perception changes about the employment of the 50 plus generation, promote
related advantages, and change the practice of employers and employees. It selects institutions, private
organizations, or academic institutes that meet the government’s guidelines and carries out advice
activities in various areas such as employment management and training through government-run
online websites. New Deal 50 Plus provides training subsidies, individual counseling, and advice to
job seekers aged 50 or older who have received disability, unemployment, and income support benefits
for at least six months. Link Age Plus links employment and volunteering with funding from the
Ministry of Labour (Mizrahi and Davis 1995; Skidmore 1983).
Japan is implementing support policies for the 50 plus generation based on the Basic Law on
Measures for the Aging Society (Ministry of Employment and Labor 2013). The Tokyo Foundation
for Employment Services is a well-known public foundation that was established to support the job
opportunities and employment of Japanese people and Tokyo citizens aged 50 or older. Since 1981,
Silver Human Resources Centers in shich¯oson (municipalities) in Tokyo has identified appropriate
jobs to train those aged 50 or older, researched cases in other countries to link with employment, and
operated senior job counseling and employment centers. They were integrated in 2004 and have
since then been operated with the Tokyo Metropolis Occupational Development Center for People
with Physical and Mental Disabilities. Since 2016, Silver Human Resources Centers have supported
employers to upgrade their employment environments and nurture talented individuals and have
provided employment support services not only to elderly people but to various other job-seekers such
as people with disabilities, women, and young people. In addition, they also implement the Life-Long
Active Society Model Project in the local community (Kim 2017; Cho 2015).
3. Research Methods
3.1. Background of the Selection of the 50 Plus Foundation
Since the 1990s, Korea has actively implemented social participation policies for the 50 plus
generation that have mainly been led by the central government. In the early days, job transition
support systems or senior internships for retirees-to-be were created by focusing mainly on employment
support (Ahn and Sung 2016). Measures for the stable employment of the 50 plus generation including
employment extension subsidies, wage peak subsidies, new middle-aged job employment incentives,
support for social contribution activities, middle-aged job hope centers, life cycle career design services,
senior talent banks, and projects to support jobs in government departments are currently being
implemented (Lee 2013; Won and Song 2014).
In 2012, Mayor Park Won-soon discussed the seriousness of policies for an increasingly aging
population in Seoul. While the 50 plus generation has been left behind from support policies and
has become a social issue due to early retirement and increased life expectancy, the Post-Retirement
Second Life Center began as a pilot program commissioned in the private sector to support the social
participation of the 50 plus generation. After the Center launched, the Seoul Metropolitan Government
announced the Comprehensive Baby Boomer Cheering Plan in April 2014, which aims to provide more
systematic and active support to baby boomers, established the Post-Retirement Support Division,
organized the Post-Retirement Second Life support group composed of experts in the private sector,
and created a public-private support group. And the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation was established in
April 2016 (see Figure 1). Since then, the foundation has continued to expand its campuses, and the
services operated by the foundation have been able to deliver successful outcomes as the number of
participants in campus training increased sharply from 164,528 in 2017 to 288,828 in 2018 (Seoul 50
Plus Foundation 2018).
5. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 5 of 13Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 13
Figure 1. Seoul 50 Plus Foundation (as of 2018).
According to a survey by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the average age of 50 plus
generation is 23% (2.19 million) of the population in Seoul. By recognizing this as social problem, the
Seoul Metropolitan Government established an ordinance to support the Post-Retirement Second Life
of the 50 plus generation as those from ages 50 to 64 (separate from the elderly aged 65 or older), and
implemented the Post-Retirement Second Life Project for them (Seoul Institute 2015). In this context,
the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation, which is equipped with professionalism, accountability, and public
value, took the launched innovative integrated services to support the social participation of the 50
plus generation. All related institutions from citizens to civil society groups have participated in
implementing 50 plus policies, and the demands and needs of participants have been reflected in
such policies.
The 50 plus generation needed preemptive and preventative support like the life redesign
program, and field-based sustainable support through links with related organizations, jobs, and
social contributions. The Seoul Metropolitan Government planned to implement the 50 Plus Project,
intend the policies focused on supporting the 50 plus generation, efficiently operate 50 Plus Campus
and Centers, and ensure responsible operation and public value for the sustainable support of the 50
plus generation. The foundation was designed as the operator for efficient management with strong
momentum and representation.
3.2. Analytical Framework and Method
The study intended to examine the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s social participation service
activities for the 50 plus generation. An in-depth analysis was conducted of the establishment of a
practical social service system for effective and integrated policy service activities that aim to improve
the quality of life for the 50 plus generation across an increasingly aging country and sustain their
social participation activities (Serre 2017; O’Grady 2018). To this end, among the components of social
welfare service systems that have been defined by previous studies, such as integration, continuity,
accessibility, and accountability as asserted by Gilbert and Terrell (2002) and systematic function
distribution, professionalism, accountability, accessibility, integration, and participation as suggested
by Jo (2004), the present study excluded service factors such as continuity, professionalism, and
accountability.
The research attempted to analyze the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s service system to reinforce the
sustainability of the 50 plus generation’s social participation based on four administrative factors that
practically explain its implemented service system: integration, accessibility, systematic function
distribution, and participation. As shown Figure 2, the present study analyzes specific success factors
and activities regarding the ways in which the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s 50 plus social
Figure 1. Seoul 50 Plus Foundation (as of 2018).
According to a survey by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the average age of 50 plus
generation is 23% (2.19 million) of the population in Seoul. By recognizing this as social problem,
the Seoul Metropolitan Government established an ordinance to support the Post-Retirement Second
Life of the 50 plus generation as those from ages 50 to 64 (separate from the elderly aged 65 or
older), and implemented the Post-Retirement Second Life Project for them (Seoul Institute 2015).
In this context, the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation, which is equipped with professionalism, accountability,
and public value, took the launched innovative integrated services to support the social participation
of the 50 plus generation. All related institutions from citizens to civil society groups have participated
in implementing 50 plus policies, and the demands and needs of participants have been reflected in
such policies.
The 50 plus generation needed preemptive and preventative support like the life redesign
program, and field-based sustainable support through links with related organizations, jobs, and
social contributions. The Seoul Metropolitan Government planned to implement the 50 Plus Project,
intend the policies focused on supporting the 50 plus generation, efficiently operate 50 Plus Campus
and Centers, and ensure responsible operation and public value for the sustainable support of the
50 plus generation. The foundation was designed as the operator for efficient management with strong
momentum and representation.
3.2. Analytical Framework and Method
The study intended to examine the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s social participation service activities
for the 50 plus generation. An in-depth analysis was conducted of the establishment of a practical
social service system for effective and integrated policy service activities that aim to improve the
quality of life for the 50 plus generation across an increasingly aging country and sustain their social
participation activities (Serre 2017; O’Grady 2018). To this end, among the components of social welfare
service systems that have been defined by previous studies, such as integration, continuity, accessibility,
and accountability as asserted by Gilbert and Terrell (2002) and systematic function distribution,
professionalism, accountability, accessibility, integration, and participation as suggested by Jo (2004),
the present study excluded service factors such as continuity, professionalism, and accountability.
The research attempted to analyze the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s service system to reinforce
the sustainability of the 50 plus generation’s social participation based on four administrative factors
that practically explain its implemented service system: integration, accessibility, systematic function
distribution, and participation. As shown Figure 2, the present study analyzes specific success factors
and activities regarding the ways in which the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s 50 plus social
6. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 6 of 13
participation services were established as successful social services through these four factors of service
delivery systems and produced sustainable social participation.
Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 13
participation services were established as successful social services through these four factors of
service delivery systems and produced sustainable social participation.
Figure 2. Conceptual research model.
First, integration is necessary since the needs of recipients using welfare services do not involve
a single problem, but two or more complex problems (Muñoz-Guzmán et al. 2015; Kahn and
Kamerman 1992). In this regard, this study analyzes the 50 Plus Project in terms of various services
and the organizations or systems that have been established to provide such services. Second, an
accessible welfare service system should allow anyone who requires the service to receive the service
they need at a time and place that is convenient to them through a simple procedure (Gates 1980;
Gilbert and Specht 1986). In this respect, this study analyzes the 50 Plus Project in terms of service
accessibility for recipients considering various aspects such as physical distance and time. Third,
systematic function distribution refers to a welfare service delivery system the functions of which are
divided or distributed systematically (Seo 2008; Jo 2004). Thus, this article analyzes the delivery
process between organizations that divide the foundation’s service functions. Finally, a service
delivery system should identify the needs of local residences through widespread participation from
the local community (Sung 1992). Accordingly, this study analyzes the ways in which the Seoul 50
Plus Foundation’s various stakeholders with private organizations or groups beyond government
activities.
This research presents an innovative case that can establish an integrated and expanded
foundation for social participation services for the 50 plus generation in many aging cities, suggests
success factors that can sustainably drive such services forward, not only reinforcing the relationship
between recipients and stakeholders but also encouraging the social participation of recipients. In
this regard, this case study examines a phenomenon as a single case in its real-life context, as
suggested by Yin (1994), where the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clear. To
in-depth facts from the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s design, implementation, and service
outcomes of the 50 Plus Foundation the research method used a by Woods and Catanzaro (1998) that
investigates and analyzes in-depth data related to background, current status, environmental
characteristics, and interactions under naturalistic conditions.
For basic data, the research analyzed the interview data of project managers and recipients and
collected and examined key documents used in social service projects. Documents were collected
starting at the end of 2011, when the Seoul Metropolitan Government began to explore social
participation projects for the Post-Retirement Second Life of the 50 plus generation, until the present.
From November to December 2018, the interview data were collected from various angles with three
key staff members and managers, two government officials, and three stakeholders in public and
private organizations. A total of eight people directly involved in the foundation activities were
interviewed either one-on-one or by off-line meeting. Through these methods, the case study not only
analyzed the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s organizational operation and service quality but also
Figure 2. Conceptual research model.
First, integration is necessary since the needs of recipients using welfare services do not involve a
single problem, but two or more complex problems (Muñoz-Guzmán et al. 2015; Kahn and Kamerman
1992). In this regard, this study analyzes the 50 Plus Project in terms of various services and the
organizations or systems that have been established to provide such services. Second, an accessible
welfare service system should allow anyone who requires the service to receive the service they need
at a time and place that is convenient to them through a simple procedure (Gates 1980; Gilbert and
Specht 1986). In this respect, this study analyzes the 50 Plus Project in terms of service accessibility
for recipients considering various aspects such as physical distance and time. Third, systematic
function distribution refers to a welfare service delivery system the functions of which are divided or
distributed systematically (Seo 2008; Jo 2004). Thus, this article analyzes the delivery process between
organizations that divide the foundation’s service functions. Finally, a service delivery system should
identify the needs of local residences through widespread participation from the local community
(Sung 1992). Accordingly, this study analyzes the ways in which the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s various
stakeholders with private organizations or groups beyond government activities.
This research presents an innovative case that can establish an integrated and expanded foundation
for social participation services for the 50 plus generation in many aging cities, suggests success
factors that can sustainably drive such services forward, not only reinforcing the relationship between
recipients and stakeholders but also encouraging the social participation of recipients. In this regard,
this case study examines a phenomenon as a single case in its real-life context, as suggested by Yin
(1994), where the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clear. To in-depth facts from
the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s design, implementation, and service outcomes of the 50 Plus
Foundation the research method used a by Woods and Catanzaro (1998) that investigates and analyzes
in-depth data related to background, current status, environmental characteristics, and interactions
under naturalistic conditions.
For basic data, the research analyzed the interview data of project managers and recipients and
collected and examined key documents used in social service projects. Documents were collected
starting at the end of 2011, when the Seoul Metropolitan Government began to explore social
participation projects for the Post-Retirement Second Life of the 50 plus generation, until the present.
From November to December 2018, the interview data were collected from various angles with three
key staff members and managers, two government officials, and three stakeholders in public and
private organizations. A total of eight people directly involved in the foundation activities were
interviewed either one-on-one or by off-line meeting. Through these methods, the case study not only
analyzed the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s organizational operation and service quality but also obtained
7. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 7 of 13
information about various projects and programs operated by the foundation for the sustainability of
recipients’ social participation.
4. Case Study
4.1. Integration
The counseling services of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation are divided into two tracks. The first track
provides professional counseling in seven areas of the 50 plus generation’s life redesign. The 50 Plus
Foundation placed its focus on moving beyond providing help to solve career-related or financial
problems and to instead offer various services that help the 50 plus generation lead a healthy life over
the long term with the aim of designing their life. The focus was placed on the seven life redesign
areas; ‘job, finance’, ‘social relationship’, ‘family’, ‘health’, ‘social contribution’, and ‘leisure’, were used
to identify required service programs and implement interconnected service policies for the programs.
Likewise, the service operates 50 plus participants’ community activities in seven areas and
creation activities by discovering a job model. Additionally, the foundation provides follow-up support
such as linking jobs with related organizations and encourages startups through incubating. As such,
support is provided directly to 50 plus generation-centered groups and research for seven areas of life
design, programs planned by the 50 plus generation, or their community activities. A consultant from
the Counseling Center explains the uniqueness of such services:
“Consulting services provided by our foundation move beyond simple services that are offered by
other organizations such as policy support and analyze many concerns of the 50 plus generation from
various angles in an integrated way. We have a system that delivers tailored support services that
design and implement an individual’s life cycle. Accordingly, these services are very significant as they
pursue holistic support that can continue to support an individual’s life and help him or her to live a
healthy and meaningful life without being disconnected from society, instead of one-off government
support services.”
The second track matches education or training courses with the needs of 50 plus counseling
clients. The 50 Plus Counseling Center provides one-stop services for seven areas of life redesign and
comprehensive support that connects all of Seoul’s policies and systems with various professional
organizations. With counseling from professional consultants in the 50 plus generation, it supports social
relationships by connecting projects and social networks, runs life redesign programs, and nurtures and
assigns 50 plus consultants and moderators. The center offers a tailored learning process design that
introduces training programs tailored to the propensities and characteristics of counselors, provides
50 plus information that introduces policies, systems, groups, and programs related to the 50 plus
generation, and supports the formation of a network. The system is optimized to establish field-based
policies through people-to-people and information exchanges with the 50 plus generation.
4.2. Accessibility
The 50 Plus Foundation aims to improve the 50 plus generation’s quality of life and promote a shift
in the perception of their transition period, aiming to enhance their social participation and activities
in which they can share experiences. To achieve these objectives, the Seoul Metropolitan Government
generated innovative services that strengthen field-based implementation together with the 50 plus
generation. The service functions are distributed to the ‘foundation’, ‘campuses’, and ‘centers’ to
establish an integrated operation system so that tailored programs reflecting local characteristics
can be operated efficiently while maintaining consistency, continuity, and uniformity in the Seoul
Metropolitan Government’s support policies for the 50 plus generation’s social participation.
As a result, the organization of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation consists of three 50 Plus Campuses
and five 50 Plus Centers around the Control Tower as of 2019 (see Figure 3). The Seoul 50 Plus
Foundation oversees the 50 Plus Project and operates and supports 50 Plus Campuses and Centers.
8. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 8 of 13
The foundation directly operates 50 Plus Campuses, which serve as hubs for providing sustainable
support services across Seoul while maintaining the consistency of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s
policies. With district budgets, the foundation also commissions the private sector to operate 50 Plus
Centers, which serve as hubs for the activities of grassroots organizations in smaller parts of the city.
This allows such organizations to provide local programs reflecting local characteristics.
Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 13
Foundation oversees the 50 Plus Project and operates and supports 50 Plus Campuses and Centers.
The foundation directly operates 50 Plus Campuses, which serve as hubs for providing sustainable
support services across Seoul while maintaining the consistency of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s
policies. With district budgets, the foundation also commissions the private sector to operate 50 Plus
Centers, which serve as hubs for the activities of grassroots organizations in smaller parts of the city.
This allows such organizations to provide local programs reflecting local characteristics.
Figure 3. Structure of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation (Reference: Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s Annual Report).
The Seoul 50 Plus Campus and Center are district facilities that provide a site for networking
activities between the 50 plus generation. The campuses and centers currently deliver local training
programs and community-linked programs. The 50 plus new culture and infrastructure strategy
provides locations in which the 50 plus generation can share activities, build a community, and create
a new culture. Furthermore, it supports community activities based on common interests in which
the 50 plus generation takes the clubs, small groups, associations, organizations, cooperatives, and
legal entities. It also provides various places; shared offices, lecture rooms, meeting rooms, forums,
community halls, and startup innovation centers where different generations can exchange ideas.
The holistic design of the 50 Plus Centers and Campuses and the operation of communities are
intended to encourage the active participation of 50 plus service providers and can serve as an
important element in ensuring service recipients’ active and sustainable participation and making it
easier to access services.
The 50 Plus Foundation has also established the 50 Plus Information System, an integrated and
efficient platform that gathers generational information in one place to share and provide
information. It provides users with quick, accurate, and tailored services in an efficient and integrated
way so that all 50 plus generation information such as jobs, communities, counseling, training
courses, and contests can be shared and exchanged. The 50 Plus Information System is a tool that
facilitates online access to services and offers users more opportunities to log in any time, receive
various types of information, and find support services that fit their needs. Strategies that establish a
holistic organization to facilitate access to services across all parts of Seoul and build a community-
centered network for those in the 50 plus generation who are not familiar with community or social
participation activities have encouraged more active participation from this generation, resulting in
sustainable participation in activities and an a consistently increasing number of participants.
4.3. Systematic Function Distribution
The 50 Plus Foundation required a systematic and professional operation management of social
welfare services and established a service participation process model in which participants begin
with counseling, go through a preliminary process to explore various opportunities, build their
competencies through a specific retraining or education program, choose their desired social
participation activities, and receive personalized support. Integrated support services for the 50 plus
Figure 3. Structure of the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation (Reference: Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s
Annual Report).
The Seoul 50 Plus Campus and Center are district facilities that provide a site for networking
activities between the 50 plus generation. The campuses and centers currently deliver local training
programs and community-linked programs. The 50 plus new culture and infrastructure strategy
provides locations in which the 50 plus generation can share activities, build a community, and create a
new culture. Furthermore, it supports community activities based on common interests in which the
50 plus generation takes the clubs, small groups, associations, organizations, cooperatives, and legal
entities. It also provides various places; shared offices, lecture rooms, meeting rooms, forums,
community halls, and startup innovation centers where different generations can exchange ideas.
The holistic design of the 50 Plus Centers and Campuses and the operation of communities are intended
to encourage the active participation of 50 plus service providers and can serve as an important
element in ensuring service recipients’ active and sustainable participation and making it easier to
access services.
The 50 Plus Foundation has also established the 50 Plus Information System, an integrated and
efficient platform that gathers generational information in one place to share and provide information.
It provides users with quick, accurate, and tailored services in an efficient and integrated way so that
all 50 plus generation information such as jobs, communities, counseling, training courses, and contests
can be shared and exchanged. The 50 Plus Information System is a tool that facilitates online access to
services and offers users more opportunities to log in any time, receive various types of information,
and find support services that fit their needs. Strategies that establish a holistic organization to facilitate
access to services across all parts of Seoul and build a community-centered network for those in
the 50 plus generation who are not familiar with community or social participation activities have
encouraged more active participation from this generation, resulting in sustainable participation in
activities and an a consistently increasing number of participants.
4.3. Systematic Function Distribution
The 50 Plus Foundation required a systematic and professional operation management of social
welfare services and established a service participation process model in which participants begin with
counseling, go through a preliminary process to explore various opportunities, build their competencies
through a specific retraining or education program, choose their desired social participation activities,
and receive personalized support. Integrated support services for the 50 plus generation’s social
9. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 9 of 13
participation begin with 50 Plus Counseling Center, where counseling is provided with 50 plus
participants or expert consultants. Participants then join job- or activity-exploring courses on life
transition, jobs, activities, and daily life skills, moving on to life transition professional courses that offer
more professional training, job or activities professional courses, or job-connecting training courses
in partnership with professional organizations. This leads to social participation activities in jobs
or activities.
The primary objective of these training courses is to identify jobs that contribute to society with a
strategy that involves the 50 plus generation in the discovery of jobs and occupations to create shared
social value, implement partnering projects, help them find the latter part of their life rewarding,
and use their competencies and experiences. Discovered job models lead to job support services;
they provide support for the establishment of social enterprises, cooperatives, and other non-profit
organizations with shared offices or group support, result in social contribution activities through talent
donation, and connect with training courses or related organizations through newly discovered job
models. Allowing the 50 plus generation to take the lead as job seekers rather than welfare recipients
engages their competencies and experiences, allows them to explore new career paths, and provides
them with new opportunities. This method supports activities that create new job demand, allowing
the 50 plus generation to participate in social activities in a sustainable way. A project manager from
the 50 Plus Foundation’s Public Relations and Cooperation Team explained the functions in each step
of these courses as follows:
“Since the Seoul 50 Plus Project aims to not only support services but provide tailored services that
can create participation, settlement, and sustainable social participation right from the design phase,
the process design and each function have established an organic and strategic relationship and laid
the groundwork where all functions of services can be operated systematically and organically by
responsible centers or organizations. Accordingly, even though many participants sign up, one-on-one
tailored services are operated smoothly. We are continuing to develop our foundation to increase the
success rate in social participation, so we expect to deliver more advanced services in the future.”
The Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s job strategy focuses on using the 50 plus generation’s experiences
and abilities so that they can realize personal achievements, secure an income, generate social change,
and contribute to society, providing opportunities to explore new careers, and creating and spreading
job models by discovering and connecting the occupations that have social needs. Rather than simply
providing job or training programs, the model delivers active support through reinforcing social
networks that have deteriorated after retirement. The model allows the transition into a new career,
startups through community. Additionally, it provides them with practical benefits and opportunities
by implementing projects in connection with private enterprises and offering support in partnership
with professional organizations. This model is further developed each year by discovering, connecting,
and retraining the 50 plus generation with new and sustainable job models.
4.4. Participation
The Seoul Metropolitan Government is a major stakeholder that supports and supervises the
Seoul 50 Plus Foundation to provide realistic and integrated social participation services to the
50 plus generation. It plays a role in maintaining an organic relationship between the foundation
and center-related organizations. The organizations in civil society serve as links to spaces in the
local community that public institutions have difficulty working or accessing. This allows the 50 plus
generation to build a cooperative network and lay the community groundwork, helping to expand
various activities and effective services. Stakeholders in the private sector support professional and
innovative programs that public institutions cannot provide to allow the 50 plus generation to receive
systematic and professional training and consulting and participate realistically in society.
The number of partnering organizations that provide training to the 50 plus generation to establish
a platform where they can share their experience and knowledge has increased every year. Such partners
10. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 10 of 13
include various public institutions, private organizations, foundations, private enterprises, social
enterprises, and cooperatives such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the Ministry of Health
and Welfare, the Seoul Welfare Foundation, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs etc.
Furthermore, with the 50 plus generation’s community activities, support for research by 50 plus
participants, programs, shared offices, intergenerational integration startup campuses, 50 plus forums,
and 50 plus festivals, the foundation provides support to enable 50 plus participants to proactively create
various activities. Furthermore, by building and developing an organic relationship between the 50 plus
generation, private organizations, civil society groups, and the foundation in job education, health,
finance, counseling, and culture, it shares each organization’s professionalism and resources, explores
joint planning for collaborative projects, and focuses on expanding the infrastructure. This results
in the dissemination of a new culture and empathy regarding the 50 plus generation by increasing
their information and databases and securing an information network. As of 2018, the foundation has
partnerships with 100 organizations and groups.
The CEO of Hope Doremi discusses the organization’s partnership with the 50 Plus Foundation
in the following:
“Together with the 50 Plus Foundation, Hope Doremi has carried out social contribution activity
projects and helped many people in their 50s to participate in social activities since 2016. We have done
various and sustainable activities contributing to the local community and been accepted positively by
participants. I believe that co-existence with private organizations like us beyond government agencies
not only disseminates social services, it also contributes to shared growth with various stakeholders
and ultimately improves positive infrastructure and social service competencies across society.”
The field-based management provides cultural sites in which 50 plus participants take the lead,
exchange, and work with one another. The foundation operates a systematic support system that offers
50 plus professional counseling, followed by training tailored to the needs of the 50 plus generation,
and jobs, specific activities, or leisure. By reinforcing governance that connects related organizations,
participants, the foundation, civil society groups, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government and operating
an integrated information system, the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation’s integrated social participation services
support the 50 plus generation’s sustainable social participation. The 50 Plus Project based on the
integrated governance system across all parts of society results in the accumulation of organizational
social service competencies and know-how regarding encouraging social participation from those
in their 50s, includes more diverse participants, and performs an important function in maintaining
sustainable services in society.
5. Conclusions
This case study of Seoul’s social participation service model for the 50 plus generation has
identified the following implications. First, although national social welfare systems for elderly groups
were primarily focused on providing support in the past, the social welfare system for the 50 plus
generation now requires a participation-centered service system to consider their quality of life rather
than solely focusing on productivity. As in the case of the Seoul 50 Plus Project, social services should
be considered in the integrated service system to encourage and support voluntary participation in
jobs, leisure, social contributions, health, family, finance, and social relationships.
Second, in accordance with changing trends, the 50 plus generation’s social welfare should move
beyond startup or retirement support and ensure that they are not alienated from society and have
access to participate more actively in job-seeking activities, community activities, and other civil society
activities. In this respect, it is necessary to explore services in various aspects including society, culture,
and economy and participation-centered programs. Finally, it is necessary to connect a network
with the local community, social enterprises, and for-profit enterprises and change policy strategies.
This will allow the realization of the effectiveness of realistic and sustainable social participation
11. Soc. Sci. 2019, 8, 258 11 of 13
beyond the traditional social service delivery framework that designs or implements policies from the
central or local government in a one-way, top-down direction.
However, this case study has only examined a single case. It means that this case study cannot
represent the diversity of all social participation service activities for the 50 plus generation in a
large city in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, the present study has limitations regarding subjective
interpretations that occur in the analysis process. To overcome such limitations, it is necessary to
conduct a comparative case study to juxtapose the social participation welfare service cases with those
of large cities in other leading countries in Northeast Asia such as China or Japan. In addition, although
this study used only the four factors to the case analysis but other factors to reinforce the social service
system should be considered and empirically examined their effectiveness. Last, the perspective
of social service providers without participant’s interviews would make it possible to differences
regarding whether the social participation activities of service recipients in their 50s can ultimately
lead to their service satisfaction with life. The future study will need a perspective balance between
users and providers.
Author Contributions: Data curation, M.L.; Formal analysis, B.K.; Methodology, B.K.; Supervision, M.M.;
Writing—original draft, M.L. and B.K.; Writing—review & editing, M.M.
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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