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Sociology of Machine Learning Ethics and Fairness Accountability and Transparency Labor and Automation Surveillance and Privacy Cultural and social Impacts Policy and Governance
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Sociology impact of technology on society
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1 An Introduction to Data Ethics MODULE AUTHOR1 S
1
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:1
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2-7
PART ONE:
What ethically significant harms and benefits can data present? 7-13
Case Study 1
PART TWO:
Common ethical challenges for data practitioners and users
Case Study 2
Case Study 3 25-28
PART THREE:
What are data practitioners’ obligations to the public? 29-33
Case Study 4
PART FOUR:
What general ethical frameworks might guide data practice?
PART FIVE:
What are ethical best practices for data practitioners? 48-56
Case Study 5 57-58
Case Study 6 58-59
APPENDIX A: Relevant Professional Ethics Codes & Guidelines (Links) 60
APPENDIX B: Bibliography/Further Reading 61-63
1 Thanks to Anna Lauren Hoffman and Irina Raicu for their very helpful comments on an early draft of this module.
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39-47
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An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
1. What do we mean when we talk about ‘ethics’?
Ethics in the broadest sense refers to the concern that humans have always had for figuring out
how best to live. The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C. that “the most important
thing is not life, but the good life.”2 We would all like to avoid a bad life, one that is shameful
and sad, fundamentally lacking in worthy achievements, unredeemed by love, kindness, beauty,
friendship, courage, honor, joy, or grace. Yet what is the best way to obtain the opposite of this
– a life that is not only acceptable, but even excellent and worthy of admiration? How do we
identify a good life, one worth choosing from among all the different ways of living that lay open
to us? This is the question that the study of ethics attempts to answer.
Today, the study of ethics can be found in many different places. As an academic field of study,
it belongs primarily to the discipline of philosophy, where it is studied either on a theoretical
level (‘what is the best theory of the good life?’) or on a practical, applied level as will be our
focus (‘how should we act in this or that situation, based upon our best theories of ethics?’). In
community life, ethics is pursued through diverse cultural, religious, or regional/local ideals and
practices, through which particular groups give their members guidance about how best to live.
This political aspect of ethics introduces questions about power, justice, and responsibility. On a
personal level, ethics can be found in an individual’s moral reflection and continual strivings to
become a better person. In work life, ethics is often formulated in formal codes or standards to
which all members of a profession are held, such as those of medical or legal ethics. Professional
ethics is also taught in dedicated courses, such as business ethics. ...
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and TechnologySearch and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical Futures
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
FirstReview these assigned readings; they will serve as your .docx
First:
Review these assigned readings; they will serve as your scientific sources of accurate information:
http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/Top_10_Stem_Cell_Treatment_Facts.html
http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/How_Science_Becomes_Medicine.html
http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/649266-fighting-ageing-using-stem-cell-therapy.html
http://www.nature.com/news/stem-cells-in-texas-cowboy-culture-1.12404
http://www.cbc.ca/radio/whitecoat/blog/stem-cell-hype-and-risk-1.3654515
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/7/278/278ps4.full
Next:
Use a standard Google search for this phrase: “stem cell therapy.” Do not go to Google Scholar. Select one of the websites, blogs, or other locations that offer stem cell therapies.
Save the link for your selected site.
Read the materials provided on your selected site and find out who the authors and sponsors of the site are by going to their “home” or “about us” pages.
Finally, submit your responses to the following in an essay of 500-750 words (2-3 pages of text—use a separate page for a title and for your references):
You are going to prepare a critique of the site you located and compare it to the scientific information available on this therapy.
Give the full title of the website, web blog, or other site that you selected, along with the link.
Describe the therapy that is being offered and what conditions it is designed to treat.
Who are the authors and sponsors of the site you selected?
Compare the claims about the therapy offered to what is said in the assigned readings about this type of therapy. You may have to use our library, as well, to determine what scientists and researchers have to say about the use of stem cells to treat this condition.
Would you say that the therapy you found is a well-established, proven technique for humans, or more of an experimental, unproven approach?
What about the type of language discussed in the Goldman article? Is the therapy you found using sensationalist claims and terminology that are not supported by the scientific research?
Would you recommend that a patient with this condition go ahead and participate in this treatment? Why or why not?
Literature review on how Information Technology has impacted governing bodies’ ability to align public policy with stakeholder needs
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This document discusses the evolution of TCP/IP and the internet. It explains that prior to the 1960s, computer communication consisted mainly of simple text and binary data transmitted over telephone circuit networks. In the 1960s, Paul Baran described a robust packet switching network that would be more efficient. This led to the creation of the ARPANET in the late 1960s, which used early versions of protocols like TCP and IP. TCP and IP were combined into the TCP/IP protocol suite in 1974 to better handle the increasing network load. The TCP/IP protocol suite became widely adopted and led to the commercialization and growth of the internet.
Open systems theory
Open Systems Theory (OST) views organizations as open systems that are influenced by and influence their external environments through a process of mutual adaptation. An open system must actively adapt to changing values and expectations in its external environment in order to remain viable over time. OST recognizes that organizations exist within broader social, economic, political, and technological contexts and must respond to changes in these environments to succeed.
Flyer for Dr. Chirag Shah Speaker
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Improving Knowledge Handling by building intellegent social systems
This document discusses improving knowledge handling by building intelligent systems using social agent modelling. It proposes capturing knowledge from social environments by developing new features in social network analysis systems and using this knowledge to model multi-agent systems. The approach involves extending social network analysis to cover more qualitative factors like emotions, relationships and trust to better represent knowledge and simulate agent behavior. Capturing these social aspects from real networks can provide criteria to analyze and design intelligent multi-agent systems.
Performance Profile
Here are the key steps for conducting a trade area analysis:
1. Define the trade area. Determine the geographic boundaries that encompass the majority (e.g. 75%+) of a store's customers based on factors like drive time, road networks, geographical barriers. Common trade areas are 5, 10, 15 minute drives.
2. Analyze demographic data. Obtain census data on population, income levels, age distribution, household types etc. within the trade area and compare to national averages. This provides insights into customer base.
3. Examine competitor analysis. Identify and locate any competing stores or brands within the trade area. Analyzing their strengths, weaknesses and customer value propositions helps determine opportunities.
ASSIGNMENT ON IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY
Industrial sociology studies human behavior and social relationships within industrial organizations and work settings. It examines how formal and informal social structures and interactions influence workplace culture, communication, decision-making, and productivity. Industrial sociology also analyzes how industrialization impacts society through issues like class divisions, urbanization, and social problems. Understanding industrial sociology helps optimize human potential in organizations and address problems that arise from industrial development and complex social changes.
Project Abstract
This research will examine whether metaphors and conceptual models that encourage systems thinking can improve decision making. Systems thinking emphasizes understanding relationships and interdependencies within complex systems. The research involves eight studies to identify metaphors that promote systems thinking and test if it leads to better decisions. Experiments will identify effective systemic metaphors and evaluate their effects on risk assessment and choice. Additional experiments will determine if valuing the system is necessary for improved decisions from systems thinking. Field studies will assess the impact of metaphors on conservation behaviors and political participation. The goal is to develop simple, scalable ways to incorporate systems thinking into everyday choices through metaphorical framing.
1) Values in Computational Models RevaluedComputational mode.docx
1) Values in Computational Models Revalued
Computational models are mathematical representations that are designed to study the behaviour of complex systems. Systems under study are usually nonlinear and complex to the extent that conventional analytics cannot be used. Scholars have tried to establish the role played by trust and values in the use of such models in the analysis of public administration.
Public decision-making is itself a complex endeavour that involves the input of multiple stakeholders. Usually, there are a lot of conflicting interests that influence the final outcome of such decision-making processes (Klabunde & Willekens, 2016). In a computational model, a number of factors equally influence the outcome of the process. One of them is the number of actors involved –the presence of more actors normally implies increased mistrust. Another factor is the amount of trust that already exists among the decision makers. In cases where the group is homogenous, there is likely to be more trust and thus, less concern about the number of actors involved.
Given the importance of these two factors, the designer of any such model bears the largest burden in assuring the value of the model. He or she can choose to implement agency by humans or by technology depending on the number of actors and trust among them. Also, model designer determines the margins of error from each scenario while modelling (Gershman, Markman & Otto, 2014). Since in conventional decision-making processes different actors have different roles, the model designer may decide to accord different levels of authority to different actors. Nevertheless, they must ensure that such a decision does not affect the trust of the system. Overall, what values are sought from a computational model in a public decision-making context?
References
Gershman, S. J., Markman, A. B., & Otto, A. R. (2014). Retrospective revaluation in sequential decision making: A tale of two systems.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
,
143
(1), 182-194.
Klabunde, A., & Willekens, F. (2016). Decision-making in agent-based models of migration: state of the art and challenges.
European Journal of Population
,
32
(1), 73-97.
2) Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government
The authors of the article “Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government” discuss the application of the idea of crowdsourcing by public agencies. It leverages Web-based platforms to gather information from a large number of individuals for solving intricate problems (Loukis and Charalabidis 284). The scholars revealed that the concept of crowdsourcing was first adopted by organizations in the private sector, especially creative and design firms. Later on, state agencies began to determine how to leverage crowdsourcing to obtain “collective wisdom” from citizens aimed at informing the formulation and implementation of public policies.
Active and passive approaches to crowdsourcing are similar as they are both.
A governance perspective on user acceptance of autonomous systems in Singapore
Autonomous systems that operate without human intervention by utilising artificial intelligence are a significant feature of the fourth industrial revolution. Various autonomous systems, such as driverless cars, unmanned drones and robots, are being tested in ongoing trials and have even been adopted in some countries. While there has been a discussion of the benefits and risks of specific autonomous systems, more needs to be known about user acceptance of these systems. The reactions of the public, especially regarding novel technologies, can help policymakers better understand people's perspectives and needs, and involve them in decision-making for governance and regulation of autonomous systems. This study has examined the factors that influence the acceptance of autonomous systems by the public in Singapore, which is a forerunner in the adoption of autonomous systems. The Unified Technology Adoption and Use Theory (UTAUT) is modified by introducing the role of government and perceived risk in using the systems. Using structural equation modelling to analyse data from an online survey (n = 500) in Singapore, we find that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and trust in government to govern autonomous systems significantly and positively impact the behavioural intention to use autonomous systems. Perceived risk has a negative relationship with user acceptance of autonomous systems. This study contributes to the literature by identifying latent variables that affect behavioural intention to use autonomous systems, especially by introducing the factor of trust in government to manage risks from the use of these systems and filling the gap by studying the entire domain of autonomous systems instead of a narrow focus on one application. The findings will enable policymakers to understand the perceptions of the public in regard to adoption and regulation, and designers and manufacturers to improve user experience.
Modeling the Web : Paradigm changes and strategic scenarios - Stefano A. Cerri
Modeling the Web : Paradigm changes and strategic scenarios - Stefano A. Cerriwebscience-montpellier
1) The document discusses two emerging paradigm shifts in informatics: from algorithms to interaction and from programs to services. These shifts are necessary for understanding phenomena on the current Web and forecasting its future evolution.
2) It proposes using these paradigms to develop a new Web science curriculum at the University of Montpellier to understand, engineer, and ensure the social benefits of the Web.
3) The paradigms have important impacts on models of governance and other aspects of Web science like education, as they involve modeling interaction between autonomous human and artificial agents.Exploring the Sociology of Robotics.pptx
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Sociology impact of technology on society
Technology and human life cannot be separated. We use technology in our daily life to travel, to communicate, to learn and more. However technology has also caused us concerns. Its poor application has results into serious threat to our lives and society. So we have conducted a survey to see its effect in our lives
Research IDEA
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1 An Introduction to Data Ethics MODULE AUTHOR1 S
1
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:1
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2-7
PART ONE:
What ethically significant harms and benefits can data present? 7-13
Case Study 1
PART TWO:
Common ethical challenges for data practitioners and users
Case Study 2
Case Study 3 25-28
PART THREE:
What are data practitioners’ obligations to the public? 29-33
Case Study 4
PART FOUR:
What general ethical frameworks might guide data practice?
PART FIVE:
What are ethical best practices for data practitioners? 48-56
Case Study 5 57-58
Case Study 6 58-59
APPENDIX A: Relevant Professional Ethics Codes & Guidelines (Links) 60
APPENDIX B: Bibliography/Further Reading 61-63
1 Thanks to Anna Lauren Hoffman and Irina Raicu for their very helpful comments on an early draft of this module.
33-39
39-47
13-16
17-21
21-25
2
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
1. What do we mean when we talk about ‘ethics’?
Ethics in the broadest sense refers to the concern that humans have always had for figuring out
how best to live. The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C. that “the most important
thing is not life, but the good life.”2 We would all like to avoid a bad life, one that is shameful
and sad, fundamentally lacking in worthy achievements, unredeemed by love, kindness, beauty,
friendship, courage, honor, joy, or grace. Yet what is the best way to obtain the opposite of this
– a life that is not only acceptable, but even excellent and worthy of admiration? How do we
identify a good life, one worth choosing from among all the different ways of living that lay open
to us? This is the question that the study of ethics attempts to answer.
Today, the study of ethics can be found in many different places. As an academic field of study,
it belongs primarily to the discipline of philosophy, where it is studied either on a theoretical
level (‘what is the best theory of the good life?’) or on a practical, applied level as will be our
focus (‘how should we act in this or that situation, based upon our best theories of ethics?’). In
community life, ethics is pursued through diverse cultural, religious, or regional/local ideals and
practices, through which particular groups give their members guidance about how best to live.
This political aspect of ethics introduces questions about power, justice, and responsibility. On a
personal level, ethics can be found in an individual’s moral reflection and continual strivings to
become a better person. In work life, ethics is often formulated in formal codes or standards to
which all members of a profession are held, such as those of medical or legal ethics. Professional
ethics is also taught in dedicated courses, such as business ethics. ...
ESSAY ON STELLA
This document discusses modelling and simulation using the STELLA software. It provides an example of modelling predator-prey dynamics between snowshoe hares and lynx. The document defines modelling and simulation, discusses their uses in education, and outlines the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. It then applies this model in STELLA to simulate snowshoe hare and lynx populations over time under different levels of lynx predation.
Sna based reasoning for multiagent
The social network analysis (SNA), branch of complex systems can be used in the construction of multiagent
systems. This paper proposes a study of how social network analysis can assist in modeling multiagent
systems, while addressing similarities and differences between the two theories. We built a prototype
of multi-agent systems for resolution of tasks through the formation of teams of agents that are formed on
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Multi agent paradigm for cognitive parameter based feature similarity for soc...
Abstract The ABM methodology is a favorable approach to model and analyze complex social phenomena that may involve non-linear feedback loops. It has been applied successfully to model a number of social phenomena involving different social processes and organizational structures. Availability of cheap computing power and rich software resources has made ABM a widely used and hence more popular methodology. A modeler using ABM however have be careful about choosing the right amount of detail (less and more both can be problematic) and validating (internal and external) the model. Interpreting and analyzing results is also an involved task. In this paper, we have demonstrated how ABM can be applied to model and analyze the voting preference formation and resultant voting decisions of individuals in a population. The model assumes a two party system. We designed three versions of the simulation and observed the results for a large number of runs with different parameter variations. The results obtained present interesting picture and resultant inferences.
Multi agent paradigm for cognitive parameter based feature similarity for soc...
Multi agent paradigm for cognitive parameter based feature similarity for soc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and TechnologySearch and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical Futures
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
FirstReview these assigned readings; they will serve as your .docx
First:
Review these assigned readings; they will serve as your scientific sources of accurate information:
http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/Top_10_Stem_Cell_Treatment_Facts.html
http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/How_Science_Becomes_Medicine.html
http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/649266-fighting-ageing-using-stem-cell-therapy.html
http://www.nature.com/news/stem-cells-in-texas-cowboy-culture-1.12404
http://www.cbc.ca/radio/whitecoat/blog/stem-cell-hype-and-risk-1.3654515
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/7/278/278ps4.full
Next:
Use a standard Google search for this phrase: “stem cell therapy.” Do not go to Google Scholar. Select one of the websites, blogs, or other locations that offer stem cell therapies.
Save the link for your selected site.
Read the materials provided on your selected site and find out who the authors and sponsors of the site are by going to their “home” or “about us” pages.
Finally, submit your responses to the following in an essay of 500-750 words (2-3 pages of text—use a separate page for a title and for your references):
You are going to prepare a critique of the site you located and compare it to the scientific information available on this therapy.
Give the full title of the website, web blog, or other site that you selected, along with the link.
Describe the therapy that is being offered and what conditions it is designed to treat.
Who are the authors and sponsors of the site you selected?
Compare the claims about the therapy offered to what is said in the assigned readings about this type of therapy. You may have to use our library, as well, to determine what scientists and researchers have to say about the use of stem cells to treat this condition.
Would you say that the therapy you found is a well-established, proven technique for humans, or more of an experimental, unproven approach?
What about the type of language discussed in the Goldman article? Is the therapy you found using sensationalist claims and terminology that are not supported by the scientific research?
Would you recommend that a patient with this condition go ahead and participate in this treatment? Why or why not?
Literature review on how Information Technology has impacted governing bodies’ ability to align public policy with stakeholder needs
Nowadays, the governing bodies both in public and private sectors are dealing with complex systems on a day to day operations. These systems are made up of different components which present varying interactions and interrelationships with and/or among each other; therefore, making their management to be difficult or challenging. Indeed, Ruiz, Zabaleta & Elorza (2016), highlighted that public policymakers have to deal with complex systems which involve heterogeneous agents that act in non-linear behaviors making their management difficult. Neziraj & Shaqiri (2018) also stated that the policymakers are faced with problems which are complex and non-uniform due to a lot of uncertainties and risk situ.
Organization Structure And Inter-Organizational...
This document discusses the evolution of TCP/IP and the internet. It explains that prior to the 1960s, computer communication consisted mainly of simple text and binary data transmitted over telephone circuit networks. In the 1960s, Paul Baran described a robust packet switching network that would be more efficient. This led to the creation of the ARPANET in the late 1960s, which used early versions of protocols like TCP and IP. TCP and IP were combined into the TCP/IP protocol suite in 1974 to better handle the increasing network load. The TCP/IP protocol suite became widely adopted and led to the commercialization and growth of the internet.
Open systems theory
Open Systems Theory (OST) views organizations as open systems that are influenced by and influence their external environments through a process of mutual adaptation. An open system must actively adapt to changing values and expectations in its external environment in order to remain viable over time. OST recognizes that organizations exist within broader social, economic, political, and technological contexts and must respond to changes in these environments to succeed.
Flyer for Dr. Chirag Shah Speaker
Dr. Chirag Shah will give a talk on seeking synergy in information seeking. He will discuss how community question answering services and collaborative searching are changing how people find information online. Dr. Shah will present research on identifying potential collaborations among searchers by analyzing their search processes, and how combining individual searches could lead to better solutions. He will conclude by outlining challenges and opportunities in collaborative and social aspects of information seeking.
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This document discusses how technologies can change role relations and work systems. It proposes using a role-based perspective and dramaturgical analysis to study these changes. The document then presents an ethnographic study of how the internet has changed the relationship between car salesmen and customers. It finds that the internet allows customers to research cars online, reducing the salesmen's role and changing the dynamics of sales encounters. The document argues this approach can provide insights into how technologies alter interactions and work systems over the long term in occupation-specific ways.
Improving Knowledge Handling by building intellegent social systems
This document discusses improving knowledge handling by building intelligent systems using social agent modelling. It proposes capturing knowledge from social environments by developing new features in social network analysis systems and using this knowledge to model multi-agent systems. The approach involves extending social network analysis to cover more qualitative factors like emotions, relationships and trust to better represent knowledge and simulate agent behavior. Capturing these social aspects from real networks can provide criteria to analyze and design intelligent multi-agent systems.
Performance Profile
Here are the key steps for conducting a trade area analysis:
1. Define the trade area. Determine the geographic boundaries that encompass the majority (e.g. 75%+) of a store's customers based on factors like drive time, road networks, geographical barriers. Common trade areas are 5, 10, 15 minute drives.
2. Analyze demographic data. Obtain census data on population, income levels, age distribution, household types etc. within the trade area and compare to national averages. This provides insights into customer base.
3. Examine competitor analysis. Identify and locate any competing stores or brands within the trade area. Analyzing their strengths, weaknesses and customer value propositions helps determine opportunities.
ASSIGNMENT ON IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY
Industrial sociology studies human behavior and social relationships within industrial organizations and work settings. It examines how formal and informal social structures and interactions influence workplace culture, communication, decision-making, and productivity. Industrial sociology also analyzes how industrialization impacts society through issues like class divisions, urbanization, and social problems. Understanding industrial sociology helps optimize human potential in organizations and address problems that arise from industrial development and complex social changes.
Project Abstract
This research will examine whether metaphors and conceptual models that encourage systems thinking can improve decision making. Systems thinking emphasizes understanding relationships and interdependencies within complex systems. The research involves eight studies to identify metaphors that promote systems thinking and test if it leads to better decisions. Experiments will identify effective systemic metaphors and evaluate their effects on risk assessment and choice. Additional experiments will determine if valuing the system is necessary for improved decisions from systems thinking. Field studies will assess the impact of metaphors on conservation behaviors and political participation. The goal is to develop simple, scalable ways to incorporate systems thinking into everyday choices through metaphorical framing.
1) Values in Computational Models RevaluedComputational mode.docx
1) Values in Computational Models Revalued
Computational models are mathematical representations that are designed to study the behaviour of complex systems. Systems under study are usually nonlinear and complex to the extent that conventional analytics cannot be used. Scholars have tried to establish the role played by trust and values in the use of such models in the analysis of public administration.
Public decision-making is itself a complex endeavour that involves the input of multiple stakeholders. Usually, there are a lot of conflicting interests that influence the final outcome of such decision-making processes (Klabunde & Willekens, 2016). In a computational model, a number of factors equally influence the outcome of the process. One of them is the number of actors involved –the presence of more actors normally implies increased mistrust. Another factor is the amount of trust that already exists among the decision makers. In cases where the group is homogenous, there is likely to be more trust and thus, less concern about the number of actors involved.
Given the importance of these two factors, the designer of any such model bears the largest burden in assuring the value of the model. He or she can choose to implement agency by humans or by technology depending on the number of actors and trust among them. Also, model designer determines the margins of error from each scenario while modelling (Gershman, Markman & Otto, 2014). Since in conventional decision-making processes different actors have different roles, the model designer may decide to accord different levels of authority to different actors. Nevertheless, they must ensure that such a decision does not affect the trust of the system. Overall, what values are sought from a computational model in a public decision-making context?
References
Gershman, S. J., Markman, A. B., & Otto, A. R. (2014). Retrospective revaluation in sequential decision making: A tale of two systems.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
,
143
(1), 182-194.
Klabunde, A., & Willekens, F. (2016). Decision-making in agent-based models of migration: state of the art and challenges.
European Journal of Population
,
32
(1), 73-97.
2) Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government
The authors of the article “Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government” discuss the application of the idea of crowdsourcing by public agencies. It leverages Web-based platforms to gather information from a large number of individuals for solving intricate problems (Loukis and Charalabidis 284). The scholars revealed that the concept of crowdsourcing was first adopted by organizations in the private sector, especially creative and design firms. Later on, state agencies began to determine how to leverage crowdsourcing to obtain “collective wisdom” from citizens aimed at informing the formulation and implementation of public policies.
Active and passive approaches to crowdsourcing are similar as they are both.
A governance perspective on user acceptance of autonomous systems in Singapore
Autonomous systems that operate without human intervention by utilising artificial intelligence are a significant feature of the fourth industrial revolution. Various autonomous systems, such as driverless cars, unmanned drones and robots, are being tested in ongoing trials and have even been adopted in some countries. While there has been a discussion of the benefits and risks of specific autonomous systems, more needs to be known about user acceptance of these systems. The reactions of the public, especially regarding novel technologies, can help policymakers better understand people's perspectives and needs, and involve them in decision-making for governance and regulation of autonomous systems. This study has examined the factors that influence the acceptance of autonomous systems by the public in Singapore, which is a forerunner in the adoption of autonomous systems. The Unified Technology Adoption and Use Theory (UTAUT) is modified by introducing the role of government and perceived risk in using the systems. Using structural equation modelling to analyse data from an online survey (n = 500) in Singapore, we find that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and trust in government to govern autonomous systems significantly and positively impact the behavioural intention to use autonomous systems. Perceived risk has a negative relationship with user acceptance of autonomous systems. This study contributes to the literature by identifying latent variables that affect behavioural intention to use autonomous systems, especially by introducing the factor of trust in government to manage risks from the use of these systems and filling the gap by studying the entire domain of autonomous systems instead of a narrow focus on one application. The findings will enable policymakers to understand the perceptions of the public in regard to adoption and regulation, and designers and manufacturers to improve user experience.
Modeling the Web : Paradigm changes and strategic scenarios - Stefano A. Cerri
Modeling the Web : Paradigm changes and strategic scenarios - Stefano A. Cerriwebscience-montpellier
1) The document discusses two emerging paradigm shifts in informatics: from algorithms to interaction and from programs to services. These shifts are necessary for understanding phenomena on the current Web and forecasting its future evolution.
2) It proposes using these paradigms to develop a new Web science curriculum at the University of Montpellier to understand, engineer, and ensure the social benefits of the Web.
3) The paradigms have important impacts on models of governance and other aspects of Web science like education, as they involve modeling interaction between autonomous human and artificial agents.Similar to Sociology of Machine Learning.pptx Explained (20)
Multi agent paradigm for cognitive parameter based feature similarity for soc...
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Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical Futures
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FirstReview these assigned readings; they will serve as your .docx
FirstReview these assigned readings; they will serve as your .docx
Organization Structure And Inter-Organizational...
Organization Structure And Inter-Organizational...
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1) Values in Computational Models RevaluedComputational mode.docx
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A governance perspective on user acceptance of autonomous systems in Singapore
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Modeling the Web : Paradigm changes and strategic scenarios - Stefano A. Cerri
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HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
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👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
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What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
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UiPath Business Automation Platform
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👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
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• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
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- 1. Sociology of Machine Learning Dr. A. Prabaharan Professor & Research Director, Public Action www.indopraba.blogspot.com
- 2. Sociology of Machine Learning The sociology of machine learning is an interdisciplinary field that examines the social, cultural, economic, and political implications of the development, deployment, and use of machine learning algorithms and systems in society. It encompasses a broad range of topics, including ethics, bias and fairness, power dynamics, accountability, and the social shaping of technology www.indopraba.blogspot.com
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- 4. Power Dynamics Machine learning systems often have significant implications for power structures within society. Researchers examine how these technologies can shift power relations between individuals, institutions, and groups, and how they can be used to exert control or influence over people's lives. www.indopraba.blogspot.com
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- 8. Cultural and Social Impacts www.indopraba.blogspot.com Machine learning technologies are embedded within broader cultural and social contexts, and their adoption and use can have complex and varied impacts on different communities and social groups. Researchers explore how these technologies intersect with cultural norms, values, and practices, and how they shape social interactions, identities, and relationships.
- 9. Policy and Governance Finally, the sociology of machine learning engages with questions of policy and governance, including how to regulate the development and deployment of these technologies in ways that promote social welfare, protect human rights, and address concerns about equity and justice.
- 10. End Note Overall, the sociology of machine learning seeks to critically examine the societal implications of these powerful technologies and to inform debates about their development, use, and regulation in ways that promote social justice, equity, and human flourishing.