The document summarizes the socio-economic analysis of Delhi's odd-even traffic scheme, which aims to reduce vehicular pollution. Key points:
1) The scheme allows cars with even/odd license plate numbers to operate on even/odd dates. It led to a 4% reduction in PM2.5 but the scientific community disputes its effectiveness in reducing overall pollution.
2) It impacted productivity and businesses while increasing public transport usage and auto/CNG vehicle demand. Oil companies lost sales from reduced fuel consumption.
3) The long term impacts include a potential boost in hybrid/CNG vehicle popularity but decline due to poor CNG infrastructure. The scheme benefits some groups more than others.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or natural or built environment.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric depletion due to air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world’s worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Institute World’s Worst Polluted Places report. According to the 2014 WHO report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or natural or built environment.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric depletion due to air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world’s worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Institute World’s Worst Polluted Places report. According to the 2014 WHO report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific time frames.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fuel wastage and emission due to idling of vehicles at road traffic signalseSAT Journals
Abstract Among the different city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore is one of the biggest one. It has very heavy traffic during day time. Since numbers of vehicles are increasing day by day, which ultimately increase the length of stopping period of vehicles at most of the signals. Situation becomes worst in peak traffic hours. Resulting excess fuel consumption and pollution load to the atmosphere. For quantifying the excess fuel consumption and pollution load to the environment by motor vehicles studies was carried out at different traffic signal squares of Indore. The selected traffic signal crossings were Palasia Main, Palasia-1st signal crossing, Gurudwara signal crossing, Bangali signal crossing, Bhowarkua signal crossing, regal signal crossing, and Mhownaka signal crossing. Study reveals that about 5.9 x 105 litre per year petrol & diesel (3.6 x105 litre petrol and 2.3 x 105 litre diesels) and 1.7x105 kg per year of CNG are being wastage by Indore itself. This is resulting addition of 20.2 x 105 kg CO2 in the atmosphere. Extrapolating of these data at Madhya Pradesh state level conclude wastage of 5.6 x 106 litre per year petrol plus diesel(3.4 x 106 litre from petrol and 2.2 x 106 litre from diesel) and 1.6 x 106 kg/year CNG. This is resulting addition of about 18.7 106 kg CO2/year. This excess pollution load to the atmosphere and wastage of fuel could be minimising by rescheduling of office/ school timing. Keywords: Fuel Wastage, CO2 Emission, Traffic Signal, Vehicular Pollution.
Presentation from a webinar broadcast 26 April 2012 summarizing India’s vehicle emissions control program and comparing India's policy against global benchmarks.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI CYLINDER CRD-I ENGINE TO MEET EURO VI EMISSION NORMSIAEME Publication
Direct injection diesel engine offers the benefit of better fuel economy over gasoline engine. Diesel engine with electronic control of high press ure, multiple injections per cycle, 4valves per cylinder, turbocharged with intercooled, cooled EGR or SCR and DPF have now become the key features to meet the upcoming emissions in India. This paper describes the work done on multi-cylinder diesel engine to meet the requirements of Bharat stage 5 emissions and has the potential to meet Euro6 emission norms.
Delhi is in danger of losing the gains of its CNG programme as pollution levels are once again creeping up to pre-2000 level. A latest analysis of recent air quality data in Delhi carried out by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) finds that pollution levels are on the upswing again after a few years of control. Last winter, for the first time, pollution levels increased and this year pollution levels are already almost as high as what was in the city in pre-CNG days.
Says Sunita Narain, director, CSE: “We will have to take tough measures to control growing air pollution and fast. Otherwise, Delhi will find itself in the choked and toxic haze of the pre-CNG days, when diesel-driven buses and autos had made it one of the most polluted cities on earth.”
The PPT focuses on climate change and Energy crisis faced in the capital city of India by limiting it's research to Electric Vehicle Policies and Governmental Regulations
Can diesel help to meet both air quality and climate goals? What about rebound effect?Even in-use emissions regulation is difficult.
Do we have effective solutions?
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific time frames.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fuel wastage and emission due to idling of vehicles at road traffic signalseSAT Journals
Abstract Among the different city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore is one of the biggest one. It has very heavy traffic during day time. Since numbers of vehicles are increasing day by day, which ultimately increase the length of stopping period of vehicles at most of the signals. Situation becomes worst in peak traffic hours. Resulting excess fuel consumption and pollution load to the atmosphere. For quantifying the excess fuel consumption and pollution load to the environment by motor vehicles studies was carried out at different traffic signal squares of Indore. The selected traffic signal crossings were Palasia Main, Palasia-1st signal crossing, Gurudwara signal crossing, Bangali signal crossing, Bhowarkua signal crossing, regal signal crossing, and Mhownaka signal crossing. Study reveals that about 5.9 x 105 litre per year petrol & diesel (3.6 x105 litre petrol and 2.3 x 105 litre diesels) and 1.7x105 kg per year of CNG are being wastage by Indore itself. This is resulting addition of 20.2 x 105 kg CO2 in the atmosphere. Extrapolating of these data at Madhya Pradesh state level conclude wastage of 5.6 x 106 litre per year petrol plus diesel(3.4 x 106 litre from petrol and 2.2 x 106 litre from diesel) and 1.6 x 106 kg/year CNG. This is resulting addition of about 18.7 106 kg CO2/year. This excess pollution load to the atmosphere and wastage of fuel could be minimising by rescheduling of office/ school timing. Keywords: Fuel Wastage, CO2 Emission, Traffic Signal, Vehicular Pollution.
Presentation from a webinar broadcast 26 April 2012 summarizing India’s vehicle emissions control program and comparing India's policy against global benchmarks.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI CYLINDER CRD-I ENGINE TO MEET EURO VI EMISSION NORMSIAEME Publication
Direct injection diesel engine offers the benefit of better fuel economy over gasoline engine. Diesel engine with electronic control of high press ure, multiple injections per cycle, 4valves per cylinder, turbocharged with intercooled, cooled EGR or SCR and DPF have now become the key features to meet the upcoming emissions in India. This paper describes the work done on multi-cylinder diesel engine to meet the requirements of Bharat stage 5 emissions and has the potential to meet Euro6 emission norms.
Delhi is in danger of losing the gains of its CNG programme as pollution levels are once again creeping up to pre-2000 level. A latest analysis of recent air quality data in Delhi carried out by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) finds that pollution levels are on the upswing again after a few years of control. Last winter, for the first time, pollution levels increased and this year pollution levels are already almost as high as what was in the city in pre-CNG days.
Says Sunita Narain, director, CSE: “We will have to take tough measures to control growing air pollution and fast. Otherwise, Delhi will find itself in the choked and toxic haze of the pre-CNG days, when diesel-driven buses and autos had made it one of the most polluted cities on earth.”
The PPT focuses on climate change and Energy crisis faced in the capital city of India by limiting it's research to Electric Vehicle Policies and Governmental Regulations
Can diesel help to meet both air quality and climate goals? What about rebound effect?Even in-use emissions regulation is difficult.
Do we have effective solutions?
A study on Delhi Air pollution and its sources ie Paddy burning, vehicular pollution and dust. what are the main culprits behind terrible Delhi Air and how to Fix Delhi Air pollution issue.
Study is done by GoMassive team and used publicly available data to analyse and understand core issues behind Delhi Air pollution.
Promoting Sustainable Cities using Green TransportJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to focus on how to promote green transport in the cities so as to minimise the impact of transport on the climate change, global warming and reducing carbon footprints of the cities to make them more sustainable and livable
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G. Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of your town or city reflects behavior that is in line with the concept of sustainable development? In your opinion, what should be improved?
We have been seen or study the global warming changes rapidly by newspaper, media as well as govt. sources.
These environment changes through different modes such as volcanic eruption, landslides, nuclear war,
industries, and automotive engines exhaust etc. These are the main aspect for climate changes and inviting acid
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warming changes. The automotive engine such as I.C engine either that was diesel or petrol engine basically
these engine unburned exhaust gases should be polluted environment which was produce hydrocarbon carbon
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WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
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Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
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In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
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Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
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Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
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1. Socio Economic Analysis of
Odd-Even Scheme in Delhi
By
• Anuron
• Angshu Plavan Nath (ENE17002)
• Lakhanlal
• Chandan Kumar
• Rituraj Bora (CSM15017)
2. Introduction
• New Delhi, India’s capital, is one of the most polluted cities in the
world.
• Regularly features in the top 3 most polluted places on the world.
• On November 8, pollution surged so high that some monitoring
stations reported an Air Quality Index of 999, way above the upper
limit of the worst category, Hazardous.
3.
4. • Main causes of air pollution in Delhi
are-
Burning of crops, agricultural waste and
bio mass in nearby states.
Rapid growth in urbanization which leads
to huge amount of construction activities.
Exponential growth of vehicles in Delhi
which releases harmful gases like CO and
CO2. Currently, Delhi adds roughly 1000
new personal vehicles to its roads daily.
• Winter makes the pollution worse.
5.
6. Some of the ill effects on health caused by the air pollution in Delhi are-
• It can lead to the onset of allergies or aggravate existing allergies and decrease lung
immunity.
• It might be instrumental in causing premature birth.
• It can decrease lung function across age groups.
• It might aggravate pre-existing lung and cardiac functions along with uncontrollable or
chronic coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
7. • To fight the severe air pollution in Delhi, the government decided to
implement odd-even scheme between January 1-15 and April 15-30,
2016. The same will be implemented again between November 13-17,
2017. The highlights of odd-even scheme were- [5]
• On even dates, private cars with only even registration numbers were
allowed on roads between 8AM-8PM. The same rule applied for cars with
odd registration numbers on odd dates on odd dates.
• Apart from the VIPs, politicians, Supreme Court judges and defence
vehicles, single women drivers and women drivers with children below the
age of 12 were exempted from the Delhi odd even rule.
• Fine of rupees 2000 was imposed on anyone who broke the rule.
• Two wheelers were exempted from this scheme.
8. Major Air Pollutants
Pollutant Sources Advisable Limit
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Vehicular Emission
• Power plants and other
industries
40-80 µg/m3
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
• Power plants, industries
• Extraction of metals from ores
50-80 µg/m3
Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)
• Vehicular emissions
• Burning of coal, fossil fuels and
biomass
40-60 µg/m3
Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)
• Vehicular emissions
• Burning of coal, fossil fuels and
biomass
• Dust from construction sites,
roads
60-100 µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Vehicular Emission
• Incomplete combustion of fuel
2-4 µg/m3
9. Impact of Odd-Even Scheme on Pollution
Control
• We would look into the
variation of pollutant
concentration pre, during and
post odd even scheme.
• Variation of pollutants with
meteorological factors.
• Look at probable causes for
the changes in concentration
of pollutants.
52%
22%
19%
7%
POLLUTION CONTRIBUTORS
Dust Industries Fuel and Biomass Vehicular emissions
10. Phase I (1st Jan - 15th Jan, 2016)
Pollutant Pre odd even During Odd even
Max Min Average Max Min Average
PM2.5 224 99 161 279 200 239
PM10 363 237 300 536 228 382
NO2 68 45 56 104 30 67
SO2 17 9 13 22 5 14
CO 983 306 644.5 1554 363 958
13. • Burning of biomass in winters is
major pollution hazard.
• Aerosol over the NCR region is
reduced during odd-even scheme
hours.
14. Phase II (15th April – 30th April, 2016)
Pollutant
Pre odd even During Odd even
Max Min Average Max Min Average
PM2.5 125 54 85 190 75 123
PM10 292 198 238 490 225 330
NO2 63 39 50 93 36 62
SO2 29 9 16 39 10 34
CO 1670 474 891 2313 667 1334
O3 79 38 59 112 32 78
Benzene 10 3 6 8 1 5
15.
16. Overview
• Based on a model study by Sharma, S., Malik, J., Suresh, R. and
Ghosh, P. on Analysis of Odd-Even Scheme Phase-II, phase II of odd-
even scheme led to a reduction of 4% in 24hourly PM2.5, with 17%
decrease in vehicular numbers.
• If one looks at the hourly variations, around 8am the gap between
Delhi’s pollution and its neighboring regions begins to form and
steadily increases until mid-afternoon. Then as temperatures begin to
fall, the gap starts to close.
17. Impacts of Odd Even Scheme
• The Govt. of Delhi’s website indicates that there are 88,27,431 (88
lakhs) registered motorized vehicles plying on the roads of Delhi. It is
also officially stated that “Cars and Jeep” comprise 31.61% of the
total registered vehicles, which results in 27,90,566 vehicles.
• Scientific community denied the success of odd even
• Hon’ble Finance Minister Arun Jaitley was found quoting that ‘it
would be worth studying how the productivity of the capital has been
impacted because of the “Odd-Even” experiment’.
18. Options for the citizen:
• Car Pooling System
• Use of Public Transport
• Buy another car
• Shift to Two wheelers
• Work from Home
• Risk Takers – Some commuters are ready to take the risk of
commuting to office by their car even if it doesn’t match with the
day’s even or odd number.
19. Cost of Implementation of Odd-Even Scheme:
• Additional man power
• Volunteers: Rs 3.5 crore(5000 Volunteers, Rs 500/Day)
• Hiring Buses: A large chunk of the amount – roughly Rs 14 crore(1200
extra buses)
• Advertisement: Rs 4 crore was spent on advertising the scheme – Rs
3 crore on pre-event promotions and Rs 1 crore on thanksgiving ads.
Total Investment=20 Crores INR.
20. Economic Impacts:
1. Less loss of man-hours as travel time gets shorter thus benefitting
firms and production units economically:
21. 2. The decrease in revenues of oil companies because of lost sales in
petrol/diesel :
• Value Added Tax collection from the sale of the fuels that month was Rs
40 crore less than the average monthly collection(IOCL, BPCL and
HPCL combined).
• The Delhi Government notified an increase on VAT on petrol and diesel.
The VAT rate for petrol was revised from 25% to 27% and for diesel
from 16.6% to 18%.
Fuel March,2016 April 2016 % Change Dec. 2015 Jan. 2016 % Change
Petrol 1,16,315 1,19,593 +2.82 1,14,538 1,05,525 -7.87
Diesel 1,35,340 1,35,110 -.17 1,52,272 1,39,411 -8.45
22. • During first round 9013 and 12861 Liters of petrol and diesel were
saved. Which results in reduction of CO2 emission by 54 tonnes.
• Petrol and Diesel produce approximately 2.3 Kg CO2 and 2.6 Kg CO2
respectively per liter of fuel.
• NOx emission can be assumed as 5g/liter of diesel and 1g/liter of petrol.
So it resulted in 58 kg less NOx.
23. 3. The increase in government's revenues from use of public transportation like
Delhi metro and buses:
• The DTC’s daily trip percentage went up by 41 per cent, daily earnings
increased by Rs 6 lakh or 13.20 per cent, daily passenger count went
up from Rs 35 lakh to Rs 38 lakh, and operational efficiency increased
from 88 per cent to 95 per cent.
• 3,192 trips of metro vs 2,827 trips in last year
4. The demand for autos had gone up by about 50% as a large chunk
of private vehicles were off roads.
24. 4. Rise in demand of CNG:
• Indraprastha Gas Ltd.(Joint venture of Gail, BPCL and delhi govt.)
recorded highest CNG sale of 26.7 lakh kg a day this week after more
vehicles switched to the cleaner fuel
• The company is the sole supplier of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
and Piped Natural Gas (PNG) in the National Capital Region of Delhi.
• Indraprastha Gas (IGL) has hit a record high of Rs 901, up 3.6% on the
BSE in intra-day trade
• Thus far in 2016, the stock rallied 70% from Rs 529 at the beginning of
the calendar year 2016.
25. 5. Rise in Demand of CNG and Hybrid Vehicles
• Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, the country’s largest selling carmaker,
recorded a 30% rise in the sale of hybrid and CNG cars in the national
capital region (NCR) during the first 3 month of 2016.
• Since the last odd-even ban, when the company sold about 10,000
such cars every month, the sales of hybrid and CNG cars had gone up
to 13,000, every month.
6. The demand for autos had gone up by about 50% as a large chunk of
private vehicles were off roads. But people said it was not always easy
to get an auto as most drivers overcharge and refuse to go to certain
destinations.
26. 7. Impact of Pollution on Tourism
2260000
2280000
2300000
2320000
2340000
2360000
2380000
2013 2014 2015
No. of Foreigners visited Delhi
No. of Foreigners visited Delhi
The data in the above table is taken annualy. And the pollution in Delhi
remains at its peak during Nov, Dec. and January. Associated Chambers of
Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) report suggests that the
crisis period in the national capital will deter tourists from making new
travel plans in India.
27. Social Impacts:
1. Clear losers from this policy are middle class men, especially sales
reps and others in service sectors whose work requires everyday drive
on different routes. The clear winners are middle class women with a
car and well-off families with two cars (one odd and one even No.
plate), as both groups save lots of time by commuting unrestricted in
lighter traffic.
2. It made many people to relocate out of Delhi to Gurgaon or Noida as
per their work location.Now, with people moving out, it has some
impact on economy also.
28. 3. Important groups which are affected from this policy were not
mentioned at all, for example, how many men were sales reps and/or
provide services (especially deliveries) at client’s premises, thus had
to be on the road every day, but were restricted?
4. Ola, Uber and Meru launched carpool, share and shuttle options in
their app.
5. Self drive car company Zoomcar introduced Zoom Commute for
weekday commute options and launched doorstep delivery of cars in
Delhi.
29. 6. Fall in popularity of CNG because of poor
CNG infra in Delhi:
• Poor CNG infra resulted in long queue and had negative impact on the
mind set of the people.
• IGL is the only CNG supplier in Delhi and has monopoly on the
market. On one side the customer were forced to opt CNG vehicles
because of economic gain as well as other benefits but the CNG
infrastructure of delhi was not sufficient to address this rapid rise in
demand.
• In December 2015 the no. of CNG refilling stations were 280. Even
supreme court passed an order to open 104 new refill stations
immediately.
30. 7. The poor CNG infrastructure in near by states of Delhi limits the
growing popularity of CNG vehicles.With a CNG vehicle you can not
travel long distances because of unavailability of CNG.
9. Paucity of trained mechanics for CNG kits have made repairs
expensive.
31. SOME EXTRA RULES IMPLIMENTED
Trucks will not be allowed to run across Delhi until 11pm.
All vehicles will have to follow the standards of Euro VI 2017.
The Delhi government has also decided to shut down the Badarpur power
plant in southern Delhi, which is one of the coal-based plants of the NTPC
32. WAS THE SCHEME SUCCESSFUL ??
• Air-pollution levels in Delhi rose 15 percent during the 15-day period (January 1 to 15, 2016) of
the state government’s odd-even measure over the previous 15 days (December 17 to 31,
2015) according to an analysis of PM (particulate matter) 2.5 data,
• As IndiaSpend reported, and, with four-wheeled vehicles accounting for no more than 10% of
the city’s overall vehicular pollution load.
33. Data for 7 Jan, 2016 is taken from 12 AM to 6 PM, data for 8 Jan, 2016 is from 12
PM to 11:59 PM, for 31 Dec, 2015 and 15 Jan, 2016 the data is from 12 AM to 4.30
PM.
Average PM 2.5 concentration in Delhi’s air was 309 micrograms per cubic meter
(µg/m³) during the period when the odd-even experiment was in force (January 1 to
15, 2016), according to the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Bureau (CPCB).
PM 2.5 levels dropped 37 percent from week 3 (January 2016) to week 4
(January 2016), based on a weekly analysis of PM 2.5 concentration data .The
odd-even scheme was active during this period.
34. Average PM 2.5 Concentration For Each Week From Dec 18, 2015
to Jan 14, 2016
35. On average, daily PM 2.5 concentration levels have been above 250
µg/m³ on 11 out of 15 days during which the odd-even rule was
enforced
36. REASEARCH ANALYSIS
Two wheelers account for 33 percent of all PM10 and PM 2.5 emissions by
vehicles.
Trucks emit 46 percent of all PM10 and PM 2.5, among vehicles.
Four-wheelers contribute to 10 percent of all PM 10 and PM 2.5 emissions by
vehicles
37. Conclusion
• By saving man hours due to congestion free drives has positive impact
on economy of the state.
• The state has to bear the loss of 60 crores INR(40 crore as VAT loss+20
crore to implement odd even) .
• IGL benefitted from Odd even due to monopoly on the market.
• Hybrid car emerges as an alternative to conventional cars.