1. Understanding Culture
and Society

2. Society
and
Culture

3. • Society is a group of individuals sharing a
common culture, geographical location, and
government.
Society

4. Elements of a society
a) Social Solidarity whereby members of the
community live together for mutual benefits
b) Shared Identity and culture among members
that serve as basis for their patterns
c) common language
d) a large population and the ability to
sustain succeeding generations of members
e) definite geographical area
f) political, economic, and social organization.

5. Hunting and gathering
Hunting and gathering
communities date as far back as
sveral million years ago and were
considered the first societies Horticultural and
pastoral society
Horticultural societies reloed on
the cultivation of plants as their
primary source of food , while
pastoral depended on the
domestication of animals
5 Major types of Society

6. Agricultural societies
Food production became more
efficient due to new methods of
farming, the invention of more
advance tools and the establishment
of permanent settlements. Industrial Societies
The rise of urban centers or
cities was also a major
development during this
period.
5 Major types of Society

7. 5 Major types of Society
Post-industrial Societies
Where knowledge is a
commodity and technological
innovation is key to long-lasting
growth and development.

8. Culture
• Culture is one of the important bases that define and
influence a society.
• Culture refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values,
practice, knowledge, history and share experiences,
attitudes, as well as material objects and possessions
accumulated over times and shared by the members of
the society.

9. Primary Categories of Culture
Material culture is composed of the physical or tangible
objects produced, shared, and utilized within society such
as tools or implements, paintings and other works of art,
architectural styles, weaponry and toys.
Nonmaterial culture, meanwhile, consists of the
intangible properties and elements of society that
influence the patterbs of action and behavior of its
members.
1.
2.

10. Folklore
• The community stories and other types of
narratives shared within societies are
collectively called folklore.
• Folklore, which comes in the form of myths,
legends, ideas, values and practices that
define a society.

11. Symbols
• Symbols refers to things that convey
meaning or represent an idea.
• They are essential in communication,
shaping thoughts and ideas, and defining a
society"s culture.

12. Language
• A set of symbols that enables members
of society to communicate verbally
(spoken) and nonverbally (written,
gestures).

13. Values
• It is the shared ideas, norms, and
principles that provide members of
society the standards that pertain to
what is right or wrong.

14. Norms
• Norms are shared rules of conduct that
determine specific behavior among
society members.

15. Categories of Norms according to their
social importance:
Folkways are norms that may be
violated without serious
consequences.
1.
Mores are norms with moral
connotations.
2.
Laws are norms that are legally
enacted and enforced.
3.

16. Socialization
• refers to the lifelong process of forging
identity through social interaction.
Enculturation
• refers to the process by which an individual
gradually learns or acquire the important
aspects of his or her society's culture.

17. • refers to particular circumstances of a
certain culture and is defined by
location, weather, time period, and
other factors.
Context

18. Society and Culture
according to the
three disciples

19. • it studies the different cultures of different
societies.
• it examines andprovides explantion for the
existence of different cultural patterns as
well as the similarities and differences
between different cultures.
Anthropology

20. Relativistic approach
• Relativistic approach considers cultures
as equal.
Ethnocentric approach
• Ethnocentric approach is belief that one's
native is superior to other cultures
Two major viems with regard to how cultures
should be considered in comparison to others.

21. Ethnocentrism
• Ethnocentrism diminishes or invalidates
"other" ways of life and creates a distorted
views of one's own.
Xenocentrism
• Societies that have the tendency to
consider their culture as inferior to others.

22. • it recognizes and accepts the cultural
differences between societies.
• it believes that every aspects of a culture can
be understood whithin the context in which
the culture has been formed.
Cultural relativism

23. Relates culture with the overall
context of social order.
Sociology

24. Structural functionalism
• operates on the assumption that society is a stable and
orderly system.
• consider culture as a glue that binds society together.
Conflict theory
• assumes that there is constant power struggle among the
various social groups and institutions within society.
• Conflict theorist study the culture of "dominant classes"
and analuze how this culture is imposed on other classes.
Different socioligical perspective

25. • views individual and group behavior and social
interactions as defining features of society.
• social interactinist believe that culture provides
shared meanings to the member of society.
Symbolic interactionism
Different socioligical perspective

26. it examines culture as a vital aspect of
society.
Political Science

27. • it implies that all aspects of a particular culture
should be accepted and even celebrated.
• it advances awareness and acceptance of
cultural difference but encourages a critical
stance in dealing with issues regarding
diversity.
Cultural Sensitivity