Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinica.docxnormanibarber20063
Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinical Psychology
Chapter Objective
· To highlight and outline how contemporary clinical psychology integrates the major theoretical models using a biopsychosocial approach.
Chapter Outline
· The Call to Integration
· Biopsychosocial Integration
· Synthesizing Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in Contemporary Integration
· Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, PhD
· Application of the Biopsychosocial Perspective to Contemporary Clinical Psychology Problems
· Conclusion
Having now reviewed the four major theoretical and historical models in psychology in Chapter 5, this chapter illustrates how integration is achieved in the actual science and practice of clinical psychology. In addition to psychological perspectives per se, a full integration of human functioning demands a synthesis of psychological factors with both biological and social elements. This combination of biological, psychological, and social factors comprises an example of contemporary integration in the form of the biopsychosocial perspective. This chapter describes the evolution of individual psychological perspectives into a more comprehensive biopsychosocial synthesis, perhaps first touched upon 2,500 years ago by the Greeks.
The Call to Integration
While there are over 400 different types of approaches to psychotherapy and other professional services offered by clinical psychologists (Karasu, 1986), the major schools of thought reviewed and illustrated in Chapter 5 have emerged during the past century as the primary perspectives in clinical psychology. As mentioned, these include the psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems approaches. Prior to the 1980s, most psychologists tended to adhere to one of these theoretical approaches in their research, psychotherapy, assessment, and consultation. Numerous institutes, centers, and professional journals were (and still are) devoted to the advancement, research, and practice of individual perspectives (e.g., Behavior Therapy and International Journal of Psychoanalysis). Professionals typically affiliate themselves with one perspective and the professional journals and organizations represented by that perspective (e.g., Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies), and have little interaction or experience with the other perspectives or organizations. Opinions are often dogmatic and other perspectives and organizations viewed with skepticism or even disdain. Surprisingly, psychologists with research and science training sometimes choose not to use their objective and critical thinking skills when discussing the merits and limitations of theoretical frameworks different from their own. Choice of theoretical orientation is typically a by-product of graduate and postgraduate training, the personality of the professional, and the general worldview held of human nature. Even geographical regions.
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe the common qualitative research approaches
Demonstrate how and when to conduct different types of qualitative research
Understand that focus group discussion and interview are not qualitative research methods or designs. They are just tools for data collection.
Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinica.docxnormanibarber20063
Integrative and Biopsychosocial Approaches in Contemporary Clinical Psychology
Chapter Objective
· To highlight and outline how contemporary clinical psychology integrates the major theoretical models using a biopsychosocial approach.
Chapter Outline
· The Call to Integration
· Biopsychosocial Integration
· Synthesizing Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors in Contemporary Integration
· Highlight of a Contemporary Clinical Psychologist: Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, PhD
· Application of the Biopsychosocial Perspective to Contemporary Clinical Psychology Problems
· Conclusion
Having now reviewed the four major theoretical and historical models in psychology in Chapter 5, this chapter illustrates how integration is achieved in the actual science and practice of clinical psychology. In addition to psychological perspectives per se, a full integration of human functioning demands a synthesis of psychological factors with both biological and social elements. This combination of biological, psychological, and social factors comprises an example of contemporary integration in the form of the biopsychosocial perspective. This chapter describes the evolution of individual psychological perspectives into a more comprehensive biopsychosocial synthesis, perhaps first touched upon 2,500 years ago by the Greeks.
The Call to Integration
While there are over 400 different types of approaches to psychotherapy and other professional services offered by clinical psychologists (Karasu, 1986), the major schools of thought reviewed and illustrated in Chapter 5 have emerged during the past century as the primary perspectives in clinical psychology. As mentioned, these include the psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems approaches. Prior to the 1980s, most psychologists tended to adhere to one of these theoretical approaches in their research, psychotherapy, assessment, and consultation. Numerous institutes, centers, and professional journals were (and still are) devoted to the advancement, research, and practice of individual perspectives (e.g., Behavior Therapy and International Journal of Psychoanalysis). Professionals typically affiliate themselves with one perspective and the professional journals and organizations represented by that perspective (e.g., Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies), and have little interaction or experience with the other perspectives or organizations. Opinions are often dogmatic and other perspectives and organizations viewed with skepticism or even disdain. Surprisingly, psychologists with research and science training sometimes choose not to use their objective and critical thinking skills when discussing the merits and limitations of theoretical frameworks different from their own. Choice of theoretical orientation is typically a by-product of graduate and postgraduate training, the personality of the professional, and the general worldview held of human nature. Even geographical regions.
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe the common qualitative research approaches
Demonstrate how and when to conduct different types of qualitative research
Understand that focus group discussion and interview are not qualitative research methods or designs. They are just tools for data collection.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
Environmental Correlates to Behavioral Health Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Special Care Units
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
online class ·Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Considerations.docxjohnbbruce72945
online class
·
Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Considerations
Ethical Considerations in Research
Transcript
Key Events in Ethical Research
Transcript
Readings
Use your
Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods
text to read the following:
Chapter 17, "Ethical Considerations in the Practice of Research," pages 249–261.
Chapter 18, "Multicultural Issues in Research," pages 262–273.
Internet article
Use the Internet to complete the following article:
Read the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research's "
The Belmont Report
."
Assignment
Application: Ethical and Cultural Considerations
After completing the study activities in this unit, discuss how you will apply two ethical principles and two cultural considerations to your pre-proposal assignment. The suggested length of this post is 300–400. This post needs to be supported with at least two references.
Response Guidelines
Respond to the posts of two peers, extending the discussion. Consider sharing a professional experience with using codes of ethics or describing a cultural consideration about which you still have questions. Each peer response needs to be supported with one reference
1
st
Peer Post
Sheperis, Young and Daniels (2010) explain how if a counselor and/or researcher does not engage in ethical research practices, then harm could come to the participants. This application of ethics extends not only to the data collecting portion of the research, but also the design of the study as well as the publication of the results (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). One ethical principle that will play a role in my pre-proposal is obtaining the signed informed consent from all participants. Since my research will be working with individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia it will be important to make sure that the participants understand the informed consent and are competent to sign (ACA, 2014). The family members of the individual with schizophrenia should also confirm that they understand the informed consent and are competent to sign. No one will be allowed to participant if there is not consent, and understanding of the consent. Another ethical principle that will apply to my pre-proposal is ensuring the autonomy and safety of the participants (ACA, 2014). It is the responsibility of the researchers to ensure that all participants are treated fairly and given a chance to voice their thoughts, opinions, and concerns. If any participant has diminished capacity the researchers must protect those individuals from potential harm (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010).
A cultural consideration for my pre-proposal falls within working with a group of participants that have a mental illness. It is imperative to ensure that the individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia do not feel stereotyped or minimized in any way. In the publication of the results it is also important that the.
2.1 Approaches to Sociological ResearchDerived from Approaches t.docxvickeryr87
2.1 Approaches to Sociological Research
Derived from Approaches to Sociological Research by OpenStax
Get This Book!
Page by: OpenStax
Summary
· Define and describe the scientific method
· Explain how the scientific method is used in sociological research
· Understand the function and importance of an interpretive framework
· Define what reliability and validity mean in a research study
When sociologists apply the sociological perspective and begin to ask questions, no topic is off limits. Every aspect of human behavior is a source of possible investigation. Sociologists question the world that humans have created and live in. They notice patterns of behavior as people move through that world. Using sociological methods and systematic research within the framework of the scientific method and a scholarly interpretive perspective, sociologists have discovered workplace patterns that have transformed industries, family patterns that have enlightened family members, and education patterns that have aided structural changes in classrooms.
The crime during a full moon discussion put forth a few loosely stated opinions. If the human behaviors around those claims were tested systematically, a police officer, for example, could write a report and offer the findings to sociologists and the world in general. The new perspective could help people understand themselves and their neighbors and help people make better decisions about their lives. It might seem strange to use scientific practices to study social trends, but, as we shall see, it’s extremely helpful to rely on systematic approaches that research methods provide.
Sociologists often begin the research process by asking a question about how or why things happen in this world. It might be a unique question about a new trend or an old question about a common aspect of life. Once the sociologist forms the question, he or she proceeds through an in-depth process to answer it. In deciding how to design that process, the researcher may adopt a scientific approach or an interpretive framework. The following sections describe these approaches to knowledge.
The Scientific Method
Sociologists make use of tried and true methods of research, such as experiments, surveys, and field research. But humans and their social interactions are so diverse that these interactions can seem impossible to chart or explain. It might seem that science is about discoveries and chemical reactions or about proving ideas right or wrong rather than about exploring the nuances of human behavior.
However, this is exactly why scientific models work for studying human behavior. A scientific process of research establishes parameters that help make sure results are objective and accurate. Scientific methods provide limitations and boundaries that focus a study and organize its results.
The scientific method involves developing and testing theories about the world based on empirical evidence. It is defined by its commitment to system.
Southampton Business School Postgraduate Module Grade Descrip.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Southampton Business School: Postgraduate Module Grade Descriptor
Postgraduate Grade Descriptor for MANG6331 Text Mining and Social Network Analytics
Percentage 0 - 34 35 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 - 79 80 - 100
Degree Class Fail Compensatable
fail*
Pass Merit Distinction Distinction
Collecting
unstructured data and
conducting
exploratory analysis
Collecting raw tweets of
two different airlines and
conducting exploratory
data analysis
Weighting 20%
No/inadequate
evidence of
collecting and pre-
processing the raw
data.
No/inadequate
evidence of any
data analysis.
Evidence of basic
but inadequate
approaches to
collect and/or pre-
process the raw
data.
Mostly descriptive,
with minimal data
analysis. Argument
is basic and poorly
constructed.
Collecting and/or
pre-processing the
raw data is evident
but with some
confusion.
Data analysis is
reasonable.
Argument is
appropriate but
with some
confusion.
Clear evidence of
data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis with
minimal
omissions/errors.
Clear and effective
analysis. Argument
is structured and is
legitimate.
Data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis are
appropriate and
precise.
Comprehensive
and precise
analysis. Well-
structured
argument that
provides very good
clarity.
Appropriately use
of other sources of
information to
support arguments.
Data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis are
appropriate and
precise.
Excellent analysis,
precise and
concise.
Exceptionally well-
structured
argument that
provides excellent
clarity.
Outstanding use of
other sources of
information to
support arguments.
Gaining customer
insights: traditional
versus social media
Evaluate the pros and
cons of replacing
customer satisfaction
survey by mining twitter
data
Weighting 20%
Not included. Limited and patchy
evidence of
knowledge and
understanding of
the pros and cons.
Limited evidence of
reading.
Lacks focus and
direction with
limited coherent
argument.
Sufficient but
inconsistent
evidence of
knowledge and
understanding of
the pros and cons.
Evidence of some
use of academic/
business literature.
Argument is basic
and poorly
constructed.
Good knowledge
and understanding
of the pros and
cons.
Good use of
academic/
business literature
to support
arguments.
Clear and effective
argument.
A comprehensive
and thorough
awareness of the
pros and cons.
Evidence of
comprehensive
reading.
Well-structured
argument that
provides very good
clarity.
A comprehensive
and thorough
awareness of the
pros and cons.
Excellent coverage
of relevant
literature.
Exceptionally well-
structured
argument that
provides excellent
clarity.
*Compensatable fail is only possible for compulsory or optional modules, subject to University of Southampton Progression Regulation.
Southwestern Business Administration JournalVolume 16 Is.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Southwestern Business Administration Journal
Volume 16 | Issue 1 Article 1
2017
Leveraging Decision Making in Cyber Security
Analysis through Data Cleaning
Chen Zhong
Hong Liu
Awny Alnusair
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj
Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, E-Commerce
Commons, Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, Management Information
Systems Commons, Marketing Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, and the
Real Estate Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. It has been accepted for inclusion in
Southwestern Business Administration Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. For more information,
please contact [email protected]
Recommended Citation
Zhong, Chen; Liu, Hong; and Alnusair, Awny (2017) "Leveraging Decision Making in Cyber Security Analysis through Data
Cleaning," Southwestern Business Administration Journal: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 1.
Available at: https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1/1
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1/1?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/623?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/624?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/624?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/630?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/636?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/636?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/638?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
ht.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
Environmental Correlates to Behavioral Health Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Special Care Units
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
online class ·Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Considerations.docxjohnbbruce72945
online class
·
Ethical, Legal, and Cultural Considerations
Ethical Considerations in Research
Transcript
Key Events in Ethical Research
Transcript
Readings
Use your
Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods
text to read the following:
Chapter 17, "Ethical Considerations in the Practice of Research," pages 249–261.
Chapter 18, "Multicultural Issues in Research," pages 262–273.
Internet article
Use the Internet to complete the following article:
Read the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research's "
The Belmont Report
."
Assignment
Application: Ethical and Cultural Considerations
After completing the study activities in this unit, discuss how you will apply two ethical principles and two cultural considerations to your pre-proposal assignment. The suggested length of this post is 300–400. This post needs to be supported with at least two references.
Response Guidelines
Respond to the posts of two peers, extending the discussion. Consider sharing a professional experience with using codes of ethics or describing a cultural consideration about which you still have questions. Each peer response needs to be supported with one reference
1
st
Peer Post
Sheperis, Young and Daniels (2010) explain how if a counselor and/or researcher does not engage in ethical research practices, then harm could come to the participants. This application of ethics extends not only to the data collecting portion of the research, but also the design of the study as well as the publication of the results (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). One ethical principle that will play a role in my pre-proposal is obtaining the signed informed consent from all participants. Since my research will be working with individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia it will be important to make sure that the participants understand the informed consent and are competent to sign (ACA, 2014). The family members of the individual with schizophrenia should also confirm that they understand the informed consent and are competent to sign. No one will be allowed to participant if there is not consent, and understanding of the consent. Another ethical principle that will apply to my pre-proposal is ensuring the autonomy and safety of the participants (ACA, 2014). It is the responsibility of the researchers to ensure that all participants are treated fairly and given a chance to voice their thoughts, opinions, and concerns. If any participant has diminished capacity the researchers must protect those individuals from potential harm (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010).
A cultural consideration for my pre-proposal falls within working with a group of participants that have a mental illness. It is imperative to ensure that the individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia do not feel stereotyped or minimized in any way. In the publication of the results it is also important that the.
2.1 Approaches to Sociological ResearchDerived from Approaches t.docxvickeryr87
2.1 Approaches to Sociological Research
Derived from Approaches to Sociological Research by OpenStax
Get This Book!
Page by: OpenStax
Summary
· Define and describe the scientific method
· Explain how the scientific method is used in sociological research
· Understand the function and importance of an interpretive framework
· Define what reliability and validity mean in a research study
When sociologists apply the sociological perspective and begin to ask questions, no topic is off limits. Every aspect of human behavior is a source of possible investigation. Sociologists question the world that humans have created and live in. They notice patterns of behavior as people move through that world. Using sociological methods and systematic research within the framework of the scientific method and a scholarly interpretive perspective, sociologists have discovered workplace patterns that have transformed industries, family patterns that have enlightened family members, and education patterns that have aided structural changes in classrooms.
The crime during a full moon discussion put forth a few loosely stated opinions. If the human behaviors around those claims were tested systematically, a police officer, for example, could write a report and offer the findings to sociologists and the world in general. The new perspective could help people understand themselves and their neighbors and help people make better decisions about their lives. It might seem strange to use scientific practices to study social trends, but, as we shall see, it’s extremely helpful to rely on systematic approaches that research methods provide.
Sociologists often begin the research process by asking a question about how or why things happen in this world. It might be a unique question about a new trend or an old question about a common aspect of life. Once the sociologist forms the question, he or she proceeds through an in-depth process to answer it. In deciding how to design that process, the researcher may adopt a scientific approach or an interpretive framework. The following sections describe these approaches to knowledge.
The Scientific Method
Sociologists make use of tried and true methods of research, such as experiments, surveys, and field research. But humans and their social interactions are so diverse that these interactions can seem impossible to chart or explain. It might seem that science is about discoveries and chemical reactions or about proving ideas right or wrong rather than about exploring the nuances of human behavior.
However, this is exactly why scientific models work for studying human behavior. A scientific process of research establishes parameters that help make sure results are objective and accurate. Scientific methods provide limitations and boundaries that focus a study and organize its results.
The scientific method involves developing and testing theories about the world based on empirical evidence. It is defined by its commitment to system.
Southampton Business School Postgraduate Module Grade Descrip.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Southampton Business School: Postgraduate Module Grade Descriptor
Postgraduate Grade Descriptor for MANG6331 Text Mining and Social Network Analytics
Percentage 0 - 34 35 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 - 79 80 - 100
Degree Class Fail Compensatable
fail*
Pass Merit Distinction Distinction
Collecting
unstructured data and
conducting
exploratory analysis
Collecting raw tweets of
two different airlines and
conducting exploratory
data analysis
Weighting 20%
No/inadequate
evidence of
collecting and pre-
processing the raw
data.
No/inadequate
evidence of any
data analysis.
Evidence of basic
but inadequate
approaches to
collect and/or pre-
process the raw
data.
Mostly descriptive,
with minimal data
analysis. Argument
is basic and poorly
constructed.
Collecting and/or
pre-processing the
raw data is evident
but with some
confusion.
Data analysis is
reasonable.
Argument is
appropriate but
with some
confusion.
Clear evidence of
data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis with
minimal
omissions/errors.
Clear and effective
analysis. Argument
is structured and is
legitimate.
Data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis are
appropriate and
precise.
Comprehensive
and precise
analysis. Well-
structured
argument that
provides very good
clarity.
Appropriately use
of other sources of
information to
support arguments.
Data pre-
processing and
exploratory data
analysis are
appropriate and
precise.
Excellent analysis,
precise and
concise.
Exceptionally well-
structured
argument that
provides excellent
clarity.
Outstanding use of
other sources of
information to
support arguments.
Gaining customer
insights: traditional
versus social media
Evaluate the pros and
cons of replacing
customer satisfaction
survey by mining twitter
data
Weighting 20%
Not included. Limited and patchy
evidence of
knowledge and
understanding of
the pros and cons.
Limited evidence of
reading.
Lacks focus and
direction with
limited coherent
argument.
Sufficient but
inconsistent
evidence of
knowledge and
understanding of
the pros and cons.
Evidence of some
use of academic/
business literature.
Argument is basic
and poorly
constructed.
Good knowledge
and understanding
of the pros and
cons.
Good use of
academic/
business literature
to support
arguments.
Clear and effective
argument.
A comprehensive
and thorough
awareness of the
pros and cons.
Evidence of
comprehensive
reading.
Well-structured
argument that
provides very good
clarity.
A comprehensive
and thorough
awareness of the
pros and cons.
Excellent coverage
of relevant
literature.
Exceptionally well-
structured
argument that
provides excellent
clarity.
*Compensatable fail is only possible for compulsory or optional modules, subject to University of Southampton Progression Regulation.
Southwestern Business Administration JournalVolume 16 Is.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Southwestern Business Administration Journal
Volume 16 | Issue 1 Article 1
2017
Leveraging Decision Making in Cyber Security
Analysis through Data Cleaning
Chen Zhong
Hong Liu
Awny Alnusair
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj
Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, E-Commerce
Commons, Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, Management Information
Systems Commons, Marketing Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, and the
Real Estate Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. It has been accepted for inclusion in
Southwestern Business Administration Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. For more information,
please contact [email protected]
Recommended Citation
Zhong, Chen; Liu, Hong; and Alnusair, Awny (2017) "Leveraging Decision Making in Cyber Security Analysis through Data
Cleaning," Southwestern Business Administration Journal: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 1.
Available at: https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1/1
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj/vol16/iss1/1?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
https://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/sbaj?utm_source=digitalscholarship.tsu.edu%2Fsbaj%2Fvol16%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
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ht.
Spadoni • revised Jan. 2020 —continued— Checklist for .docxrosemariebrayshaw
Spadoni • revised Jan. 2020
—continued—
Checklist for Essay Writers
PART 1. FORMATTING
Follow these steps now to save yourself headaches later and avoid losing credit
Title a word processor file “film-template” or something. Follow the instructions in this Formatting section. For an
essay title, type “[essay title]”. For paragraph text, type a sentence and copy and paste it repeatedly until you have a
paragraph. Do the same to make another paragraph, and another, until you’re onto your second page. Do this to
make sure MS Word isn’t adding extra space between paragraphs (see below) and that you have no first page header
and the correct second page header (see below). When it’s time to write your essay, open this template file and save
it to a new name. Keep the template file for your next essay (and any future course you take with me).
Some formatting instructions below are to ensure students are meeting the same length requirement and that no
formatting deviations are disguising this fact. If I ask you to email me the word-processor copy of your essay and it
shows deviations, you will lose more credit than if you had just handed in a paper under the page minimum. If you
email me a file that is not identical to the essay you handed in, you will lose even more credit.
1. Format the top of your essay like this. To get the above-and-below spacing for your title as below, enter a hard return above and
below your title, then (in your double-spaced document) make these above-and-below lines single space.
Angelo Marconi
Engl 367—Intro to Film
Prof. Spadoni
May 24, 2020
[Center essay title; 12 pt font; no boldface, underlining, or brackets]
Essay text starts here. Make sure no more space precedes and
follows your essay title than you see above. ....
2. Last name and page number in the top-right corner of the second and subsequent pages (not the first page). Don’t hand write this
information on the tops of your pages.
Marconi 6
3. Black ink. Standard white paper. Single sided.
4. Times, Times Roman, or Times New Roman typeface (not Cambria), 12 point—including essay title. Don’t change typeface or
font size to increase page length.
5. Double space your work. Don’t alter line spacing to increase page length.
6. Standard margins (1 inch top and bottom, 1 or 1.25 inch left and right). Don’t adjust margins to increase page length.
7. One space (not two) between sentences.
8. No extra space between paragraphs. MS Word likes to insert extra space. Don’t leave figuring out how to tell it not to for the last
minute.
9. Italicize film titles—and at the first mention, follow title with the director and year in parentheses, like this: In an early scene in
Jaws (Steven Spielberg, 1975), a character tries to… Italicize book titles; essay titles are not italicized and go in double quotes.
10. Staple pages, top-left corner. Unstapled.
SPAN100Course SummaryCourse SPAN100 Title Spanish I.docxrosemariebrayshaw
SPAN100
Course Summary
Course : SPAN100 Title : Spanish I
Length of Course : 8 Faculty : Dallas Jurisevic
Prerequisites : N/A Credit Hours : 3
Description
Course Description:
This course will expose the student to the fundamentals of the Spanish language. The student will learn basic
vocabulary, verb conjugations and grammatical usage through workbook and listening exercises. The student
will also learn about the Spanish culture through reading and listening exercises. Please note the technical
specifications below. These are required to interface with the online version of Rosetta Stone. If you cannot meet
these requirements we strongly recommend you do not take this course. Please contact
[email protected] if you are unsure or have any questions. * The ability to download and install the
speech component. * A working microphone installed on the computer for speech recognition. * Access to
streaming media is also required and should be confirmed before registering for the class.
Course Scope:
Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (1999) “Language and communication are at the
heart of the human experience. The United States must educate students who are linguistically and culturally
equipped to communicate successfully in a pluralistic American society and abroad. This imperative envisions a
future in which ALL students will develop and maintain proficiency in English and at least one other language…”
Our major focus is on learning to communicate appropriately in practical, culturally authentic contexts. Students
are asked, to a limited extent, to use their Spanish to engage in simple dialog and talk about themselves and
create with the language in practical ways. Students also correct peer work and in doing so, students solve
problems (and thus engage in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation).
In these courses, students gradually add to their vocabulary and communication skills, practice question- and-
answer techniques, and apply what they learn in order to communicate and solve problems in practical
situations.
Objectives
Students who successfully complete Spanish 100 should be able to:
► Listening Skills
1. Distinguish all the sounds of Spanish important to meaning.
2. Comprehend brief sentences expressed within the framework of high- frequency vocabulary, grammatical
forms, and sentence structures.
3. Determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases though logical guessing based on contextual clues.
► Speaking Skills
1. Produce all the sounds of Spanish and link sounds together in sentences with sufficient accuracy to
communicate with Spanish speakers.
2. Use high- frequency vocabulary, grammatical forms, and sentence structures to converse in brief sentences in
everyday situations (such as greetings, asking for directions, answering short questions, expressing basic
needs and reactions, exchanging information, or persuading others)
► Reading Skills
1. Comprehend non- technical, narrative Spanish.
.
Sources and Resources for RC004Informed Advocacy in Early .docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources and Resources for RC004
Informed Advocacy in Early Childhood Care and Education: Making a Difference for Young Children and Families, pp. 107-111
https://tempolearning.brightspace.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=6738&type=lti&rcode=walden-628&srcou=6738
WEBSITE: KIDS COUNT DATA CENTER
http://datacenter.kidscount.org/topics
KIDS COUNT Data Center
Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2014). KIDS COUNT data center: Data topics. Retrieved from http://datacenter.kidscount.org/topics
WEBSITE: NATIONAL AND STATE FACTS
http://www.cwla.org/our-work/advocacy/
WEBSITE: U.S. CHILD STATE DATA
http://www.cwla.org/our-work/advocacy/
WEBSITE: DATA TOOLS
http://www.nccp.org/tools/
Consider how this information will be beneficial within the context of Part 1 of your Work Product.
WEBSITE: ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDHOOD EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL
http://www.acei.org/
WEBSITE: DIVISION FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD
http://www.dec-sped.org/
WEBSITE: INTERNATIONAL READING ASSOCIATION
http://www.reading.org/
WEBSITE: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN
http://www.naeyc.org/
WEBSITE: NATIONAL BLACK CHILD DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
http://www.nbcdi.org/
BOOK EXCERPT: DEVELOPING INITIATIVES
https://tempolearning.brightspace.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=6738&type=lti&rcode=walden-640&srcou=6738
The following links lead to early childhood advocacy initiatives that focus on social change on behalf of children, families, and the early childhood field.
WEBSITE: WORLDWIDE TEACHER SHORTAGE: REGIONAL AND GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS
http://www.businessinsider.com/theres-a-massive-global-teacher-shortage-2016-10
WEBSITE: LEGISLATIVE HOT TOPICS
https://www.literacyworldwide.org/
WEBSITE: TAKEN ACTION NOW
http://www.naeyc.org/policy/action
WEBSITE: WHAT WE DO: POLICY
http://www.nbcdi.org/what-we-do/policy
BOOK EXCERPT: COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING
As you read this information and the Guided Notes , consider how these apply to Part 2 and Part 3 of your Work Product.
https://tempolearning.brightspace.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=6738&type=lti&rcode=walden-647&srcou=6738
https://tempolearning.brightspace.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=6738&type=lti&rcode=walden-747&srcou=6738
https://tempolearning.brightspace.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=6738&type=lti&rcode=walden-2320&srcou=6738
This information is beneficial in the context of Part 2 and Part 3 of your Work Product.
ARTICLE: HOW TO BE A VOICE FOR BABIES: USING DATA TO ADVOCATE EFFECTIVELY
https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/496-how-to-use-data-to-advocate-effectively
ARTICLE: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ABOUT THE EARLY YEARS: UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF FRAMING
https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/482-understand-the-basics-of-framing-to-communicate-effectively
ARTICLE: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ABOUT THE EARLY YEARS: THE ELEMENTS OF THE FRAME: PART ONE
https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/483-the-elements.
Sources of General Information about the Topic A paragr.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources of General Information about the Topic
A paragraph that explains that the follow-
ing sources provide more in depth information about
the topic.
Smith, John. “An Understanding of Animal Experimen-
tation.” The Journal of Animal Husbandry, vol33,
no 2 Jan 2010 pp.70-91. JSTOR,
ww.libray.dcccd.edu. Accessed 10-30-19.
This paragraph will include indicative information
about the source. Other info the reader needs about
the source.
This paragraph will include info about the value
of the source. Other info needed by the reader .
This can/will be multiple pages. The annotation
is to include indicative and evaluative information—a
combined annotation. For this and the following sec-
tions needed will be five(5) sources and associated
annotations for each. The sources are to be in stand-
ard MLA alphabetic order.
An Annotated Bibliography
Of
Topic
First Paragraph will include what the
topic is in language that shows a complete un-
derstanding of the issue.
The second paragraph will include
statements about why this is a topic of concern.
It may also include some background and defini-
tions. Here will also be general information
about the topic (GEN)
The third paragraph will include
some possible reasons why there are views in
favor of the topic( PROs).
The fourth paragraph will include
some possible reasons why the topic has detrac-
tors (CONs).
Sources of Information in Favor of the Topic
This paragraph will explain what some
of the positions in favor of the topic are. It will
provide more detail and depth about the PRO
side of the issue.
Jones, Mary. “Using Animals for Good.” Animals
in Experiments, Society for Ethics in the
Animal World. www.anieths.org. Accessed
10-30-19.
This paragraph provides the indicative
use of the info. It may include the breadth of the
subject covered, the typical use, etc.
This paragraph will discuss the relative
merits of the article. Who can use it, whether it is
complex or simple, is it a good source or is it
somehow lacking.
See above for more details on criteria
for the annotations and bibliography.
Sources of Information Opposed to the Topic
This paragraph will explain some of
the positions taken in opposition to the topic. It
provides more detail and depth about the op-
posed position on the topic.
Hector, James. “Animal Use in Cosmetic Re-
search.” Animals in Our World, edited by
The Staff of the Department of Ecology. 4th
ed. Columbia UP, 2015, pp 456-459.
This paragraph will include indicative
information about the source. Other info the
reader needs about the source.
This paragraph will include info about the
value of the source. Other info needed by the
reader .
.
Sources and Tips for Assignment 1 (History 105; Prof. Stansbury)—.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources and Tips for Assignment 1 (History 105; Prof. Stansbury)—3 pages here
LENGTH AND DEVELOPMENT: Each paper in our class is a 5-paragraph essay, plus there is a title page (=cover page) at the start and a Sources list at the end. The body of the paper is to be double-spaced. The body of the paper should be five paragraphs and a total of 500-to-800 words in length. The 500 minimum is firm; you really have not adequately developed the paper if less than that. The 800-word upper limit is really a guideline—ok to go over. Just don’t ramble. To determine length, I look at the BODY of the paper only (not title page or sources list) and consider primarily the word count. (Microsoft Word makes this easy. Just select from the first line of your first paragraph to the last line of your last paragraph. The word-count is provided on the lower left by MS-Word.). [I do not go by number of pages because there are too many ways that gets fudged by margins, font size, line spacing, etc. However, fyi---Typically, if you follow these instructions, the body of your paper will be 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 pages in length—add a page for your title page and another for your sources list and that then gets to 4-1/2-to 5/1/2.]
Your paper must have a numbered list of sources at the end combined with short in-text citations to those sources in the body of the paper. Any direct quote needs both quote marks and an in-text citation to the source. Any paraphrase or summary of information from a source requires an in-text citation to that source.
Use ONLY the sources designated. If for some reason you must use additional sources, do NOT google for them—use the university library. Pages 2 and 3 below show the sources for each topic and the SWS format for listing and citing each.
In this assignment, do NOT include long quotes of 4 lines or more. The paper is too short for that. Keep any quotes short and clearly marked with quote marks and a citation. Most of the paper should be you using mostly your words while using and summarizing information from your sources, as well as commenting and developing the paper according to the instructions. TIP: Before writing your paper, brainstorm first and make a general list or outline of each paragraph and what it will include. Use the class text for examples or specific information, and jot down the page numbers where you found that information. Do the same with other sources used. This will make your writing of the paper much easier. Then, start typing a rough draft. Plan to revise and edit yourself; allot time to polish the paper before you finally submit. Procrastination is the enemy of quality.
--------------------
ON THE NEXT TWO PAGES—How to list and how to cite the sources in your paper. Each of the three topics (as shown on the instruction sheet) identified sources by link and short identification. On the next two pages, you will see how each of those same sources look in an in-tex.
Source for ArticleMilliken, A. (2018). Ethical awareness What .docxrosemariebrayshaw
Source for Article:
Milliken, A. (2018). Ethical awareness: What it is and why it matters. OJIN: Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(1), Manuscript 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No01Man01. Retrieved from http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-23-2018/No1-Jan-2018/Ethical-Awareness.html
Article:
Ethical Awareness: What It Is and Why It Matters
^ m d
Aimee Milliken, PhD, RN
Abstract
Given the complexity of contemporary healthcare environments, it is vital that nurses are able to recognize and address ethical issues as they arise. Though dilemmas and challenging situations create the most obvious, dramatic risks to patients, routine nursing actions have implications for patients as well. Ethical awareness involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions. Developing ethical awareness is one way to empower nurses to act as moral agents in order to provide patients with safe and ethical care. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the concept of ethical awareness and the role it plays in patient care. Background information is provided; three everyday scenarios highlight the importance of ethical awareness in everyday nursing practice; followed by additional discussion; and strategies for heightening ethical awareness are suggested.
Citation: Milliken, A., (January 31, 2018) "Ethical Awareness: What It Is and Why It Matters" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 23, No. 1, Manuscript 1.
DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No01Man01
Key Words: ethical awareness, nursing ethics, ethical sensitivity, moral sensitivity, critical care
Ethical awareness involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions, and is the first step in moral action.
Given the complexity of contemporary healthcare environments, it is vital that nurses are able to recognize and address ethical issues as they arise. Ethical awareness involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions, and is the first step in moral action (Milliken & Grace, 2015). This means that nurses must first recognize the potential ethical repercussions of their actions in order to effectively resolve problems and address patient needs. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of ethical awareness and its important role in ethical nursing care. Three everyday scenarios highlight the importance of ethical awareness in everyday nursing practice. Finally, strategies for heightening ethical awareness in the clinical setting are suggested.
Background
...nurses do not often recognize daily activities... as having ethical implications.
Many scholars have addressed the ethical nature of nursing practice (Austin, 2007; Erlen, 1997; Milliken & Grace, 2015; Truog et al., 2015; Ulrich et al., 2010). Though nursing ethics education often focuses on dilemmas and challenging situations (Truog et al., 2015; Zizzo, Bell, & Racine, 2016), ethical awareness involves recognizing .
Soria 2Victoria SoriaDean WintherEnglish 101 10 March 20.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Soria 2
Victoria Soria
Dean Winther
English 101
10 March 2020
RAVENArticle 1 by Theresa Capra (2009).
Reputation. The author is a renowned researcher at Mercer County Community College who holds a Ph.D. and specializes in issues of education and children.
Ability to Observe. Being a researcher, the author is in a position to access reliable evidence from other scholarly researchers like her. Working as a director in the College also allows her to observe the effects of poverty on the education of children.
Vested Interest. Being a researcher, the author has no personal interest in the topic. Instead, she seeks to inform the general public about the effects of poverty.
Expertise. The author is an expert in the field of education such that she is even pursuing her Ph.D. She also refers to scholarly sources written by experts as evidence in the article.
Neutrality. The author is neutral about poverty and education. She provides a discussion of the causes, effects, and possible solutions that can be applied to curb the problem. Article 2 by Sean Slade (2015)
Reputation. The author is the director of Global Outreach at ASCD which aims at providing quality education that will grow children emotionally, physically, psychologically, and socially (ASCD, 2020). Thus, the author is in a position of authority.
Ability to Observe. The author is in a position that allows him to access reliable evidence. Being the director of Global Outreach at ASCD, the author works and interacts with children and this allows him to observe how poverty can affect their education.
Vested Interest. The author has some personal interest in the topic. He is a contributor to news being posted on the website. Thus, to get more views and reads, the author has to write something captivating and which will get more reads. This will increase his image in the online world.
Expertise. The author is not an expert in the field of poverty and education. Judging from the website, the author is just a contributor. It is only one evidence that quotes scholarly research. All the other evidence is from news and politics.
Neutrality. The author is biased about the issue of poverty and its impact on education. The author decided to focus on the negative side of poverty only. This painted a bad picture on the government and rich countries who, it is claimed, are the ones who cause poverty. Although this is partially true, the author fails to recognize intervention efforts from these rich countries that have worked to curb poverty. In this biased state, the author presents a one-sided argument only. Article 3 by Kelley Taylor (2017)
Reputation. The author is a contributor to contents on the Insight website which reports news about various issues facing the world today. being a magazine website, the source is not in a position of authority.
Ability to Observe. Being a news reporter, the author is in a position to access reliable evidence through researching on the internet and conduc.
SPC1017 Rubric: Informative Speech
Name: Jhoan Speech Topic: Tanorexia
Time: 4 minutes Points: 81
Introduction 15%
4
Strong attention getter and relevance statement
3
Strong credibility statement
5
Good overview of main points
Main Body 30%
5
Each main point is clear
5
Organization is logical
5
Information is new and relatable to audience, practical
3
Main points supported with research
3
At least one oral citation with needed information
3
Good transitions, good flow from one point to the next
Conclusion 15%
5
Prepared audience for conclusion
4
Summarized main points, no extra information
4
Strong ending, related back to attention getter
Delivery 40%
5
Good volume and speech rate
3
Good vocal variety, speaker was energetic, passionate
3
Good eye contact
4
Good posture and hand gestures, good overall body language
5
Good articulation, pronunciation (few verbal fillers, appropriate language)
4
Professional appearance, business casual attire, professional notes
3
Presentation aid (supportive, easily visible, correct spelling, duration)
4
Time Limit (stayed within designated time limit)
81
TOTAL
5 –Very Good
4 – good
3 – average
2– needs work
1 – unacceptable
.
South University College of Nursing and Public Health Graduate.docxrosemariebrayshaw
South University College of Nursing and Public Health Graduate Online
Nursing Program
Aquifer Internal Medicine
Internal
Medicine
08: 55-year-
old male
with chronic
disease
management
Author/Editor:Author/Editor: Cynthia A. Burns, MD
INTRODUCTION HISTORY
You review Mr. Morales' records on the computer.You review Mr. Morales' records on the computer.
!
You are working with Dr. Clay in her outpatient diabetes clinic this morning.
https://southu-nur.meduapp.com/
https://southu-nur.meduapp.com/document_sets/6094
Your first patient, Mr. Morales, was seen by Dr. Clay once before, eight years ago,
but was lost to follow-up after that time.
Based on review of the electronic medical record you are able to collect the
following information prior to heading into the room to meet Mr. Morales:
Mr. Morales is a 55-year-old Hispanic male, diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes
mellitus thirteen years ago after experiencing a 20-pound unintentional weight
loss, blurry vision, and nocturia.
He was hospitalized six weeks ago with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
and required three vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. During his admission,
he was found to have a reduced ejection fraction of 20%.
He was referred for today's visit by the cardiologist to focus on optimizing his
glycemic control and reducing his risk of the comorbidities associated with poorly
controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
His last hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 9.5% eight years ago, and he had
microalbuminuria at that time.
DIABETES CHRONIC DISEASE
MANAGEMENT 1
MANAGEMENT
You review diabetes chronic disease management with Dr. Clay.You review diabetes chronic disease management with Dr. Clay.
!
Before you see Mr. Morales, Dr. Clay reviews diabetes chronic disease
management with you.
Diabetes Chronic Disease Management
Evaluate for and optimize prevention of diabetic complicationsEvaluate for and optimize prevention of diabetic complications
Macrovascular complications:
Cardiovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Microvascular complications:
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
In particular, cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 cause of mortality for people
with diabetes, and one of the top causes of morbidity.
Hypoglycemia, infections, foot ulcers, and amputations are additional causes of
morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.
The American Diabetes Association publishes annual guidelines to assist in the
management of a patient with diabetes.
Remember the large role that the psychosocial aspects of a diabetesRemember the large role that the psychosocial aspects of a diabetes
diagnosis play in managementdiagnosis play in management
Non-adherence with medical recommendations could be due to economic,
work-related, religious, social, or linguistic barriers to care. Care must be taken
to assess the psychosocial status of each person with diabetes at each clinic
visit to ensure that barriers to successful diabetes care are minimized.
Question
Which .
Sources to UseSuskie, L. (2014, March 17). What is good.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources to Use:
Suskie, L. (2014, March 17). What is good assessment? A second look [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.lindasuskie.com/apps/blog/show/41934533-what-is-good-assessment-a-second-look
Suskie, L. (2018, May 27). What are the characteristics of well-stated learning goals? [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.lindasuskie.com/apps/blog/show/45689916-what-are-the-characteristics-of-well-stated-learning-goals-
Suskie, L. (2015, March 23). Setting meaningful benchmarks or standards [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.lindasuskie.com/apps/blog/show/43191428-setting-meaningful-benchmarks-or-standards
Braskamp, L. A., & Engberg, M. E. (2014). Guidelines for judging the effectiveness of assessing student learning [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.learningoutcomesassessment.org/documents/BraskampGuidelines.pdf
Hutchings, P., Ewell, P., & Banta, T. (2012). AAHE principles of good practice: Aging Nicely. Retrieved from: https://www.learningoutcomesassessment.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Viewpoint-Hutchings-EwellBanta.pdf
Jankowski, N. A., Timmer, J. D., Kinzie, J., & Kuh, G. D. (2018). Assessment that matters: Trending toward practices that document authentic student learning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning outcomes Assessment (NILOA).
Banta, T., & Blaich, C. (2011). Closing the Assessment Loop. Change, 43(1), 22–27.
Running head: WEEK FIVE PAPER 1
TITLE OF PAPER 5
Week Five Paper
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month Day, Year
Week Five Paper
Start the first paragraph here. It should introduce your reader to the subject you are writing about, as well as your particular position or claim. Before you can create your first paragraph, check that you Understand Your Assignment. You can use this template to help you format your paper. For longer papers, include sub-headings or levels of heading.
Challenges and Communication Needs
Communication Theories and Use to Effectively Engage Clients
Three Verbal and Three Nonverbal Techniques to Use With Clients
Selected Communication Theories and Benefits and Limitations
How Active Listening Skills Are Used
How Empathy Skills Are Used
Family, Culture and Gender Issues
Personal Communication Strengths and Growth Areas
Conclusion
.
References
The following are commonly used references. Please fill in the required information, and if you need more help, see the Formatting Your References List page. References are listed in alphabetical order.
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal.
Sooner or later you’ll find your-self leading a team where one.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sooner or later you’ll find your-self leading a team where one
or more of your people work
remotely. You can turn this situa-
tion into an advantage by leverag-
ing diverse backgrounds and
highly motivated employees. To do
this, you’ll need to avoid the possi-
ble communication and effective-
ness pitfalls and make sure you’re
making use of all the means at
your disposal to operate effectively
from a distance. Interestingly
enough, my experiences in P&G as
both a remote manager and a
remote employee have made me a
more disciplined manager.
Various situations, be it with
remote teams who work from
their homes or international
employees in different time zones,
bring unique characteristics to
which you’ll need to adjust your
management style. That said, the
basics for any manager remain the
same—you just have to do them
better. Do them well, and you’ll
have a highly energized and driven
work team. The consequences of
not doing so are twice as disas-
trous with remote teams.
What You Can Do
Let me share some of my favorite
must-do items for any remote
leader.
1. Energize your team with a
vision. To win as a team and as an
organization, it’s critical to involve
your remote group in the creation
and deployment of a common
vision. Ask yourself what your
most important breakthrough will
be, and set this as the direction
that propels your people and your
action plan. If it isn’t possible to do
this face to face, take time to have a
brainstorming forum, group chats,
and calls with video where you
come to a clear, meaningful state-
ment of the accomplishment your
team will be known for.
2. Engage them with a robust
action plan. This is probably one
of the most critical aspects of
remote leadership. Each team
member needs to feel engaged and
have a clear understanding about
what will be requested from them
or their teams, how it will be mea-
sured, and when you will expect it.
To do this well is to set a solid
foundation and clear the way for
what will come. Draft an action
plan with a clear link to your
vision, and engage each team
member individually with the
objectives assigned to them. Align
on the way updates will be pre-
sented and on key milestones.
Give examples of the way you like
updates to be presented and the
data you expect to see in them.
3. Be in touch with your team.
You need to be disciplined about
having periodic touchpoints in
order to stay connected. Watch out
for overly independent employees
who think they don’t need direc-
tion and allow the distance to
grow. It’s important to align prior-
ities, review action-plan progress,
and talk about career develop-
ment. It also doesn’t hurt to build
a personal relationship that fosters
trust and open communication.
Though there are various con-
straints, mostly financial, make
sure to schedule face-to-face time
as much as possible, and, again,
make use of the vast array of avail-
able videoconferencing te.
Sophia Bosoni, Tombra Esite & Junhui Liu
February 6, 2020
Innovation and Organization Transformation
The Boston Globe Organizational Transformations and Innovations
Introduction
The Boston Globe is a company that has been running since 1872. They are experiencing great changes due to changes in the media industry. The owner of The Boston Globe is The Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Now, the publisher and the owner of The Boston Globe is John Henry (The Boston Globe). Due to technological innovations, the way and how we inform ourselves is different than the past generations (ex: virtually).
The Boston Globe’s structure, human resources, political and symbolic frames activities are changing so quickly due to the new organization’s transformations and innovations. The structure of the media organizations has changed internally and externally. In relation to human resources we are going to focus on the internal and external changes as a result of the structural change. Politically and symbolically The Boston Globehas transformed, as well. We are going to explore how digital innovation has completely transformed The Boston Globe. This issue is important as The Boston Globe is experiencing many transformations and revenue challenges and they have to survive. Moreover, as a group, we will focus on the organizational transformations in relation to the four frames (structural, human resources, political & symbolic).
Main Issue
· Requires organization response involving key decision makers
Underlying Causes
Activity in the Four Frames
Structural Frame
The Boston Globe had to restructure because of the technological changes in this century. The Boston Globe had to adapt; therefore they created the BostonGlobe.com in 1995. The Boston Globe mains goal is to survive; then it is to deliver news. The Boston Globe went from an all paper organization to an electronic and paper organization (BostonGlobe.com). Due to all the new technological innovation and other online website there has been a need to get an IT department. This IT department takes care of the online website. Moreover, there needs to be a cyber security team because of all the hacking. The Boston Globe needs to protect themselves from the hackers. Additionally, jobs at The Boston Globe have changed greatly. They had to fire Truck drivers to deliver the newspapers and paper boys and hire more tech people.
Human Resources Frame
Political Frame
The owner of The Boston Globe, John Henry, is also the “Red Sox” owner. “In February 2013, the Red Sox owner John Henry assumed ownership, marking a new chapter (The Boston Globe).” This involves means that there is a lot of politics involved as John Henry has biases.
Due to the new structure at The Boston Globe it changes a lot of activity that relates to the political frame. Some of the changes are that there is no more need for different jobs that were very important and essential a couple decades ago, a generation ago. .
Soria 2Victoria Soria Dean WintherEnglish 101 04 Februar.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Soria 2
Victoria Soria
Dean Winther
English 101
04 February 2020
Poverty’s Impact on Education in America
Most evidently in America children born or brought up in poverty are faced with insignificant education, versus a child with a higher income background. I have chosen this topic for my research assignment being that an impact of poverty can affect a child’s academic accomplishments significantly. This results in them facing challenges such as lacking intellectual and literary skills. The child readiness for school is reduced by poverty because it brings forth poor physical health and motor skills, dwindles the children's ability to concentrate and remember information, reduces curiosity, attentiveness and motivation. Children from lower-income families who manage to complete high school are less likely to proceed to college. Such children end up not achieving their life goals for lack of education. The effects of poverty on education for some children present unique challenges in breaking the cycle of generational poverty. It further reduces their chances of living productive and rewarding lives.
Featured Research
Exploring the Job Duties That Impact
School Counselor Wellness: The Role
of RAMP, Supervision, and Support
Nicole M. Randick
1
, Shannon Dermer
2
, and Rebecca E. Michel
3
Abstract
The authors examined the predictive relationship between the performance of job duties informed by the American School
Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model and overall wellness of school counselors. We also examined the relationship
between organizational factors (i.e., Recognized ASCA Model Program, supervision, and support), the frequency of job duties
performed, and overall wellness. The results revealed a predictive relationship between some of the job duties school counselors
perform and wellness. We provide implications for school counseling practice and training programs.
Keywords
ASCA National Model, organizational factors, school counselors, wellness
Wellness, defined as a way of life that fosters “the optimum
state of health and well-being that each individual is capable of
achieving” (Myers, Sweeny, & Witmer, 2000, p. 252), is a
central foundation of the school counseling profession. The
American School Counselor Association’s ASCA Ethical Stan-
dards for School Counselors require school counselors to per-
form duties identified by the ASCA National Model (ASCA,
2012, 2016; Standard B.3.c) and to “monitor their emotional
and physical health and practice wellness to ensure optimal
professional effectiveness” (Standard B.3.f). Therefore, school
counselors must balance the dual task of supporting their stu-
dents’ academic, social/emotional, and career development
while also ensuring that their own wellness needs are being
met (ASCA, 2012, 2016; Bryant & Constantine, 2006; Limberg,
Lambie, & Robinson, 2016).
School counselors must balance the dual task of
supporting their students’ academic, social/
emoti.
Sources and Tips for Assignment 3 (History 105; Prof. Stansbury)—.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources and Tips for Assignment 3 (History 105; Prof. Stansbury)—5 pages here
LENGTH AND DEVELOPMENT: Each paper in our class is a 5-paragraph essay, plus there is a title page (=cover page) at the start and a Sources list at the end. The body of the paper is to be double-spaced. The body of the paper should be five paragraphs and a total of 500-to-800 words in length. The 500 minimum is firm; you really have not adequately developed the paper if less than that. The 800-word upper limit is really a guideline—ok to go over. Just don’t ramble. To determine length, I look at the BODY of the paper only (not title page or sources list) and consider primarily the word count. (Microsoft Word makes this easy. Just select from the first line of your first paragraph to the last line of your last paragraph. The word-count is provided on the lower left by MS-Word.). [I do not go by number of pages because there are too many ways that gets fudged by margins, font size, line spacing, etc. However, fyi---Typically, if you follow these instructions, the body of your paper will be 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 pages in length—add a page for your title page and another for your sources list and that then gets to 4-1/2-to 5/1/2.]
Your paper must have a numbered list of sources at the end combined with short in-text citations to those sources in the body of the paper. Any direct quote needs both quote marks and an in-text citation to the source. Any paraphrase or summary of information from a source requires an in-text citation to that source.
Use ONLY the sources designated and listed for this assignment. If for some reason you must use additional sources, do NOT google for them—use the university’s online library.
In this assignment, do NOT include long quotes of 4 lines or more. The paper is too short for that. Keep any quotes short and clearly marked with quote marks and a citation. Most of the paper should be you using mostly your words while using and summarizing information from your sources, as well as commenting and developing the paper according to the instructions. TIP: Before writing your paper, brainstorm first and make a general list or outline of each paragraph and what it will include. Use the class text for examples or specific information, and jot down the page numbers where you found that information. Do the same with other sources used. This will make your writing of the paper much easier. Then, start typing a rough draft. Plan to revise and edit yourself; allot time to polish the paper before you finally submit. Procrastination is the enemy of quality.
--------------------
ON THE NEXT PAGE—How to list and how to cite the sources in your paper. The instruction sheet for Assignment 3 shows the Schultz class text (required for this) followed by a long list from which you may choose for your other sources. On the next three pages below, you will see a sample sources list for this assignment, just illustratin.
Sources of Risk for Chronic Conditions in the State of Flo.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Sources of Risk for Chronic Conditions in the State of Florida
DHA-7010 - Project and Resource Management in Integrated Systems
4/05/20
*
Introduction
A chronic condition is a disease that endures along period.
Chronic illness is one of the health issues which has been prevalent in the United States for an extended period.
Various sources of risk are associated with chronic conditions that directly impact the success of this project.
These sources of risks fall under factors such as technical, managerial, commercial, and external risk factors.
Introduction
A chronic condition is a disease that endures along period. Chronic illness is one of the health issues which has been prevalent in the United States for an extended period. However, multiple sources of risk are associated with chronic conditions that directly impact the success of this project. These sources of risks fall under factors such as technical, managerial, commercial, and external risk factors.
*
Sources of Technical Risk Factors
Technical risk factors in this project are associated with factors such as:
Scope definition in the study
Research design
Research of information (Cachada et al., 2019)
Methods used to conduct the research study
Sources of Technical risk factors
Technical risk factors in this project arise from issues or activities associated with the scope definition, research design, research of information, and methods used to conduct the research study. In this case, conduction research to know more about chronic conditions in the State of Florida will involve in-depth scope definition to understand more the status of chronic illness in the State of Florida (Cachada et al., 2019)
.
*
Sources of Managerial Risk Factors
Managerial risk factors in this project arise from management decisions that affect the flow of performing operations of the activity (Cachada et al., 2019).
Sources of managerial risks affecting the success of this project include the following factors:
Cost factors
Legal factors
Legal factors
Sources of managerial risk factors
Managerial risk factors in this project arise from management decisions that affect the flow of performing operations of the activity. The primary source of such risk includes cost factors, which escalates the cost of conducting a project due to the inability to make proper cost estimations.
Schedule factors is another source of risk that affect how activities of the project should be conducted (Cachada et al., 2019). In the research study, the schedule of performing on the status of chronic illness in the State of Florida will be timed to collect enough information to help in making proper decisions.
Legal risk factors is another set of sources of managerial risks that are likely to affect the effectiveness of this research. These factors arise from regulatory obligations such as contract risks that approve the use of chronic condition data to perform a research project. This set of risks will.
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104 PART ONE DIRECTING THE OPERATION
● Implementation – the way that strategy is operationalized or executed. Three issues are
often mentioned by strategy practitioners as being important in achieving successful
implementation: the clarity of the strategy, the nature of the leadership provided by top
management, and effective project management.
● Monitoring – involves tracking ongoing performance and diagnosing data to make sure
that the changes are proceeding as planned and providing early indications of any devi-
ation from the plan.
● Control – involves the evaluation of the results from monitoring the implementation so
that activities, plans and performance can be assessed with the intention of correcting
future action if that is required.
CASE STUDY McDonald’s: half a century of growth 13
It is loved and it is hated. It is a shining example of how
good-value food can be brought to a mass market. It is a
symbol of everything that is wrong with ‘industrialized’, cap-
italist, bland, high-calorie and environmentally unfriendly
commercialism. It is the best-known and most loved fast
food brand in the world with more than 36,000 restau-
rants in 117 countries, providing jobs for 1.7 million staff
and feeding 69 million customers per day (yes, per day!).
It is part of the homogenization of individual national cul-
tures, filling the world with bland, identical, ‘cookie cutter’,
Americanized and soulless operations that dehumanize
its staff by forcing them to follow ridged and over-defined
procedures. But whether you see it as friend, foe, or a bit
of both, McDonald’s has revolutionized the food industry,
affecting the lives of both the people who produce food and
the people who eat it. It has also had its ups (mainly) and
downs (occasionally) as markets, customers and economic
circumstances change. Yet, even in the toughest times it has
always displayed remarkable resilience. What follows is a
brief (for such a large corporation) summary of its history.
Starting small
Central to the development of McDonald’s is Ray Kroc, who
by 1954 and at the age of 52 had been variously a piano
player, a paper cup salesman and a multi-mixer salesman.
He was surprised by a big order for eight multi-mixers
from a restaurant in San Bernardino, California. When
he visited the customer he found a small but successful
restaurant run by two brothers Dick and Mac McDonald.
They had opened their ‘Bar-B-Que’ restaurant 14 years
earlier, and by the time Ray Kroc visited the brothers’ oper-
ation it had a self-service drive-in format with a limited
menu of nine items. He was amazed by the effectiveness
of their operation. Focusing on a limited menu including
burgers, fries and beverages had allowed them to analyse
every step of the process of producing and serving their
food. Ray Kroc was so impressed that he p.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. of social learning theory, and the paucity of research studies re-
garding effectiveness and evidence-based practices with diverse
groups. Providing a social and cultural context in working with
diverse groups with reference to social learning theory adds to
the
literature for more cultural considerations in adapting the theory
to women, African Americans, and diverse groups.
KEYWORDS Social learning theory, behavioral therapy, human
behavior, social context, cultural context, environment,
effective-
ness, evidence-based practice, African Americans, diverse
groups
INTRODUCTION
Social learning theory is one of the most recent approaches to
addressing
people in need and applying the theory to human problems
within a social
context. The utilization of the theory as an applicable approach
to change
human behaviors began in earnest in the 1950s. Its use in the
social and
behavioral sciences as a mental health intervention grew in
popularity in the
Address correspondence to Annie McCullough Chavis,
Fayetteville State University,
3. Department of Social Work, 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville,
NC 28301. E-mail: [email protected]
uncfsu.edu
471
472 A. McCullough Chavis
late 1950s as interest in insight-oriented approaches waned.
Social learning
theory is one of the most influential theories of learning and
human develop-
ment and is rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional
learning. The
theory focuses on learning that occurs within a social context
and that people
learn from one another (Ormond, 1999); however, the theory
adds a social
element. It proposes that people can learn new information and
behaviors by
observing other people. Thus, the use of observational learning,
imitation, or
modeling explains a wide variety of human behaviors using
social learning
theory and approach. Behavioral therapy has its roots and basic
principles
within social learning theory.
Centered on principles of learned behavior that occurs within a
social
context, behavioral therapy focuses upon the principles of
classical con-
ditioning developed by Ivan Pavlov and operant conditioning
developed
4. by B. F. Skinner. Coady and Lehmann (2008) noted that Pavlov
(1927)
demonstrated that, through association in time and space, the
sound of a
bell could have the effect of cueing a dog to produce a
biological reaction
of salivation-classical conditioning/learning. B. F. Skinner
(1953, 1974) docu-
mented that when behavior occurs, whatever follows it (the
consequences of
behavior) can either increase or decrease the frequency,
duration, or intensity
of the behavior (Coady & Lehmann, 2008). Albert Bandura
(1977) added
to the development of the therapy by exploring the role of
cognition and
emphasizing that people learn vicariously. Burman (1997) stated
behavior
therapy is an approach to psychotherapy based on learning
theory that aims
to treat psychopathology through techniques designed to
reinforce desired
and extinguish undesired behaviors. Today, with the thrust for
evidence-
based practice and measurable results, behavioral therapies are
widely used
to change general as well as dysfunctional behaviors such as
depression,
anorexia, chronic distress, substance abuse, anxiety, obesity,
phobia, pas-
sivity, obsessive behavior, self-mutilating behavior, anger
disorders, mental
retardation, and alcoholism (Mehr, 2001). The explanation of
these behaviors
is based largely on culture. Culture is a major factor in
explaining and
5. intervening in human behaviors.
Culture shapes human behavior and the social environment. The
social
environment of today is one of many challenges and warrants
the use of
evidence-based practices that focus on culture to meet the needs
of con-
sumers seeking help with problem behaviors. All individuals are
social beings
and carry within them their cultural experiences that affect all
aspects of
behavior. This article focuses on two case illustrations and
discusses learned
behaviors: the usability of social learning theory and behavioral
therapies
within the social and cultural context. The cultural context
refers to the
environment and cultural influences but recognizes that society,
community,
as well as cultural heritage, values, beliefs, thinking, and
traditions affect indi-
viduals and families (McCullough-Chavis & Waites, 2004). For
this article, the
social and cultural context includes the culture, community,
family, school,
Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Therapy 473
work, and all systems within the social environment of
consumers. The article
concludes with a discussion of the importance of social learning
theory and
approaches to usability with individuals from varied cultural
6. backgrounds
such as African Americans and women.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Interventions and Effectiveness
Social learning interventions and behavioral approaches to
changing human
behaviors are among the most studied and reported in the
literature. Ac-
cording to Mehr and Kanwisher (2007), persons conduct more
controlled
outcome research on behavioral therapies than on any other
psychotherapy
due to the use of scientific methods and the ability to measure
outcomes us-
ing evidence-based practice techniques and instruments.
Behavioral therapy
points toward the new emphasis in the social sciences on
empiricism (ob-
servable evidence) in evaluating the outcomes of intervention
with children,
adults, couples, and families (Mehr & Kanwisher). They stated
the surge in
the therapy movement toward efficiency, research-supported
methods, and
evaluation of outcomes, is a credit to behaviorists, and there is
evidence that
these approaches do change behaviors. Uses of the approaches
in systems
or settings include public school programs for emotionally
handicapped
children, residential programs for people who are mentally
retarded, resi-
dential and outpatient programs for children identified as
7. mentally ill, and
juvenile and adult corrections facilities (Mehr & Kanwisher). In
many settings
and systems, behavioral therapies are the primary approaches
employed to
change unacceptable learned behavior in children and adults.
Therefore,
the service delivery environment, with its focus on outcome
indicators and
evidence-based practice, owes a great debt to behaviorists who
remain the
most proficient group of practitioners in measuring intervention
outcomes
(Granvold, 1994).
Behavioral therapies are efficient therapies and several research
studies
document effectiveness for a wide range of behaviors. Mehr and
Kanwisher
(2007) postulated that the effectiveness of behavioral
approaches seems
well documented, particularly for consumers who have behavior
problems
that use behavioral approaches. Weisz, Hawley, and Doss
(2004) statistically
examined 236 published randomized trials on treatment for
youth (age 3–18
years) spanning the years 1962 through 2002. They found that
across various
outcome measures, 80% of treated youngsters improved after
treatment more
than those not treated. Behavioral treatments proved more
effective than
nonbehavioral treatments regardless of client age. Mehr and
Kanwisher re-
ported that a major positive feature of behavioral strategies is
8. that a majority
of their proponents are thoroughly indoctrinated in the scientific
method
474 A. McCullough Chavis
and extremely concerned with proving whether the techniques
of behav-
ioral therapy work. Therefore, many behavioral studies, and
particularly
controlled studies, support the claims of significant behavior
evaluations,
as well as evidence-based practices claims. Prochaska and
Norcross (2007)
described several meta-analyses conducted on adults, couples,
and families
concerning the effectiveness of behavioral therapy that
produced similar
results. For example, in a 1983 study conducted by Norcross
and Wogan
(cited in Prochaska & Norcross, 2007) behavior therapists
reported seeing
clients less frequently and for a shorter duration than
psychotherapists of
other persuasions; and only 7% of their clients, on average, had
more than
a year of treatment.
Literature documents the use of behavior approaches to deal
with
persons in individual, group treatment, and family settings.
Mehr (2001)
discussed a 1986 study, reported by Nardone, Tryon, and
O’Conner on
9. a cognitive-behavioral group treatment for reducing impulsive–
aggressive
behavior in adolescent boys in a residential setting for boys.
During the
course of the project, the frequency of impulsive–aggressive
behavior on
the part of the boys declined dramatically. However, during a
follow-up
period, the therapist discovered that the positive gains slowly
eroded and
disappeared within 5 weeks. With more focus on evidence-based
practices,
this finding clearly emphasizes the need for maintenance
reinforcement
programs after behavior therapy programs.
Other studies point to the use of social learning theory as a
family
intervention. Kilpatrick and Holland (2009) suggested that
social learning
theory utilization as a family intervention is particularly
effective with fami-
lies that have issues with internal and external environmental
factors. They
reported that families who experience high levels of disruptions,
communi-
cation problems, and families that have children who experience
difficulty
with social systems within the community are a few examples of
intervention
utilizing social learning theory. In other studies, as cited in
Kilpatrick and
Holland (2006, 2009); Sayger, Horne, and Glaser; Sayger,
Horne, Walker,
and Passmore; and Szykula, Sayger, Morris, and Sudweeks
measured the
10. effectiveness of social learning family interventions with
children with be-
havioral disorders and their families in a variety of settings.
The results
according to the authors have been remarkable, with significant
decreases
in negative behaviors of children in the study and subsequent
increases in
positive behaviors at home and in school. Sayger et al. (1988)
reported the
maintenance of positive behavioral changes after a 9- to 12-
month follow-
up. Behavioral approaches have proved to be effective with
children and
their families in child psychiatric outpatient treatment. Szykula
et al. (1987)
avowed in a comparison of strategic and behavioral family
therapies in an
outpatient child psychiatric facility, that 100% of the families
participating
in social learning theory family-intervention treatment
demonstrated gains
toward their treatment attainable goals and 67% of those in the
strategic
Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Therapy 475
family therapy group made gains toward treatment goals. In
treatment with
parents, Sayger et al. (cited in Kilpatrick and Holland (2006,
2009)) found
that parents participating in social learning family interventions
reported
significant more positive than negative side effects of their
11. participation in
treatment.
The literature review suggests social learning and behavioral
interven-
tions are effective in changing human behaviors across several
environmental
settings in treating children, adults, and families. The theory
and approaches
have a strong research and evidence-based background that
demonstrate
effectiveness within the social context of human behaviors.
However, the
literature does not provide sufficient information concerning
effective inter-
ventions with all target groups, particularly diverse groups such
as women,
African Americans, and people of color consumers. Today, any
efforts at
interventions and problem resolutions must be in tune with the
distinctive
culture, values, and community customs of all consumers within
their social
and cultural context.
Understanding theory and the impact of behaviors on human
devel-
opment are collectively a part of interventions in the social and
behavioral
sciences. For example, in social work, the influence of theory
driving practice
is evident, and all the social sciences expound evidence-based
practices as
sufficiently interrelated to outcomes pertaining to human
behaviors within
the social context. To illustrate the relationship concerning
12. human behaviors,
theory, and behavioral interventions, two case illustrations
discuss the need
for changes in human behaviors. The two cases demonstrate
how to use so-
cial learning theory and behavioral approaches with different
individuals and
families in different settings and disciplines, and particularly in
social work.
CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
The case illustration of Paula demonstrates the use of
behavioral therapy in a
public school setting. The second case illustration of Jamaal
exemplifies the
use of social learning theory in a family intervention case with
an emphasis
on social work.1
Paula, age 10, is one of five students in an exceptional
classroom. Her
disruptive behavior prevents her from being in a regular
classroom. Paula’s
behavior disrupts the learning environment due to her
hyperactivity and
impulsivity. She constantly squirms in her chair, snaps her
fingers, taps her
feet, talks loudly to the other students during class, and gets up
and moves
about the classroom without permission instead of listening and
following
instruction from the classroom teacher or teacher assistant.
Paula is the oldest child of John and Megan Head. She has an 8-
year-old
13. brother Tim who attends the same elementary school in a
regular class. The
parents report no major behavioral problems with him but state
that Paula
476 A. McCullough Chavis
has difficulties remaining in her seat while eating, as well as
when the family
watches television or engages in most family activities. They
use time-out
techniques when these disruptions occur. They expressed
concerns about
Paula’s behavior and often inquire from the school about her
behavioral and
educational progress.
In this case illustration modified and adapted from Mehr (2001),
to help
Paula change the undesirable classroom behaviors, the teacher,
teacher assis-
tant, school psychologist, and social worker met several times
and decided to
implement a behavioral treatment plan with Paula. After several
discussions,
they targeted two behaviors for change: talking to other students
and leaving
her seat without permission. The focus of intervention was
observation and
recording of the behaviors, verbal counseling, verbal praise, and
loss of
playtime because of breaking these two rules. If Paula spoke or
left her
seat without permission, the aide reminded her of the loss of
14. playtime for
rule breaking. If Paula behaved acceptably, she received verbal
praise. The
primary person responsible for the behavioral program was the
teacher aide,
and for a day, she observed Paula and recorded how often she
disrupted the
class concerning the targeted behaviors. The disrupted
behaviors occurred
25 times during the one day of observation before any
intervention.
The next week the teacher aide informed Paula of the program
and
the consequences if the two disrupted behaviors occurred. At
the end of
each class period when Paula did not speak out or leave her seat
without
permission, she earned a gold star beside her name on the board.
At the end
of the day, she could take a gold star home to her parents if she
earned stars
in more than one half of the classroom sessions. At the end of
the week, Paula
was down to eight disruptions a day and showed much progress
as recorded
by the teacher’s aide. The next week, the aide added another
behavior to
change and explained the addition to Paula. By the end of the
second week
Paula was down to four disruptions a day, and after another
week, Paula
took home a gold star each day. Some days there were one to no
disruptions,
and this change continued for the remainder of the school year.
More sig-
15. nificantly, Paula’s schoolwork improved with the improvement
in behavior,
and the positive changes continued until Paula did not need gold
stars to
maintain her behavior. Using predata and data during the
intervention, the
case of Paula illustrates the application of principles of learned
behavior. It
shows that humans can learn to change undesirable behavior
with behavioral
therapy and evidence-based practice within a social context.
Modified and adapted from Kilpatrick and Holland (2006), the
second
case illustration of Jamaal exemplifies the use of social learning
theory in
a family intervention case. This case illustrates the use of
treatment goals
consistent with the principles of the theory.
Jamaal, a 22-year-old African American male, is gay and the
only child
of Joe and Mary Jones. After graduating from college, he
returned home to
live and work as a high school teacher. Jamaal’s parents are
highly religious
Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Therapy 477
and do not approve of Jamaal’s sexual orientation or his
homosexual rela-
tionships. They will not converse with Jamaal about his sexual
orientation
or relationships. They believe in intimate heterosexual
16. relationships and
that God condemns any other relationships. Jamaal is very close
to his
parents and expresses concern about their denial or disapproval
of his
relationships. He desires the acceptance of his choice of
relationships and
sexual orientation by his parents. Jamaal believes in God but
has concerns
about being gay and being accepted within his social
environment. Many in
his family, church, and extended family are homophobic.
Other family members suspect that Jamaal is gay but are not
quite sure
of his sexual orientation so he selects and guards his
communication with
extended family, except for his cousin, James. Although Jamaal
interacts with
James more than with other extended family, Jamaal has never
revealed any
information regarding his sexual orientation or ambivalent
feelings about be-
ing gay or nonacceptance by his parents to James. However,
Jamaal suspects
that James is aware of his sexual orientation. His parents avoid
the subject
and are consistent in their disapproval. Jamaal feels lonely,
ashamed, angry,
and isolated. Consequently, he is having considerable difficulty
managing
his needs for intimacy. The negative social pressure he feels
from his family
and social environment are burdensome and depressing.
Jamaal came to counseling seeking assistance in learning how to
17. manage
his intimacy, loneliness, shame, anger, and pain. Additionally,
he needs help
learning to accept his homosexuality and help with
communication skills to
assist in facilitating meeting other persons. There is also a need
to learn new
ways of conversing with his parents and family members
concerning their
homophobia and his sexual orientation.
In this case illustration, the focus of intervention is with Jamaal
and
his parents as they are experiencing difficulties with an
ineffective family
structure and boundaries (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2006) that
could inhibit
problem solving (homosexuality, intimacy, communication and
feelings of
shame, pain, anger, and confusion). The communication within
the family
as dictated by the family rules is weakened by unrealistic
expectation and
appears complicated by these rigid family rules and family
roles. There is
also confusion within the family and clearly with Jamaal. This
confusion
limits the family’s capacity to overcome their life challenges
and feelings of
insecurities, dissatisfaction, and discomfort with the level of
intimacy within
the family and the environment (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2006).
The family
operates as a closed family system concerning family rules,
boundaries, and
communication, and dealing with Jamaal’s sexual orientation.
18. Also Jamaal’s
communication is poor regarding his feelings, and he finds it
difficult to
maintain intimate relationships. Utilizing social learning theory,
it would be
very appropriate and useful to work with Jamaal and his family
concerning
the following goals as stated by Kilpatrick & Holland (2006)
and modified
for this case.
478 A. McCullough Chavis
1. Learn to develop coping strategies to manage fear and loss
(son’s sexual
orientation, family, and son’s acceptance of sexual orientation)
within the
social and cultural context.
2. Develop skills and knowledge concerning self-control to
manage, family,
life, and the social environment of extended family and
religious family
more effectively.
3. Help in communication skills that will permit family rules,
roles, and
boundaries to be more open that will allow greater means and
ways of
expressing feelings, meeting people, and sharing with family
and friends
that includes the cultural context in meeting the unique style,
life experi-
ences, and worldview of the family.
19. Social learning theory interventions are appropriate for use with
Jamaal
and his family. Cognitive thoughts, beliefs, and development of
communica-
tion skills from a cultural perspective are major focal points of
intervention
with Jamaal. The case also focuses on appropriate learned
behaviors by
normalizing the problems of the family and focusing on
strengths within the
social and cultural context. Social learning theory and
behavioral approaches
are applicable in a variety of environments and disciplines.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Social learning theory offers a structured and learned approach
to dealing
with a variety of behavioral concerns in many different
disciplines and set-
tings. Although, I only discuss two case illustrations, this
article presents the
importance of treating and focusing on learned behaviors using
theory and
strategies in an effort to change behaviors from a social and
cultural context.
The target population of the two cases consisted of a female
consumer and
an African American male consumer from diverse groups. The
question of
the applicability of the theory and approaches with diverse
groups is a major
criticism and of concern to this author and others. Kilpatrick
and Holland
(2009) stated that in some cultural groups, the specific
20. approaches used in
social learning theory are not valued or endorsed; rather, they
appear as
being White, middle class, or incompatible in other ways with
many cultural
groups. Although behaviorists expound empowerment and
concrete changes
of consumers, the research rarely addresses cultural,
multicultural, or African
American issues, despite important theoretical contributions
made by Cheek
(1976) and Kantrowitz and Ballou (1992).
Cheek, a pioneer in assertive training was one of the first
behaviorists to
generalize behavior theory specifically to counseling with
African Americans.
He demonstrated the validity of behavioral concepts with
African American
clients and supplied a culturally relevant view to the therapy.
Cheek affirmed
that assertive behavior varies between African American and
White cultures,
Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Therapy 479
and that both groups need to understand the frame of reference
of the
other (Ivey, Andrea, Ivey, & Simek-Morgan, 2002). The work
by Cheek had
particular implications for women.
Kantrowitz and Ballou (1992) suggested that the behavioral
focus on
21. individual skill training could neglect social issues and support
dominant
group values. They asserted that assertiveness training is an
example of
evidence-based treatment and will probably meet with the
approval of the
sexually harassed woman, and the social norm of women’s duty
to protect
themselves is not seriously questioned. The women’s distress is
temporarily
reduced, but the social status quo of the dominant society is
also decisively
protected. That is, necessary social change does not occur.
Even though the literature cites the wide use of social learning
theory
and behavioral therapies, a careful examination of the literature
found a
paucity of information to support effective and evidence-based
application
with women, African Americans, and diverse groups. A wide
array of behav-
ior therapies applying the principles is applicable for use with
these groups,
but what is not as clear is whether substantially conducted
research studies
prove efficacy and effectiveness. Empirically, behavioral
therapies yielded
a great deal of effective therapies, and some took into account
the culture
and worldview of African Americans and others, but according
to Cheek
(1976) behaviorists should not seek to ‘‘make African
Americans White’’
or to have women think like men but to recognize the
perspective and
22. worldview of different groups. His pioneering works
demonstrate how to
use the approaches effectively with African American clients
when modified
to meet the client’s unique style, life experiences, and
worldview.
The worldview and culture of African Americans and other
diverse
groups are uniquely different from the dominant group. Nobles
(1973)
argued that the African view of ‘‘self’’ is contingent upon the
existence
of others, oneness of being, and a balance and harmony with all
things.
McCullough-Chavis and Waites (2004) contended that the
cultural context
is an important aspect of individuals and families. Thus, a
criticism of
social learning theory and behavioral therapies from a cultural
perspective
is the somewhat exclusion of diverse cultures and an African
view of ‘‘self.’’
If Cheek can demonstrate effectiveness with African American
consumers
when adjusted to meet the consumer’s unique linguistic style
and life
experiences (Ivey et. al., 2002), and Kantrowitz and Ballou
(1992) with
women, then behaviorists should consider these adjustment and
adaptations
when working with consumers from diverse groups.
CONCLUSION
This article presents two case illustrations and focuses on the
23. importance
of human behaviors within the social environment. The
literature points to
480 A. McCullough Chavis
evidence-based practice and the effectiveness of the theory and
approaches.
However, the author believes that to make an unmitigated claim
of ef-
fectiveness and aggregate evidence-based practice those
utilizing the the-
ory and approaches must prove their effectiveness through more
research
with other groups as demonstrated with the dominant group. The
social
environment of today is a multicultural environment, which
warrants the
use of culturally focused evidence-based practices to meet the
needs of
consumers seeking assistance with problem behaviors in a
variety of en-
vironmental settings and disciplines. In addition, the Code of
Ethics for
social workers states there is a responsibility to ‘‘understand
culture and its
function in human behavior and society, recognizing the
strengths that exist
in all cultures’’ (National Association of Social Workers, 1996,
p. 9). Thus,
it is critical and imperative that social workers, practitioners,
counselors,
sociologists, psychologists, educators, and behaviorists practice
more from
24. a culturally focused perspective. To be effective, professionals
must acquire
further knowledge and skills about the cultures, values, beliefs,
practices,
and worldviews of individuals and families who come from
different and
varied cultural backgrounds. This article and its use of two case
illustrations
offer a structural and practical approach to dealing with human
behaviors
within the social and cultural context. It helps professionals
understand and
intervene appropriately and effectively with consumers from
various cultural
backgrounds.
NOTE
1. Please note that for this article, the names in the two case
illustrations are pseudonym.
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