International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Social Media and Your Library: Strategies to Lead the WaySteven Lastres
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Social media is ubiquitous in our society, and, as a result, a new culture of sharing and transparency exists. The concept of open leadership builds upon this new cultural engagement in social media and challenges us to use social media as a leadership tool. This program provides an overview of how to develop an open leadership strategy that can be applied to effectively and productively use social media for both personal and professional purposes.
Takeaway 1: Participants will be able to list the 10 elements of open leadership and explain why social media can play an important role in leadership and management.
Takeaway 2: Participants will be able to identify at least four examples of how social media can be applied strategically as a leadership tool in the work place.
Takeaway 3: Participants will be able to explain how to conduct an openness audit and use those results to develop a personal or professional social media strategic plan.
Who should attend: Managers and leaders in the field of law librarianship
Track(s): Library Management, Information Technology, Reference, Research and Client Services
Presenters:
Jennifer S. Murray (Coordinator & Moderator)
Kathleen Brown (Speaker)
Steven Antonio Lastres (Speaker)
Topics: Programs, Programs and Workshops
The document discusses a social media plan for Literacy Volunteers of Monongalia and Preston Counties. It analyzes the organization's current use of Facebook, its website, and LinkedIn based on the seven building blocks of social media. It identifies that social media can help meet goals related to groups, identity, reputation, and sharing. The plan also includes conducting SWOT analyses of various social media platforms, revising the organization's website, appointing a social media intern, and consistently engaging social media followers.
The document discusses how non-profit organizations and NGOs can use social media to further their goals in 3 main ways: internally to organize themselves, externally to build relationships and engage communities, and by learning from case studies of organizations that have successfully utilized social media. Some key benefits highlighted are reaching large audiences at low cost, fostering collaboration, and empowering organizations to have outsized impact. Challenges like maintaining an online presence and competing for attention are also addressed.
The document discusses a training on managing government use of social media in Moldova. It provides an agenda that covers an introduction to social media and its benefits, barriers and challenges for government adoption. It also discusses managing social media at both the initiative and organizational levels. Examples of social media tools used by governments are presented, including Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The benefits of social media for governments are said to include reaching new audiences, enhancing engagement, communication and feedback from citizens. Challenges include traditional service models and low public trust and interest in engaging with government online.
This document discusses social networks and their impact. It begins by defining social networks as social structures made up of nodes like individuals or organizations connected by relationships. It then provides examples of different types of social networks like Facebook, LinkedIn, and alumni networks. The document outlines key features of social networks like messaging, sharing media, and discusses how they are used for socializing, business opportunities, and matchmaking. It also discusses popular networks like Facebook and Twitter, noting their founding years, user numbers, revenue models, and basic features. The document covers advantages and disadvantages of social networks for individuals and businesses. It concludes that social networks are now a major part of life but have both positive and negative aspects depending on how they are used.
The document discusses using social media for alumni relations and university development. It provides background on the evolution of social media and defines key terms. It analyzes how President Obama's 2008 campaign successfully used social media to engage supporters and raise funds, serving as a model for higher education institutions. Experts recommend universities build relationships through social media to connect with alumni where they are online.
This document outlines an agenda for a training session on communicating with members and potential members using social media. It includes an introduction, an overview of what social media is and popular tools, a discussion on whether affiliates are ready to use social media, and a hands-on section on various social media tools. The agenda concludes with a social media project where participants work in groups to design a campaign for an affiliate initiative and receive feedback. Key topics covered include defining social media and its characteristics, the current social media landscape, how different demographics use various tools, best practices for branding, campaigns and building online communities, and examples of successful association use of social media.
Social Media and Your Library: Strategies to Lead the WaySteven Lastres
Â
Social media is ubiquitous in our society, and, as a result, a new culture of sharing and transparency exists. The concept of open leadership builds upon this new cultural engagement in social media and challenges us to use social media as a leadership tool. This program provides an overview of how to develop an open leadership strategy that can be applied to effectively and productively use social media for both personal and professional purposes.
Takeaway 1: Participants will be able to list the 10 elements of open leadership and explain why social media can play an important role in leadership and management.
Takeaway 2: Participants will be able to identify at least four examples of how social media can be applied strategically as a leadership tool in the work place.
Takeaway 3: Participants will be able to explain how to conduct an openness audit and use those results to develop a personal or professional social media strategic plan.
Who should attend: Managers and leaders in the field of law librarianship
Track(s): Library Management, Information Technology, Reference, Research and Client Services
Presenters:
Jennifer S. Murray (Coordinator & Moderator)
Kathleen Brown (Speaker)
Steven Antonio Lastres (Speaker)
Topics: Programs, Programs and Workshops
The document discusses a social media plan for Literacy Volunteers of Monongalia and Preston Counties. It analyzes the organization's current use of Facebook, its website, and LinkedIn based on the seven building blocks of social media. It identifies that social media can help meet goals related to groups, identity, reputation, and sharing. The plan also includes conducting SWOT analyses of various social media platforms, revising the organization's website, appointing a social media intern, and consistently engaging social media followers.
The document discusses how non-profit organizations and NGOs can use social media to further their goals in 3 main ways: internally to organize themselves, externally to build relationships and engage communities, and by learning from case studies of organizations that have successfully utilized social media. Some key benefits highlighted are reaching large audiences at low cost, fostering collaboration, and empowering organizations to have outsized impact. Challenges like maintaining an online presence and competing for attention are also addressed.
The document discusses a training on managing government use of social media in Moldova. It provides an agenda that covers an introduction to social media and its benefits, barriers and challenges for government adoption. It also discusses managing social media at both the initiative and organizational levels. Examples of social media tools used by governments are presented, including Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The benefits of social media for governments are said to include reaching new audiences, enhancing engagement, communication and feedback from citizens. Challenges include traditional service models and low public trust and interest in engaging with government online.
This document discusses social networks and their impact. It begins by defining social networks as social structures made up of nodes like individuals or organizations connected by relationships. It then provides examples of different types of social networks like Facebook, LinkedIn, and alumni networks. The document outlines key features of social networks like messaging, sharing media, and discusses how they are used for socializing, business opportunities, and matchmaking. It also discusses popular networks like Facebook and Twitter, noting their founding years, user numbers, revenue models, and basic features. The document covers advantages and disadvantages of social networks for individuals and businesses. It concludes that social networks are now a major part of life but have both positive and negative aspects depending on how they are used.
The document discusses using social media for alumni relations and university development. It provides background on the evolution of social media and defines key terms. It analyzes how President Obama's 2008 campaign successfully used social media to engage supporters and raise funds, serving as a model for higher education institutions. Experts recommend universities build relationships through social media to connect with alumni where they are online.
This document outlines an agenda for a training session on communicating with members and potential members using social media. It includes an introduction, an overview of what social media is and popular tools, a discussion on whether affiliates are ready to use social media, and a hands-on section on various social media tools. The agenda concludes with a social media project where participants work in groups to design a campaign for an affiliate initiative and receive feedback. Key topics covered include defining social media and its characteristics, the current social media landscape, how different demographics use various tools, best practices for branding, campaigns and building online communities, and examples of successful association use of social media.
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts, slides accompanying a presentation by Nicola Osborne, EDINA Digital Education Manager, for Abertay University (Dundee). The hashtag for this event was #AbTLEJan2017.
Building A Business Case For Social Media 0824-2011jonathanhcho
Â
The document discusses building a business case for social media at the National Cancer Institute. It defines social media and new media, and explains why social media is important due to its growing user base and ability to establish brands, share information, and build relationships. It emphasizes that social media requires understanding audiences, leadership buy-in, organizational involvement, dedicated teams, and choosing appropriate tools. It also outlines risks but more benefits. The document provides guidance on developing a social media plan that considers objectives, integration, culture change, tools, measurement, and piloting approaches. It discusses governance and managing social media engagements.
Government use of Social Media and how it can be used in messaging with violent extremism on the social web during "Counter Violent Extremism Media Training" in Kuwait for the Ministry of Information and U.S. Embassy staff organized by the U.S. Department of State
The document provides an introduction and primer on Web 2.0, social media, and how non-profits and organizations can utilize social tools and platforms. It defines key concepts like Web 2.0, social media, and differences between the two. Examples of popular social media sites and tools are given. Statistics on usage demographics are presented. The document outlines reasons for non-profits to use social media for outreach, engagement, feedback, and other benefits. Steps for developing a social media strategy and beginning to engage are described.
This document provides best practices for using social media:
1. Set specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound objectives and integrate social media into a wider marketing strategy.
2. Research which social media channels are best for reaching your target audiences and consider future audiences.
3. Generate engaging, relevant content and establish your company as an expert while avoiding copyright infringement and sending consistent brand messages.
4. Engage promptly, politely, and personally on social media and outsource management if needed to avoid dormant accounts, and measure performance to focus resources.
The document discusses how non-profits can use social media platforms like Facebook, blogs, Twitter, and YouTube to engage constituents and supporters. It provides an overview of why social media is important for non-profits, how some are currently using different platforms, and resources for developing a social media strategy including assessing audiences, objectives, platforms, and content.
The Digital Branch: Social Media and Digital Outreach in the Public Libraryjezlayman
Â
This document discusses the importance and use of social media in libraries. It defines social media as web-based services that allow users to generate and share content. The document notes that 51% of Americans use Facebook and social media is especially important for reaching younger demographics. It provides examples of how libraries use social media for outreach, community involvement, networking, and digital reference. Challenges and best practices for social media use are also discussed, including having a social media policy and plan in place before implementation.
The document provides an overview of social media for hospitals, defining it as online conversations enabled by advances in technology. It outlines the goals of demystifying social media and suggesting ways for hospitals to utilize it effectively. The value of social media is in connecting with diverse audience groups and allowing two-way interactions. Examples of common social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, blogs and YouTube are described along with engagement strategies hospitals can employ for each. Guidance is provided on listening to conversations, being transparent and adding value rather than overt promotion.
The document provides information and guidance for chapter leaders on using social media. It defines social media and explains why it is important. It also outlines the major types of social media and best practices for using each one. The document provides templates and steps for chapters to create a social media plan, implement initiatives, engage members, and measure effectiveness. Examples are given of how some ASTD chapters are successfully using social media.
The document discusses how social media and online communications have changed public relations and interactions with audiences. It notes that conversations now take place online through various social media platforms, and that organizations must join these conversations to build connections and understand what audiences are saying. The document provides an overview of many social media tools and strategies for organizations to engage audiences, including blogs, videos, podcasts, Facebook, and Twitter. It emphasizes listening first before engaging and providing valuable, relevant content.
The document discusses using social media to enhance network effectiveness. It defines social media and outlines how it has grown significantly. It then discusses several key aspects to consider when using social media for a network, including understanding the network's objectives, audience, integrating social media with existing strategies, addressing potential cultural challenges, building capacity, choosing appropriate tools and tactics, measuring results, and experimenting with an iterative process.
This document discusses social networking and outlines several key points. It begins by defining social networking services and sites, noting they facilitate building social networks and relationships online. It then categorizes different types of social networking including educational, online community, and business networks. The document also lists advantages like open communication, marketing opportunities, and business reputation building. Disadvantages include the time-consuming nature, potential addiction issues, privacy concerns, and technical problems. It concludes by comparing advantages and disadvantages of specific networks like Facebook and Twitter.
The document provides an overview of social media and strategies for using different social media platforms. It defines social media as online technologies that allow people to share opinions and experiences. Popular platforms include blogs, message boards, and wikis. Effective social media use involves two-way conversation, commenting on discussions, engaging with communities, and collaborating with customers. While requiring a significant time commitment, social media can help promote brands or personal profiles if used strategically on platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. The document concludes by offering tips for developing social media strategies and goals for different accounts.
The document discusses social media and its use by city governments. It defines social media as online tools that enable interaction and two-way communication rather than just passive viewing. It outlines the opportunities and challenges of using social media, including increasing reach and engagement with citizens at low cost, but also requiring staff time and relinquishing some message control. The document advocates using social media where target audiences interact and to meet citizens' needs for information, input, and responsive government. Examples of social media use by cities include blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.
Social networking in library and information services marketingJyothi Reddy
Â
Social networking provides opportunities for libraries to market services and engage users. It allows communication, feedback, and understanding of user needs. Libraries can use social media like Facebook, Twitter, and blogs to advertise services, extend outreach, and demonstrate benefits to potential patrons. Social networking offers low-cost marketing strategies like increasing awareness, traffic, search optimization, and loyalty. It is an important tool for libraries going forward.
The impact of social media on purchase behaviourRalph Risk
Â
The document discusses research from the Global Web Index on the impact of social media on consumer behavior and purchase decisions. Some key findings include:
- Social media usage is highest in BRIC countries and Germany/UK are most purchase-oriented online
- Motivations for social media usage vary significantly by country and include staying connected with friends/news, entertainment, research
- People's online social connections influence their brand opinions and purchase decisions
- Consumers extensively research products online prior to purchases, with search engines an important information source
Presentation given by Eddie Byrne at the Western Regional Section, Library Association of Ireland, Annual Seminar, 11 June 2012, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
This document discusses social media and networking, outlining key definitions and concepts. It defines social media as content, tools, and services created and used online, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Social networking is described as building interactive online communities through communication and information sharing. Popular social networking services allow users to create public profiles, connect with others who share interests, and view connections. The benefits of social media for individuals and businesses are discussed, including staying connected with others, generating leads at low cost, and creating online groups and communities.
Social media strategy for communication and disseminationAda Giannatelli
Â
How social media, such as FaceBook, Twitter, and Pinterest can support the achievement of specific objectives (e.g. raising awareness about a project or circulating results), with a special focus on education and research context.
Webinar held on June 26th, 2014 at 11:30 AM CET for the App4inno project
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts, slides accompanying a presentation by Nicola Osborne, EDINA Digital Education Manager, for Abertay University (Dundee). The hashtag for this event was #AbTLEJan2017.
Building A Business Case For Social Media 0824-2011jonathanhcho
Â
The document discusses building a business case for social media at the National Cancer Institute. It defines social media and new media, and explains why social media is important due to its growing user base and ability to establish brands, share information, and build relationships. It emphasizes that social media requires understanding audiences, leadership buy-in, organizational involvement, dedicated teams, and choosing appropriate tools. It also outlines risks but more benefits. The document provides guidance on developing a social media plan that considers objectives, integration, culture change, tools, measurement, and piloting approaches. It discusses governance and managing social media engagements.
Government use of Social Media and how it can be used in messaging with violent extremism on the social web during "Counter Violent Extremism Media Training" in Kuwait for the Ministry of Information and U.S. Embassy staff organized by the U.S. Department of State
The document provides an introduction and primer on Web 2.0, social media, and how non-profits and organizations can utilize social tools and platforms. It defines key concepts like Web 2.0, social media, and differences between the two. Examples of popular social media sites and tools are given. Statistics on usage demographics are presented. The document outlines reasons for non-profits to use social media for outreach, engagement, feedback, and other benefits. Steps for developing a social media strategy and beginning to engage are described.
This document provides best practices for using social media:
1. Set specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound objectives and integrate social media into a wider marketing strategy.
2. Research which social media channels are best for reaching your target audiences and consider future audiences.
3. Generate engaging, relevant content and establish your company as an expert while avoiding copyright infringement and sending consistent brand messages.
4. Engage promptly, politely, and personally on social media and outsource management if needed to avoid dormant accounts, and measure performance to focus resources.
The document discusses how non-profits can use social media platforms like Facebook, blogs, Twitter, and YouTube to engage constituents and supporters. It provides an overview of why social media is important for non-profits, how some are currently using different platforms, and resources for developing a social media strategy including assessing audiences, objectives, platforms, and content.
The Digital Branch: Social Media and Digital Outreach in the Public Libraryjezlayman
Â
This document discusses the importance and use of social media in libraries. It defines social media as web-based services that allow users to generate and share content. The document notes that 51% of Americans use Facebook and social media is especially important for reaching younger demographics. It provides examples of how libraries use social media for outreach, community involvement, networking, and digital reference. Challenges and best practices for social media use are also discussed, including having a social media policy and plan in place before implementation.
The document provides an overview of social media for hospitals, defining it as online conversations enabled by advances in technology. It outlines the goals of demystifying social media and suggesting ways for hospitals to utilize it effectively. The value of social media is in connecting with diverse audience groups and allowing two-way interactions. Examples of common social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, blogs and YouTube are described along with engagement strategies hospitals can employ for each. Guidance is provided on listening to conversations, being transparent and adding value rather than overt promotion.
The document provides information and guidance for chapter leaders on using social media. It defines social media and explains why it is important. It also outlines the major types of social media and best practices for using each one. The document provides templates and steps for chapters to create a social media plan, implement initiatives, engage members, and measure effectiveness. Examples are given of how some ASTD chapters are successfully using social media.
The document discusses how social media and online communications have changed public relations and interactions with audiences. It notes that conversations now take place online through various social media platforms, and that organizations must join these conversations to build connections and understand what audiences are saying. The document provides an overview of many social media tools and strategies for organizations to engage audiences, including blogs, videos, podcasts, Facebook, and Twitter. It emphasizes listening first before engaging and providing valuable, relevant content.
The document discusses using social media to enhance network effectiveness. It defines social media and outlines how it has grown significantly. It then discusses several key aspects to consider when using social media for a network, including understanding the network's objectives, audience, integrating social media with existing strategies, addressing potential cultural challenges, building capacity, choosing appropriate tools and tactics, measuring results, and experimenting with an iterative process.
This document discusses social networking and outlines several key points. It begins by defining social networking services and sites, noting they facilitate building social networks and relationships online. It then categorizes different types of social networking including educational, online community, and business networks. The document also lists advantages like open communication, marketing opportunities, and business reputation building. Disadvantages include the time-consuming nature, potential addiction issues, privacy concerns, and technical problems. It concludes by comparing advantages and disadvantages of specific networks like Facebook and Twitter.
The document provides an overview of social media and strategies for using different social media platforms. It defines social media as online technologies that allow people to share opinions and experiences. Popular platforms include blogs, message boards, and wikis. Effective social media use involves two-way conversation, commenting on discussions, engaging with communities, and collaborating with customers. While requiring a significant time commitment, social media can help promote brands or personal profiles if used strategically on platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. The document concludes by offering tips for developing social media strategies and goals for different accounts.
The document discusses social media and its use by city governments. It defines social media as online tools that enable interaction and two-way communication rather than just passive viewing. It outlines the opportunities and challenges of using social media, including increasing reach and engagement with citizens at low cost, but also requiring staff time and relinquishing some message control. The document advocates using social media where target audiences interact and to meet citizens' needs for information, input, and responsive government. Examples of social media use by cities include blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter.
Social networking in library and information services marketingJyothi Reddy
Â
Social networking provides opportunities for libraries to market services and engage users. It allows communication, feedback, and understanding of user needs. Libraries can use social media like Facebook, Twitter, and blogs to advertise services, extend outreach, and demonstrate benefits to potential patrons. Social networking offers low-cost marketing strategies like increasing awareness, traffic, search optimization, and loyalty. It is an important tool for libraries going forward.
The impact of social media on purchase behaviourRalph Risk
Â
The document discusses research from the Global Web Index on the impact of social media on consumer behavior and purchase decisions. Some key findings include:
- Social media usage is highest in BRIC countries and Germany/UK are most purchase-oriented online
- Motivations for social media usage vary significantly by country and include staying connected with friends/news, entertainment, research
- People's online social connections influence their brand opinions and purchase decisions
- Consumers extensively research products online prior to purchases, with search engines an important information source
Presentation given by Eddie Byrne at the Western Regional Section, Library Association of Ireland, Annual Seminar, 11 June 2012, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
This document discusses social media and networking, outlining key definitions and concepts. It defines social media as content, tools, and services created and used online, such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Social networking is described as building interactive online communities through communication and information sharing. Popular social networking services allow users to create public profiles, connect with others who share interests, and view connections. The benefits of social media for individuals and businesses are discussed, including staying connected with others, generating leads at low cost, and creating online groups and communities.
Social media strategy for communication and disseminationAda Giannatelli
Â
How social media, such as FaceBook, Twitter, and Pinterest can support the achievement of specific objectives (e.g. raising awareness about a project or circulating results), with a special focus on education and research context.
Webinar held on June 26th, 2014 at 11:30 AM CET for the App4inno project
We keep hearing about Social Media and its importance everywhere around us. "What is the future of Social Media Marketing and how brands will benefit from it in future?" was the question I had in my mind and this is what I could find.
Current trends and future evolution of new mediapchave28
Â
This document discusses the evolution of media from traditional radio to digital and internet-based formats. It describes the rise of technologies like smartphones, tablets, ebooks, and social media that have enabled new forms of interactive media consumption. The document also predicts that internet radio listenership will continue growing substantially while terrestrial radio listeners will decline somewhat, and that advertising spending will continue shifting to digital and mobile formats. Overall it outlines the ongoing convergence of traditional and new digital media.
New trends in media for public information disseminationNancy Cudis
Â
The digital space is a huge potential for the Philippine government to tap on to spread the word about their programs. Are they ready to embrace the digital space?
This document discusses several new technologies and concepts including:
1) A round-screen smartphone called the Runcible from Monohm that resembles a pocket watch and runs Firefox OS.
2) An electric kayak called the E-Kayak that has continuous rowing powered by batteries for relaxation.
3) A compact home lighting device that has multiple functions like a speaker, microphone, USB ports, and adjustable lighting.
4) Upcoming electric vehicles spurred by Tesla's success and concepts like Porsche's and the QUANTiNO EV NanoFlowcell car.
The Future of Social Media: The Current Landscape and 2012 TrendsTania Kasongo
Â
The document discusses key trends in media for 2012 and beyond. It outlines trends in news aggregation apps, magazine apps designed for tablets, expanding beyond just the iPad to devices like Kindle Fire, incorporating social gestures to share content, TV everywhere streaming to multiple devices, second screen experiences that enhance TV viewing, marketing apps for movies and TV, social music platforms, and emerging technologies like HTML5, flexible displays, and location-based news. The future of media will be shaped by these new forms of reading, watching, and listening to content across many different devices and platforms.
Legal, Ethical and Social Issues in TechnologyRachel Farnese
Â
This document provides an overview of an interactive PowerPoint about legal, social, and ethical issues related to technology education. It discusses topics like social networking, acceptable use policies, cyberbullying, student data privacy, the digital divide, copyright, fair use, and Creative Commons licenses. The PowerPoint contains pictures and buttons that link to additional explanatory videos and navigate between topics.
This document discusses social network sites and their use in education. It begins by explaining the rise of social networks and how they have changed communication. Facebook is identified as the largest social network with over 500 million users. The document then explores how social networks can benefit education by improving communication, participation, and collaboration. It provides examples of how social networks allow independence from time and location, individualized learning, and easy sharing of content. While issues like privacy and overdependence exist, the conclusion is that social networks overall positively impact society and when used effectively can empower learning.
Social Media networks have broad acceptance in current status. Almost everyone who has access with internet is linked with some kind of social communication using available social medias. Now social Medias are providing lots of utility to its users. This paper studies utility of its are useful for all learners . So the paper explain usefulness of any type of media in any field of education. Youth gain lot's of knowledge through technology in society .That why it is important for young learners Social media can be used effectively to build brand awareness, as well as by people to share brand positives and negatives. The point is that no matter how you slice it social media isnt a passing fad. It is becoming a standard communication platform that has dramatically changed the way that brands and consumers interact with one another. Mrs. Madhu | Miss. Shreya | Miss. Ruchi ""Effectiveness of Social Media for Learning"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30114.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/30114/effectiveness-of-social-media-for-learning/mrs-madhu
Extent of social media usage by students for improved learning in Tertiary In...iosrjce
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The document discusses a study that was conducted to ascertain students' perceptions of using social media for educational purposes. The study surveyed 200 students from three universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The results found that social media is frequently used by students for educational activities like communication, sharing ideas, and interacting with others. Students generally have a favorable attitude towards using social media. There were also significant differences found in social media usage and attitudes between male and female students, as well as across the three universities. The study recommends incorporating social media into university curriculums to enhance education.
Online social networking and the academic achievement of university students ...Alexander Decker
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This document examines the relationship between online social networking and the academic achievement of university students in selected Nigerian universities. It discusses several studies that have investigated social networking usage patterns and effects. The study aimed to determine if relationships exist between academic achievement and time spent on social networking sites, gender differences in usage, and differences between universities. A questionnaire was administered to 400 students across 3 universities to collect data on social networking usage and academic performance. Statistical analysis found significant relationships between academic achievement and time spent online, as well as differences related to gender and university attended.
The Use Of Social Networking Sites among the Undergraduate Students of Sokoin...musadoto
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This document presents a study on the use of social networking sites among undergraduate students at Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania. It includes an abstract, introduction, literature review, and methodology section. The introduction provides background on the growth of social networking sites at the university since 2011. It also identifies the objectives as examining the types of social media used by students and the extent of their usage. The methodology section describes the study area as Sokoine University, a sample size of 100 undergraduate students, and data collection through questionnaires and observation.
A REVIEW ON USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES BY ACADEMICIANS AND RESEARCHERSErica Thompson
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This document reviews the use of social networking sites by academicians and researchers based on existing literature. It discusses how academicians and researchers can benefit from social networking sites, including sharing ideas, collaborating, accessing resources, communicating with others in their field, and promoting their work. Specific social networking platforms for academic purposes are examined, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, LinkedIn, Mendeley and Zotero. The literature shows that these academic social networking sites allow users to find and interact with other researchers, share updates and publications, track the impact of their work, and develop their professional networks.
A Concise report on Android Culture and It mediation on Social Networking SitesPanacea
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This document is a term paper on the use of Android culture and social networking for academic purposes among students in Bangladesh. It includes an abstract, introduction on social networking and education, conceptual framework, literature review, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, and conclusion. The paper aims to study students' perceptions of using Android phones for social networking and its impact on their academics. A survey was conducted of 220 students across universities in Chittagong. Most respondents reported social networking had a positive impact on their studies by facilitating communication and sharing of academic resources, though some spent too much time on non-academic activities. The paper concludes that while social media can support education if used properly, policymakers must also address potential overuse that distracts
This document provides a review of related literature on social networks and social media. It discusses both foreign and local literature on how social networks allow individuals to connect and share interests online. The document also examines how governments and organizations are using social media as a public relations tool to engage with stakeholders.
1 Running Head Life with Social Media Life with Social Media .docxdorishigh
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Running Head: Life with Social Media
Life with Social Media 5
Life with Social Media
Reem Boushahri
April 1, 2015
Life with Social Media
The Internet has a strong capability to connect, mobilize, and influence people all over the world. Rapid technological progress has already made the internet a commonplace. Due to the impetuous development of technology, the relationship between people has undergone through significant changes. A notable change is particularly, the tools which people use to communicate with each other. Such tools include the web and social media, such as Facebook, that human depend on for easy communication. Social media is important for us, because people stay connected with easy communication, supporting Economic and Business Relationships including Education.
Social Media first appeared with the American portal, Classmates.com, in 1995. The project was very successful and led to the emergence of more than a dozen of similar services within the following few years (“The History of Social Networking,” 2014). However, the official start of the boom of social media, in particular, social networks, is considered to be between the years 2003-2004. During this period, a number of social networks were launched such as, Facebook, MySpace, and LinkedIn (“The History of Social Networking,” 2014). It is important to note that LinkedIn was created in order to establish/maintain business contacts. As for MySpace and Facebook, their sole purpose was primarily based on meeting self-expression as a human need. Notably, according to Maslow's pyramid, self-expression is the highest human need, ahead of recognition and communication (McLeod, 2007).
Social media has enable people from different walks of life to easily connect and communicate through social networks. Without such media, it would have been nearly impossible to communicate and keep intimate relationship with a person from a different continent. Today, such connection and communication has been possible because social media has identified the trends in the development of the Internet in the direction of integration, by combining features into single multi-user web-based platforms (Deen, 2012 ). These platforms allow users to chat with friends, read news, watch movies, listen to music, share the information with other users, take part in discussions, create community with people worldwide., Such opportunities are concentrated on a single social network site.
Social media has a formed a community where people share their experiences and common interests. As Scheepers and Stockdale (2014) posits, social networking has become a kind of "online shelter", where everyone can find a technical and social base to create their virtual identity (pp. 31). In addition, each user has the opportunity, not only to communicate and create, but also to share th ...
The document discusses utilizing weight allocation in a term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) environment to identify and remove noisy data from social media for improved customer segmentation and targeted advertising. Specifically, it aims to recognize keywords that can help cluster social media users based on demographics and behaviors while eliminating uninfluential data. The approach assigns higher weight to words that frequently appear in a document but rarely in the entire collection compared to common words.
This document discusses how social media and new technologies are changing how students learn and access information. It provides statistics showing students are increasingly going online at earlier ages and using mobile devices and social media. This shift requires schools and libraries to guide students in developing digital literacy and citizenship skills. The document reviews various social media and collaboration tools libraries can implement, such as blogs, wikis and video sites. It emphasizes the importance of libraries developing social media policies and using new tools to help students learn effectively in the digital age.
Social media or social networking is a universal phenomenon. Social media basically refers to any technology that facilitates the dissemination and sharing of information over the Internet. The key purpose of using social media tools to engage others through electronic means, facilitate professional communication, improve student comprehension. enhance student networking, and enable collaboration with other students around the globe. Social media applications include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google , which are popular among our students. Some social media tools are powerful drivers of change for teaching and learning practices. This paper provides the best social media networks for education and how they are being applied in various areas in education. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Sunday S. Adekunte | Sarhan M. Musa "Social Media in Education: A Primer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33011.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/world-wide-web/33011/social-media-in-education-a-primer/matthew-n-o-sadiku
This document discusses the use of social media in education. It begins by defining social media and examples like magazines, forums, blogs, podcasts. It distinguishes social media, social networking, and e-learning. Social media allows information sharing while social networking facilitates relationships and e-learning uses technology for education. The document outlines advantages of social networking for staying connected and looking up contacts. It discusses using platforms like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube in classrooms for discussions. While social media provides opportunities for collaboration and knowledge sharing, it can also be distracting and encourage conformity over independent thinking.
This document discusses the use of social media in education. It begins by defining social media and examples of different social media technologies. It distinguishes social media, social networking, and e-learning. Some advantages of social networking in education are maintaining connections and accessing profiles for information. Challenges include distraction and pressure to conform. The document explores using platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube in the classroom and their benefits, such as facilitating discussion. It outlines channels of social media use and both advantages, like collaborative learning, and disadvantages, like shallow engagement and avoiding failure.
A stronger shield against electromagnetic radiation is produced by the negative ion sticker. High-quality metal was used to create this sticker, which is intended to reflect electromagnetic waves and stop them from entering your environment. Additionally, it inhibits the damage that these radiations might do to your body .
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In the comprehensive digital statistics report covering social media and internet by Slideshare in January of 2015, the following are described. Facebook is the number one among popular social media networks according to active user statistics. User numbers determined by up-to-date researches in 2015 are giving statistics of Turkey and World social media and internet use as follows: Internet users among world population (7.095.476.818) are 2.484.915.152 (35%) while active social networking users are 1.856.680.860 (26%). Facebook with the most active users (1.184M) among social platforms is followed by Qzone (632M), Google plus (300M) and Linkedin (259M) respectively. In Turkey, the most used social media platforms are Facebook (93%), Twitter (72%), Google plus (70%) and Linkedin (33%). With a population of 80.694.485, Turkey’s internet users are numbered 35.990.932 while active number of Facebook users are 36.000.000. As Turkish users, an average of 4 hours 37 minutes is spent in internet and 2 hours 56 minutes of this duration is spent in social media.
"Social networks constitute the greatest global information platform on the Internet today. They have become an indispensable part of our daily lives as people spend more time socializing on the Internet. They have witnessed their collective fortunes rise as they become ubiquitous in our lives. The penetration of these technologies into the popular culture has been pervasive. However, creating online social networks raises privacy concerns of possible misuse. This paper provides a brief introduction to social networking and its diverse applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa ""Social Networking"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21657.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21657/social-networking/matthew-n-o-sadiku"
Social media is a collection of internet-based tools that allow users to share information, text, photos, audio, and video seamlessly. Popular social media sites include Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. Facebook is currently the leading global social networking platform, launched in 2004 for Harvard students and opened publicly in 2006. Social networks are increasingly being used for professional networking in industries and education, as well as for grassroots organizing.
The Implementation of Social Media for Educational Objectivestheijes
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
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1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 4 Issue 9 || September. 2015 || PP.33-40
www.ijhssi.org 33 | P a g e
Social Media Tools for Academic Library Services
Eness M. Miyanda Chitumbo (MLIS)
Library department, University of Zambia.
ABSTRACT: Today, SMTs have become very popular among students and the young generation, which gives
academic libraries an opportunity to use them to engage with their communities outside the library walls.
According to the Internet live statistics, over 3 trillion (40%) people globally are using the Internet out of which
about 74% are engaged in social media tools. With this in mind, this study explored ways through which
academic Libraries in Zambia can exploit SMTs to promote library services to both existing and potential users
(students and lecturers). The study took the case of the University of Zambia (UNZA) and National Institute of
Public Administration (NIPA) Libraries in Zambia. Study used both qualitative and quantitative methods of
study while study instruments included questionnaires and interview guides. Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) and content analysis were used to analyze data. The study established that over 80% of
respondents (both librarians and students) are already engaged in SMTs except that they use SMTs for
socializing and not for academic purposes. The two institutions also do not have roadmaps on SMTs adoption.
Identified methods though which libraries can incorporate SMTs in their service delivery included the creating
social links, pages and blogs onto the library website each with accounts of all students/users, establishing a
social media librarian position to be responsible for all activities on social media platforms, and to come up
with a roadmap on SMTs adoption. In order to have a smooth adoption of STMs, the study noted the following
requirements: adequate Internet facilities, establish an SMT policy to provide guidance on access and use of
SMTs on the institutional network, and to conduct sensitization and training programs on how to access and use
SMTs. However, more than 80% of the respondents indicated that they would support its adoption because of
the many benefits associated with SMTs.
Keywords: Social media tools, Information, Library services, library users.
I. INTRODUCTION
The high increase in the demand for information worldwide has lead to increased access to the Internet and
mobile communication. This has further opened up doors to the emerging of broader communication and much
more user friendly platforms such as the social media tools. Over 3 trillion people, (Representing 40% of the
global population) are using the Internet. Out of this number, about 74% are engaged in social media tools.
About one in four people globally are using the Social medial tools [1].
1.1 Social media tools: What are they?
Social media has been defined and explained in different words by different scholars and experts. But in all
these definitions, it clearly that social media tools are online tools whose principle aim is to offer social
interactions and exchange of items/products between and or among people with common interests. Participants
enjoy social relationships and informal exchange of ideas, products, etc. Social media has been broadly defined
to refer to 'the many relatively inexpensive and widely accessible electronic tools that enable people to publish
and access information, collaborate on common issues, or build relationships[2].
Even though there are various types of Social media tools existing with different characteristics, user
demographics and functionalities, they all have one common purpose which is to allow participants to interact
with both the website as well as with other people. For example, Social Bookmarking tools like
del.icio.us, Blinklist, Simpy, etc allow people to interact by tagging websites and searching through websites
bookmarked by other people. Social News tools such as Digg, Propeller and twitter allow users to interact
through voting for and commenting on news articles. Social Networking tools such as Facebook, Hi5, WhatsApp
and LinkedIn allow participants to interact by adding friends, commenting on people’s profiles, joining groups
and having discussions. Social Photo and Video Sharing tools such as YouTube, Flickr, and Instagram allow
participants to interact by sharing photos or videos and commenting on user submissions. Wikis like
Wikipedia, Wikia allow people to interact by adding articles and editing existing articles [3].
Social networking as a social structure allows users to interact and work collaboratively with others [4]. Users
are able to browse, search, invite friends to connect and interact with web world. She emphasizes that the when
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social software in the web 2.0 world is applied in library service delivery, it does not only enhance the practical
usability in the library but it adds value to librarianship as a profession.
The prominent examples of social media networks include Wikipedia (a general reference tool), Facebook and
LinkedIn (social and business networking), YouTube (video sharing), Digg and Twitter (news and information
sharing), Flickr and Instagram (photo sharing), blogs and other sites that have content based on user
participation and user-generated content (UGC).
1.2. Common characteristics of Social media Tools as unanimously understood by most scholars
ď‚· Interactive: Social media facilitates interaction and engagement between/among users. This improves
communication and relationships.Social networks are no longer used for charting and forums only. For
example facebook offers applications that allow participants to play games or challenge a friend to a chess
tournament. SMTs now offer more remarkable platforms that allow for discussing and sharing of valuable
issues like academics and business strategies. Social networks have become more than just entertainment
but ways of connecting and sharing services while enjoying fun with friends [5].
ď‚· User-Centered: Online social networks are developed and directed by the users. Without the users, the
network would be an empty space filled with empty forums, applications, and chat rooms. Through
conversations and content, users keep populating these sites. This makes social networks exciting and
dynamic to users.
ď‚· Community-driven: Social networks are built and thrive from community concepts. Just like communities or
social groups worldwide are founded on common beliefs or hobbies, social networks are based on the same
principle. Within most modern online social networks today, you'll find sub-communities of people who
share similar commonalities/interests or have common background. These may include alumni of a
particular high school, backers’ association, professions, etc. This exercise does not only help participants
discover new friends with similar interest in that community, but can also helps them to reconnect with old
friends they had lost contact with many years ago[5]
ď‚· Flexible: Social media features can easily be manipulated or tailored to meet specific needs of any user
group.
ď‚· Relationships: The more relationships one has or makes within the network, the more established one
becomes towards the center of that network. Any update one makes on their page reaches out across a
network of contacts and sub-contacts much larger than one may realize.
1.3. Why use social networks?
People from all walks of life, regardless of their skin colour, education, social status, nationality, etc are using
social networks. Organizations big and small are realizing great and dynamic benefits from the use of these
tools. It has been revealed that online social networks are already being used by most popular Web sites. Today,
social networks have improved the way people and industries transact, communicate and create relationships
with colleagues, peers and or prospective clients. People in different locations are able to converse with one
another as though they were in one room. Distance between or among the people involved is no longer a barrier
[6]. It brings electronic communication to near face-to-face where everyone can create and communicate
content instantly.
Today’s technological era has also seen social media increasingly being used by libraries to engage with their
communities outside the library walls. With SMTs becoming more popular among students and the young
generation, academic libraries have found an opportunity to employ SMTs not only to promote services and
resources but to engage with both current and prospective patrons.
As libraries desire to remain relevant to the present-day audiences, social media becomes an essential tool in
persuading and maintaining relationships with users who are already engrossed into the social networking age.
In addition to marketing, SMTs provides librarians and opportunity to engage their patrons in conversations
which help establish and build useful relationships with them. Since the use of social media tools bring on
board the modern day students, such an aspect must compel academic libraries to use these same tools if only
they have to remain effective and reach out to their largest group of clients (Young generation). For instance, It
is further reported that a study by Pew Research Center found that the use of mobile devices, especially Smart
phones have given an opportunity to more than half of teens in America to participate in social networking sites
such as facebook and Instagram. Seventy-one percent of these teens do not just use one social media tool but a
number of them [7]. Therefore, through simple conversations with users on social sites, libraries can gain
insights into what their users want. They will ultimately understand user information needs better.
With these facts presented, this research, therefore, set out to explore possible ways through which academic
libraries can use SMTs to provide services to users (students and their lecturers). The study took the case of the
University Of Zambia (UNZA) And National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA) Libraries in Zambia.
3. Social Media Tools for Academic…
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1.4. University of Zambia Main Library
The University of Zambia Main library is academic libraries in Zambia. It was officially opened in August 1969.
The building which was designed to hold 300,000 volumes of books with sitting capacity of 1,650 is now forced
to accommodate and serve over 24, 000 full-time students in the year 2015. Even though wireless internet
connections in some parts of the university help some students access academic literature outside the library,
not all library services are full accessible online. This therefore means that users will still need to visit the
library at one point or another.
UNZA library exists to offer a special platform that allows for quality, efficient, current and user-tailored
services that support learning, teaching, research and community service even beyond the university
community. This is because it has been designated to serve as a National Reference Library. This demands that
the library offers diverse services as well as resources that would meet the different information needs of all its
clients. It also implies that the library should be well vested into most trendy technology that would ensure
effective and efficient service delivery to all its users. With Internet connections in the library and some parts of
the university, the use of SMTs therefore would come-in handy in supporting library service delivery.
1.5. National Institute of Public Administration Library
The National Institute of Public Administration was established in 1963 by the British Colonial government to
serve as a Staff Training College (STC). In 1966 the college changed to National Institute of Public
Administration (NIPA) and in 1998 it was transformed into a semi-autonomous public institution under the Act
No 15 of 1998. This meant that NIPA lost its monopoly over public sector training, research and consultancy
and had to compete with other institutions in the liberalized market.
As a training institute, NIPA established its library specifically to provide information services meant to support
the core activities of the institution, which is learning, teaching, research and Consultancy. With the mission of
the library to provide high quality information services to both students, lecturers and researchers, the use of
SMTs to provide service to users would really be appreciated.
1.6. Problem Statement
Although Social medial tools have been in existence for quite some time and have become popular among the
young generation who are mostly students and professionals, they have not been widely used in academic
libraries in Zambia. Literature has indicated that many libraries world over are already experimenting with
different SMTs to interact with and provide service to their patrons in a more direct way, yet libraries in Zambia
seem not to take up this opportunity. Research further reveals that much effort has been made in developed
countries like the USA and Europe to promote the use of SMTs in academic libraries but very little has been
done in most African countries such as Zambia. This study therefore intended to understand ways though which
SMTs can be used in academic libraries in developing countries like Zambia to provide service to users.
The use of SMTs in academic libraries would solve the challenge of sitting space and internet facilities to cater
for all enrolled students at these institutions. For instance UNZA library which was initially designed to sit
about 1,650 readers is now forced to serve more than 18,000 students in the year 2015. This is due to over-
enrollment which does not march the infrastructural development. Ayiah and Kumah have argued that in the
light of STMs, most challenges faced by African Academic Libraries can be sorted out. For example, libraries
can use SMTS to handle most of their services such as promotions, responding to queries, providing e-resources
and interacting with patrons online [8]. This will not only reduce the workload of the few staff available but
also solve the problem of reading space in the library since patrons can transact online. There is need for the
library to take up opportunities Internet offers through SMTs that will promote social interaction and service
delivery between library and its users without physically sitting in the library.
The way forward is for academic libraries to use Internet connections that already exist to identify appropriate
Social networking sites to bring about efficiency in service provision. The various Internet laboratories and
wireless hotspots available are a starting point that both members of staff and students can use.
1.7. Study aims
Focusing on UNZA & NIPA Libraries, this study therefore explored ways through which academic libraries in
Zambia can engage social media tools towards promoting their services to both existing and potential users.
Main Objective
ď‚· To explore ways through which academic libraries can use SMTs to promote library services.
Specific Objectives were to
ď‚· Determine SMTs popularity among students and librarians
ď‚· Assess the availability of road maps on SMTs integration and use
ď‚· Identify possible strategies of incorporating SMTs in library service provision
ď‚· Evaluate the support for the adoption of SMTs from the user community
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1.8. Significance of the study
Social media tools offer libraries an opportunity to link up with clients outside library walls, regardless of
whether the library is open or not. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will provide possible
strategies of using social media tools in service delivery in academic libraries not only in Zambia but other
countries that have not yet exploited such an opportunity. This is a wakeup call to most librarians to consider
using trendy technologies to effectively provide service to their trendy users and hence remain effective.
It is further anticipated that the results of this research will provide a wider picture on the use of and available
social media tools, focusing beyond the common platforms such as Facebook, MySpace, etc, which have been
the focus of most past studies. This will present to stakeholders an opportunity to learn and choose the most
appropriate tools based on need.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. SMTs, general
There are many efforts that stem from Internet use. The way people use it and where they use it to connect has
remained dynamic. So many Internet applications have emerged among them social media tools/sites. These
make life much more interesting. Social media tools have an amazing impact on almost every aspect of people’s
lives. These applications allow people to learn new things, share experiences and information with one another.
Users are provided with unlimited possibilities and a whole new world of communities. According to Nielsen
Company [9] and Pew Research Center [10], Internet users continue to spend more time with social media sites
than any other type of site. People spend about 20% of their total time online via personal computer, and 30%
via mobile. The total time spent on social media in the U.S. on PCs and mobile devices increased from 88
billion in July 2011 to 121 billion minutes in July 2012, giving an increase of 37%. Facebook remains the most
visited social network in the U.S. with 152.2 million visitors via PC and 78.4 million users via mobile
applications. Other most popular social networks were Twitter and Interest.
Social media can be said to be integrated technology that allows users to generate their own content and share
it with others.
2.2. Benefits in using SMTs
In their study on the possibility of linking a social networking site to the library’s web page, Ayiah and Kumah
[8] found that as a new technology, social networking sites offer libraries an opportunity to reach out to their
clients. SMTs allow academic Libraries to link their clients to social networking site from the library web page;
patrons are able to participate in live discussions with peers and professionals on issues pertaining to various
academic as well as library issues. The social media platforms also allow libraries to advertise their programs.
In their research, the findings indicated that students endorse the linking of social networking site to the
Library’s web page to facilitate collaborations between the library and the University community. The results
further showed that the used SMT among students and researchers was Facebook with 93.9% followed by
Twitter with 3%.
Meanwhile Tang, Gu, and Whinston [11] have also argued that the benefits of participating in social media to
content contributors have exceeded the simple sharing of information with peers to help them (authors) build
their career opportunities while generating money.
A survey by Tyler on the use of social media by Welsh libraries revealed that a combination of different
applications of social media is helpful in reaching unique audiences. For example, libraries can promote their
new acquisitions, events and resources using different tools. Other social media applications help libraries get
their patron's feedback and to ensure maximum engagement of their users in the production of products and
services [12]. Taylor and Francis explored how libraries could promote awareness of their social media
channels and activities to their target groups. The surveys found that once libraries decided to use SMTs, a
significant effort was required for resources and services promotion to users or they will not be used [13].
2.3. Integrating SMTs in promoting library services
The study by Taylor and Francis further revealed that the most popular way of promoting library social media
channels was through links from library websites followed by posters, Google groups and mobile applications.
Once students are registered, they could transact with library staff using their phone i.e. could book a computer
or a room via mobile. While other more personal approaches mentioned included word of mouth, and adding
links to email signatures. It is however argued that websites and email signatures are more likely to be limited
to audiences that one communicates with. Cross-promotion of social media services was also frequently been
used, (e.g. across other library and institutional channels) with links to Twitter from a library social
bookmarking site like Delicious. Other typical promotions include postcards to advertise library’s social media
pages [13]
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2.4. Challenges
Taylor and Francis however found that some people are skeptical about SMTs. They argue that it is difficult to
predict how social media and its use will evolve into i.e. so many applications coming on while people keep
moving from one app to another. SMTs also pose a challenge too much information to people that are already
saturated with information. The explanation is that humans tend to be limited on how much information they
can assimilate [13]. Other challenges as mentioned by other scholars include lack of privacy as people keep
posting to each other, less reliable on information sources since anyone can say or post anything even without
proof, lack of ownership, reduced face-to-face communication hence lack of emotional touch, etc. ([14]; [15];
[16]).
III. METHODS OF RESEARCH
The study used both quantitative and qualitative designs. Data collection was done through the use of
self-administered questionnaires and Interviews. Meanwhile, the questionnaires further had both closed and
open-ended questions. The use of interviews as well as open-ended questions was to provide for qualitative data
while the use of closed-ended questions in the questionnaire provided for quantitative data. The aim of
combining the two research methods was for the purpose of gathering in-depth understanding of people’s
opinions and experiences into the research. It was further meant to capture information not captured by the
other research method.
Before the research instruments were used, they were pilot--tested on a group of students and Library staff at
the University of Zambia. This was to identify weaknesses, biases or ambiguity on the key terms used in the data
collection instruments. After piloting both instruments, it was felt that students and library staff needed to have
a separate set of questions based on what they each do and how they would each exploit the social media tools.
From the same exercise, some questions were added, rephrased, deleted or merged based on suitability to the
study. A sample size of 130 (30 Librarians and 100 students) was randomly selected to answer questionnaires
while two Chief Librarian from each institution were purposively sampled for interviews. The data collected
through closed ended questions in the questionnaires was analyzed by SPSS while responses for open-ended
questions in the questionnaires and interviews were analysed thematically or by content analysis.
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Bio data
Out of the target sample of 130 for the questionnaires, 124 answered and returned the questionnaires for data
analysis. This gave us a response rate of 95%. Of these respondents, 94 were students and 30 were Librarians.
The average age was 21-30 years; 9 (7%) were below 20 years, 73 (59%) between 21-30 years, 24 (19%)
between 31-40 and 18 (15%) were above 40 years. Sex: 62 (50%) were males and 57 (46%) were females and 5
(4%) did not respond. Among Librarians, 3 were library assistants with certificate, 10 were senior Library
Assistant with Diploma, 11 were Assistant Librarian with first degree, 5 were Librarians with masters and 1
Senior Librarian with a PhD. Among the 100 students, 22 (18%) were in their 1st
year, 23 (19%) in 2nd
year, 13
(10%) in 3rd
year, 17(14%) in 4th
year, 1 (1%) was post graduate while 18(14%) did not indicate their years of
study.
For interviews, 2 Chief Librarians were interviewed from the two institutions.
3.2. Popularity of SMTs among students and librarians
In examining this variable, respondents were asked three questions. Firstly they were asked if they used Social
Media Tools (SMTs) for any purpose. Their responses are shown in TABLE 1below:
Table I: Use of social media tools
Response Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 103 83.1
No 19 15.3
No response
(NR)
2 1.6
Total 124 100
Secondly, the participants were asked to state the SMTs they used in order of their preference. From this, the
study wanted to establish the most popular tools among the target groups. The responses from both students and
librarians revealed that Facebook was the most preferred SMT, followed by Twitter, You tube, LinkedIn,
MySpace, WhatsApp, Skype, Blackberry messenger (BBM), Flickr, Hi5, and Instagram. Other strange
mentioned and least used tools included 2go, Eskimi, Netlog, Mxit, Twoo, ChatOn, Viber, Waplog, Badoo, Qeep
and Kiki messenger. Responses for the top 13 preferred and used SMTs are recorded in fig. 1 below:-
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Figure 1: Social media tools one uses in order of preference
Thirdly, the participants were asked to recommend the best tools libraries should use to reach out and
communicate to users. The recommended top eight SMTs were Facebook with 63 responses, Twitter (49
responses), YouTube (37 responses), LinkedIn (13 responses), MySpace (9 responses), WhatsApp (4 responses),
Skype (4 responses) and Hi5 with 4 responses. Others were Flickr (3), BBM (2), Badoo and Kiki messenger.
Regardless of what each of these respondents used SMTs for, the assumption based on these results could be
that the majority of students (as indicated in table 1) are already using SMTs, for whatever purposes.
Therefore, using the same tools for academic purposes through library social pages would fit in well. Actually,
more that 90% of UNZA students already have access to social networks on a daily basis from their mobile
phones. Commenting on the same aspect, Ayiah and Kumah state that what distinguishes today’s patrons from
the past generation is their intense reliance on technology like smart phones, iPods, computers, and access to
the Internet [8]. This further means that lack of enough internet facilities like computers in libraries will not be
an issue because students will comfortably use their mobile gadgets to access library services via social links.
The findings are further encouraging because about 17 students indicated that they already use SMTs to get
academic information. They would post questions to friends on Facebook and would get responses. Some
participates in online lessons and discussions on academic issues such as online lectures on You tube. Such
students could be used as champions in spearheading the use of SMTs in libraries and encourage other
students.
Additionally, since out of 30 librarians that participated, 25 said that they use SMTs, it makes a strong point of
argument that the use of the same tools for library services would not be a problem at all. A combination of a
larger number of students and librarians using SMTs would lead to successful utilization of these tools for the
benefit of both the library and users.
Chitumbo and Chewe argue that for every project to be successful, all stakeholders need to get involved right
from the start, i.e. from planning stage through to implementation stage. Once this is done, everyone will feel a
sense of responsibility and ownership of the project. Hence everyone will strive to succeed [17]. So when
respondents were given an opportunity to recommend SMTs they would love the library to use, it was one way
of making them feel part of the project. The library will also have to act on students’ recommendations, starting
with most recommended tools up to the least recommended. This also increases the possibility of such a project
being successful because you expect maximum cooperation from users at every stage.
With these deliberations, libraries are therefore encouraged to make use of this opportunity SMTs provides in
order to remain focused as well as effective in their service provision, especially to present-day population. The
results of this research must give libraries a greater advantage to exploit available social media tools because
the majority of their target group is already engaged with the same tools. It could also be a good starting point
for librarians to familiarize themselves with the various new social networking tools in order to gain experience.
Once the library is ready to take up such challenge, there would be a considerable amount of experience and
enthusiasm among library staff to engage with these tools in order to deliver their library service in different
ways, or reach different audiences, or even try new communication methods [12].
The results further suggest that libraries must consider recommended SMTs as they plan to adopt SMTs in their
services. They needed to start with what the “users and would be users” have recommended and are
comfortable with. This way, the probability of failing is near to zero.
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3.3. Road map
To establish whether the institutions had put in place any plan of activities towards using SMTs to reach out to
their user communities, the research established that they both had no clear roadmap. For example 30
questionnaire respondents said that their institutions did not have a roadmap on SMTs adoption, 93 were not
sure and 1 simply did not respond. The same kind of response came from interviews. NIPA Librarian said they
do not have a road map but as head of library department, she plans to have a facebook page to host notices
and information on what the library has. Using the same page, she says, students will have an opportunity to
make comments. Meanwhile UNZA Librarian revealed that there were no formal arrangements although there
was a facebook page on the institutional website. He went on to explain that:
“In terms of a formal road map, the library has not yet implemented one. Though right now there are
consultations going on among key stakeholders on how an overall institutional social media policy
should be framed.”
With these results, it becomes clear that most, if not all academic Libraries in Zambia have no laid down plans
to formally integrate SMTs in service delivery and promotion. This study therefore recommends the development
of social media policies in institutions of higher learning so as to promote the use of such tools.
3.4. Possible strategies on incorporating SMTs in library service provision
As one other way of involving the target group, the study endeavored to get respondents’ opinions on how best
libraries would fit in SMTs in their service provision. Their responses were as follows:-
ď‚· Libraries can create social links such as facebook page, fan-pages and library blogs onto the library
website. Such platforms would allow interaction between library and users and among users. They can
also be used as marketing tools for library resources and services, while students would be able to
access and share concerns and experiences on library services with peers. For example a survey by
Tyler reported that some libraries were using twitter and blogs for resources/event promotion and
updates, wikis and facebook for sharing information and delicious for tagging websites [12].
ď‚· Creation of accounts for all students on social media platforms to ensure easy and equal participation
among users on the available network. Providing accounts to UNZA students for example would not be
a problem because most students (Over 90%) already have access to social networks on a daily basis
from their mobile phones and hence have accounts. Commenting on the same aspect, Ayiah and Kumah
state that what distinguishes today’s patrons from the past generation is their intense reliance on
technology like smart phones, iPods, computers, and access to the Internet [8]. This on the other hand
signifies continued use of SMTs even if internet facilities because students will comfortably use their
mobile gadgets to access library services via social links.
ď‚· Libraries should create a position for social media librarian who should be responsible for all
activities on social media.
ď‚· Come up with a roadmap on how SMTs will be adopted, stage by stage, starting with the most
preferred and used SMTs in the study.
ď‚· Establish an SMT policy to guide the use of SMTs on the institutional network
3.5. Support of the adoption of SMTs
Meanwhile when the respondents were asked if they would support the adoption and use of SMTs, the larger
population (more than 80%) indicated that they would support it. This includes both interview ad questionnaire
respondents. See fig.2 below for their responses:-
Figure 2: Support of SMTs
The fact that people are willing to support the SMTs’ adoption, it is an indication that SMTs would be accepted
and used by the majority. It is further expected that the transitional process of adopting SMTs would be smooth.
This therefore gives an encouragement to libraries to actively engage in the use of SMTs to market their
services in order to experience their benefits claimed by many scholars. For instance, Chitumbo and Chewe
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(2015) revealed that SMTs offer more than just traditional ways of marketing library services; they enable
libraries to engage with a wider audience at a less cost while allowing users to create content, connect,
converse, contribute, vote and share information with peers. Social media is therefore helpful in accessing
information needs of online users and helps libraries to get closer to the users.
3.6. Study Recommendations
To allow successful adoption of SMTs, the study recommends the following:-
ď‚· Creation of social links like fan-pages and blogs to the institutional or library websites through which
services, resources and events can be promoted. To this effect, it is further recommended (as proposed
by one Librarian interviewed) to have a position of a social media librarian responsible for such
activities.
ď‚· Develop a road map to show systematic stages through which the adoption of SMTs will take.
ď‚· Put in place deliberate programs meant to raise awareness and re-skilling of library staff and students
on the use of appropriate SMTs. This can be done at institutional, Association or Consortia levels.
ď‚· Establish policy guidelines on information access and use such as restricting use of SMTs on
institutional owned Internet access points to academic purposes only.
ď‚· Expand Internet access points and improve facilities such as computer labs and wireless/hot spots.
IV. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the study established that over 80% of respondents are already engaged in SMTs, except
they are using them mostly for social and entertainment purposes and not for academic purposes. The seven (7)
top most commended SMTs were Facebook, followed by Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, MySpace, WhatsApp and
Skype. Even though both institutions had no roadmap for SMTs adoption, the study brought out several
strategies through which SMTs can be adopted by libraries. These included the creation of social links, pages
and blogs onto the library website with accounts for all students/users, establishment of a social media librarian
position to be responsible for all activities on social media, come up with a roadmap on SMTs adoption, and to
create social media policy. To allow for a successful adoption process, the study recommended improved and
adequate Internet facilities, sensitization programs to raise awareness and skill-training on the use of
appropriate SMTs starting with most recommended in the study, and creation of SMTs policy to guide on SMTs
use. The study further established that more than 80% of the respondents indicated that they would support the
adoption of SMTs and use in their institutions due to benefits associated with them.
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