1. The manipulated variable was the presence of water, with two levels - watered and not watered. The responding variable was the freshness of the plant, which was either fresh or wilted. 2. It was predicted that if the speed of the fan increased, the position of the air bubble would be more than 7.8 cm. One hypothesis stated that the faster the speed of the fan, the higher the position of the air bubble. 3. The manipulated variable in the surface experiment was the type of surface, which had three levels - soft surface, rough surface, and surface with grease. The responding variable was the reading of the spring balance.

1. Pecutan Kognitif © Cikgu Hamzah 2009 Science Process Skills – Question No.8 Page 10 - 17

2. Kemahiran membina T able O f C ontent “ T . O . C “ Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan B8

3. What have changed? What is change ? What have changed? What is change ? Page 10

4. What is change? What have changed? Page 10 watered Not watered Presence of Water Fresh plant Wilted plant freshness of plant What is change? What have changed? Simple Sentence Structure. How to get the information from the diagram @ How to prepare Table Of Contents, 'TOC' Congratulation! TOC have done. PMR 2008 How to convey the contents @ ideas M A S M A S

6. Page 10 4. Hypothesis @ relationship @ Conclusion . Funny but honey The ………….., the ……….. , the ………. the ………… Simple Sentence Structure. The examples of comparative word. Longer @ shorter darker @ brighter bigger @ smaller faster @ slower increase @ decrease more @ less higher @ lower rougher @ smoother Comparative word manipulated variable Comparative word responding variable is similar to is similar to Hypothesis relationship Conclusion

7. Page 10 5. Observation @ Comparison @ difference Funny but honey The ………… (labelled ?) is ……………..than ……………… Simple Sentence Structure. The examples of comparative word. Longer @ shorter darker @ brighter bigger @ smaller faster @ slower increase @ decrease more @ less higher @ lower rougher @ smoother Responding Variable Object 1 ( labelled P ) Comparative word Object 2 (labelled Q) is similar to is similar to Observation Comparison difference

10. What is change? What have changed? watered Not watered Presence of Water Fresh plant Wilted plant freshness of plant What is change? What have changed? T O C S S S S U C CE SS

11. SSS lantai T I A N G Dinding atap Berfikir secara berperingkat-peringkat

12. S o a l n a S o a l a n a a l o dijadikan Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan . Menfaatkan Soalan Anda. l

13. Kemahiran membina T able O f C ontent “ T . O . C “ Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan B8

14. Develop the skill in making the “ T able O f C ontents “ Page 12 What is change? What changed? 1.Diagram 2.Table 3.Graph

15. watered Not watered Presence of Water fresh wilted freshness of plant Under moving fan Exposed to sunlight condition 6.6 cm 7.8 cm Position of the air bubble Under moving fan Exposed to sunlight situation 6.6 cm 7.8 cm Position of air bubble What is change? What have changed? What is change? What is change? What have changed? What have changed? How to get the information from the diagram? How to get the information from the table? How to get the information from the graph? Page 12 8 6 4 2 0 PMR 2008 Please prepare the Table Of Contents, 'TOC'

16. What is change? What changed? Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = S imple S entence S tructure ) (a) Inference Page 11 Plant Q wilted ……………… . because ……………………………………. water loses more than water absorb pokok Q layu ………………… kerana ……………………………………….. air hilang lebih banyak dari air diserap …………… .…… …. affects ………………………… What changed + Why it changed What have changed ? Kehadiran air mempengaruhi Kesegaran pokok Simple Sentence Structure. watered Not watered Presence of Water Plant P Fresh Freshness of plant. PMR 2008 Manipulated variable Manipulated variable 1m

17. What is change? What have changed? Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = S imple S entence S tructure ) (b) i. Manipulated variable watered Not watered Presence of Water ……………… .. and ………………….. Or ………………………………………… Page 11 PMR 2008 SSS Fresh plant Wilted plant freshness of plant 1m 1m

18. What is change? What have changed? Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = S imple S entence S tructure ) (b) ii. responding variable …………… .. and ………………….. Or ………………………………………… Fresh / segar Wilted / layu Freshness of plant. Kesegaran pokok Page 11 SSS watered Not watered Presence of Water 1m 1m

19. What is change? What changed? Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = S imple S entence S tructure ) (b) iii. fixed variable ……… .. Of ………….. type of tree Page 11 SSS watered Not watered Presence of Water Fresh plant Wilted plant freshness of plant What is similar? same 1m

20. Under moving fan Exposed to sunlight condition 6.6 cm 7.8 cm Position of the air bubble What have changed? Page 12 Page 13 ( d ) (i ) Predict the position of air bubble if the speed of fan is increase . Ramalkan kedudukan gelembung udara jika kelajuan kipas bertambah. the position of air bubble is more than increase bertambah Kedudukan gelembung udara lebih dari 6.6 cm PMR 2008 What is change?

21. Under moving fan Exposed to sunlight condition 6.6 cm 7.8 cm Position of the air bubble What have changed? Page 12 Page 13 ( d ) (ii ) State one hypothesis relating the speed of the fan And the position of the air bubble . Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkait kelajuan kipas dengan kedudukan gelembung udara. The ………. the …………….., the ………… the …………………… speed of the fan Comparative word manipulated variable Comparative word responding variable position of the air bubble faster higher PMR 2008 SSS What is change? Longer @ shorter bigger @ smaller faster @ slower increase @ decrease more @ less higher @ lower

22. Under moving fan Exposed to sunlight condition 6.6 cm 7.8 cm Position of the air bubble What have changed? Page 13 ( e ) Define operationally the “ rate of transpiration “ . Definisikan secara operasi “ kadar transpirasi “. rate of transpiration PMR 2008 ……………………… .. is shown by ………………………….. SSS What to define ? responding variable kadar transpirasi ……………………… .. ditunjukkan oleh ………………………….. Apa yg hendak didefinisikan ? Pembolehubah bergbls Kedudukan gelembung udara What is change?

23. Exercise 2 Excellence By Doing © Cikgu Hamzah 2009 Page 14

24. S o a l n a S o a l a n a a l o dijadikan Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan . Supaya mendapat ? l sAhAbAt A A A

25. Kemahiran membina T able O f C ontent “ T . O . C “ Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan B8

26. Develop the skill in making the “ T able O f C ontents “ 1.Diagram 2.Table 3.Graph Page 14

27. Soft surface rough surface type of surface Tyre with thread Weared tyre Condition of tyre surface of The glass surface of The table Type of surface 4N 6N Reading of Spring balance Type of surface Reading of Spring balance What is change? What is change? What is change? What have changed? What have changed? What have changed? Manipulated variable Responding variable TOC from the diagram. TOC from the table. TOC from the graph. Please prepare the Table Of Contents, 'TOC' P Q Page 14

28. Please answer the questions. Page 15

30. ( b) i. Based on the table, draw a bar chart to show the reading of spring in the three types of surface. Berdasarkan jadual 8.2, lukisakan carta bar untuk menunjukkan bacaan neraca spring dalam 3 jenis permukaan . Remark / Catatan . 1. Size of Bar – must same size This answer Will be rejected. not Please draw the graph at page 14

31. ( c) i. State the manipulated variable involved in this experiment. Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan . Soft surface rough surface type of surface ………………………… .. and ……………………….. Or ………………… of ………………. What is change? What have changed? Tyre with thread Weared tyre Condition of tyre P Q 1m 1m

32. ( c) ii. State the responding variable involved in this experiment. Nyatakan pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas . Soft surface rough surface type of surface ……………………… .. and …………………. Or …… ……………….. Of ………………….. What is change? What have changed? Tyre with thread Weared tyre Condition of tyre P Q 1m 1m

33. ( c) iii. State the fixed variable involved in this experiment. Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimalarkan . …………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… .. type of tyre size of tyre What is change? What have changed? Soft surface rough surface type of surface Tyre with thread Weared tyre Condition of tyre P Q What is similar? same same 1m 1m

34. surface of the glass Type of surface 4N 6N Reading of Spring balance What is change? What is change? What have changed? What have changed? 4N 6N Reading of Spring balance surface of the glass surface of the table Type of surface ( d ) i. Predict the reading of spring balance if the surface of table is covered with a grease.. Ramalkan bacaan neraca spring jika permukaan meja disapu gris. …………………………………………………………………………… surface of the table is less than 6N Bacaan neraca spring lebih rendah dari 6 N reading of spring balance surface of table surface of the table grease

35. ( d ) ii. State one hypothesis relating the reading of spring balance and type of surface . Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkaitkan antara bacaan neraca spring dengan jenis permukaan . surface of the glass surface of the table type of surface 4 6 Reading of Spring balance What is change? What have changed? The ………. the …………………, the ……….. the ……………….. reading of spring balance type of surface semakin ………. …………, semakin …… ….…………….. kasar jenis permukaan tinggi bacaan neraca spring Simple Sentence Structure. Comparative word Manipulated variable Comparative word Responding variable hypothesis rougher higher Longer @ shorter bigger @ smaller faster @ slower increase @ decrease rougher @ smoother higher @ lower

36. surface of the glass surface of the table type of surface 4 6 Reading of spring balance What is change? What have changed? ( d ) iii. Define operationally “ the friction “ Definasikan secara operasi bagi “ geseran “ ………………… .. is shown by …………………………… geseran ………………… . ditunjukkan oleh …………………………… bacaan neraca spring the friction Simple Sentence Structure. What to define ? responding variable

37. ( d ) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi ……………………. ………………… is shown by …………………………… reading of spring balance reading of air bubble reading of thermometer reading of ammeter brightness of bulb volume of water loss reading of spring balance geseran the friction

38. ( d ) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi ……………………. ………………… is shown by …………………………… reading of spring balance reading of air bubble reading of thermometer reading of ammeter brightness of bulb volume of water loss reading of spring balance rintangan the resistance

39. ( d ) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi ……………………. ………………… is shown by …………………………… reading of spring balance reading of air bubble reading of thermometer reading of ammeter brightness of bulb volume of water loss reading of spring balance penyerapan haba heat absorbtion

40. What is change? What have changed? watered Not watered Presence of Water Fresh plant Wilted plant freshness of plant What is change? What have changed? T O C S S S S U C CE SS

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