Here are the moon phases on my birthday: - New Moon: No moonlight was visible in the night sky. The entire unilluminated half was facing Earth. - Waxing Crescent: A thin crescent on the right side was illuminated as the Moon moved farther from the New Moon phase. - First Quarter: Half of the Moon's disk was illuminated and appeared "half-full" in the night sky.

1. Phases of the Moon + Eclipses

2. Gravity Explained

3. ● Gravitational force = the force of attraction between
two massive objects → gravity
● There is a force of attraction between all objects in
the Universe.
● The planets are kept in orbit around the Sun due to
gravity.
● In the same way, the gravitational forces of both the
Earth and the Moon keep the Moon in orbit around
the Earth.
The Role of Gravity

4. The Lunar Cycle
● Lunar Cycle = the sequences of
phases of the Moon during orbit
around Earth.
● Phases of the Moon = the
changing amount of illuminated
Moon surface visible from Earth.
● Waxing = increasing in size; a
period during which the visible
surface of the Moon increases
● Waning = decreasing in size; a
period during which the visible
surface of the Moon decreases.

5. ● The Moon does not emit its own light (non-luminous).
● The Moon reflects light from the Sun.
● As the Moon orbits Earth, we see different amounts
of the sunlit side of the Moon each night of the month
→ lunar cycle
● The changes in the appearance of the Moon →
phases of the moon

6. Why do we only see one side of the moon?
● It takes about 27 days for
the Moon to complete
one revolution around the
Earth.
● The Moon takes about 27
days to complete one
rotation on its axis. This
is why the same side of
the Moon faces the Earth
at all times.
● Revolution = rotation

7. Lunar Cycle
● The lunar cycle begins with the New Moon, when the sunlit
side of the Moon is facing away from the Earth.
○ New Moon = NO Moon (we see no moon)
● As the Moon continues to revolve and rotate, we continue
to see more of its sunlit side - the visible surface is
increasing = WAXING
● Full Moon = All Moon (we see all of its sunlit side)
● After the Full Moon, the part of the moon we see begins
decreasing = WANING
● We see less and less of the sunlit side until we are back to
the New Moon.

11. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik
Solar Eclipse

12. Solar Eclipse
When the moon is
directly between the
Earth and the Sun,
the Moon can
completely block the
light from the sun
and cast a shadow
on Earth.

13. Solar Eclipse
● A total eclipse occurs
somewhere on Earth
once every 2 years.
● During a solar eclipse,
the outermost layer of
the Sun (corona) is
visible. Astronomers can
safely study the corona.

14. Solar Eclipse Eye Protection
Always use a suitable solar
filter or other protection
when looking at a solar
eclipse. It can cause
permanent damage to your
eyes because of the
concentration of the light
coming through (very
bright).

15. Lunar Eclipse

16. Lunar Eclipse
When the Earth is
positioned between
the Sun and the
Moon, casting a
shadow on the
Moon.

17. Lunar Eclipse
The Moon cannot reflect light
as it normally would; therefore,
a lunar eclipse can be seen
anywhere on earth where the
Moon is visible above the
horizon. This is why it is much
more common to see a lunar
eclipse, than a solar eclipse.

18. Activity: Moon Phases Learning Toy

19. Materials
● 2 large clear plastic cups
● Black permanent marker
● 1-inch diameter yellow circle
● A piece of black construction paper
● Basic stationery like glue, tape, and ruler

20. Procedure
1. Measure the height of the plastic cup. Cut a
rectangular piece of black construction paper with the
height of the plastic cup as the length of the paper.
2. Paste a yellow circle on the outside of the first cup.
3. Roll the black paper up with the yellow circle facing out,
making sure that the yellow circle is not covered by the
black paper. Insert the roll of black paper into one of
the plastic cups. Then secure the black paper onto the
cup.
4. Put this plastic cup with the black paper and yellow
circle INTO the second plastic cup. NOTE: We will be
drawing on the second plastic cup that’s outside in the
following steps.

21. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik
This is what your cup should
look like at this point.

22. Procedure
5. Start by locating the yellow circle and write the name
FULL MOON under the yellow circle.
TIP: To make sure we have enough space for all 8 phases of
the moon, I drew the full moon, new moon, and the two half
moons first. Then I filled in the gibbous moons and crescent
moons in the remaining spaces.
6. Imagine the cups like a clock, with the full moon at the
12:00 position - turn the cup so that the yellow circle is now
in the 3:00 position. Trace the outline of the left half of the
yellow circle and fill in with black marker. The left half of the
yellow circle will be covered. Write FIRST QUARTER below.

23. Procedure
7. Now turn the cup so that the yellow circle is in the 6:00
position. Using the marker, trace the outline of the yellow
circle and fill in completely with the black marker. The yellow
circle will be covered. Write the name NEW MOON below.
8. Turn the cup so that the yellow circle is in the 9:00
position. Trace the outline of the right half of the yellow
circle and fill in with the black marker. The right half of the
yellow circle will be covered. Write THIRD QUARTER
underneath.
9. Turn the cup so that the yellow circle is now in the 1:30
position. Trace a crescent on the left of the yellow circle and
fill with black marker. Write WAXING GIBBOUS below.

24. Procedure
10. Turn the cup so that the yellow circle is now in the 4:30
position. Trace a ¾ circle (less than full but larger than
semicircle) on the left of the yellow circle and fill in with
black marker. Write WAXING CRESCENT below.
11. Turn the cup so that the yellow circle is now in the 7:30
position. Trace a ¾ circle (less than full but larger than
semicircle) on the right of the yellow circle and fill in with
black marker. Write WANING CRESCENT below.
12. Turn the cup so that the yellow circle is now in the 10:30
position. Trace a crescent on the right of the yellow circle
and fill in with black marker. Write WANING GIBBOUS below.

25. Activity: Moon Phases Learning

26. What did they look like on your birthday?
Hubble Space
Telescope
(NASA)
https://themoonjo
y.com/birthday-
moon-phase/
https://www.nasa.gov/
content/goddard/what-
did-hubble-see-on-your-
birthday
Moon Phase