The document discusses smart urban water grids as a solution to water stress in cities. It proposes integrating systems like rainwater catchment, water reuse from households and industries, and floating water treatment to create a more sustainable water system. Examples are given of projects implementing aspects of smart grids, like rainproof buildings that store rainwater and rooftop farms. The goal is to move toward water-autarkic or self-sufficient cities through circular water management approaches.

1. Smart Urban Water Grids
Albert E. Jansen
Water Innovation Consulting (WIC)

2. Content
• Current urban non-sustainable water system
• System stress
• The Solution: SUWG
• Several examples of sustainable solutions
• Summary
7-3-2016 SUWG 2

3. Climate Change:
Water scarcity
7-3-2016 SUWG 3

4. Source:
Deltares
7-3-2016 SUWG 4
Climate Effect Atlas – Amsterdam – Scenario G2050

5. Source: Duic 26 januari 20157-3-2016 SUWG 5

6. 7-3-2016 SUWG 6

7. Source: Global Risks
Reports 2014-2015,
World Economic Forum
7-3-2016 SUWG 7

8. 7-3-2016 SUWG 8

9. 7-3-2016 SUWG 9

10. 7-3-2016 SUWG 10

11. Smart Urban Water Grids
• Surface water canals: mobility, floating treatment
• Drinking water from rain fall catchments
• Hot Water supply (industry to urban)
• Nutriënts supply from household/industry to Urban Agro
• Procces water from household waste water
• Medicin removal from hospitals and households
7-3-2016 SUWG 11

12. 7-3-2016 SUWG 12

13. Autarkic houses
7-3-2016 SUWG 13

14. Floating Water Treatment Cascade
The development of modular flexible constructs on demand can relief the socio-
economic pressure that results from climate change, population growth
and increasing urbanization.
More specifically, the Floating Water Treatment Cascade contributes to water security
and to a circular and bio-based economy by preventing the waste of fresh water
and the waste of raw materials.

16. System Design
Water reuse Shower

17. safety, stability and sealing

18. usable on almost every surface

19. 7-3-2016 SUWG 19

20. Eautarcie (website)
Parameters Eenheden
Min
waarde
Max
Gem.
waarde
Normen
voor
drinkwater
Zuurgraad:
pH
- 6,31 8,01 7,23 6,5 - 9,5
Geleidbaarh
eid
µS/cm 36 190 90 < 2100
Nitraten
NO3
2 mgN/l 0,2 4,7 1,5 < 11,3
Ammonium
NH4
+ mgN/l 0,010 0,059 0,022 < 0,5
Chloriden Cl- mg/l 1,0 16,7 6,5 < 350
Sulphaten
SO4
2- mg/l < 8 < 8 < 8 < 250
Calcium mg/l 4,3 15,3 10,1 < 270
Magnesium mg/l 0,14 0,52 0,21 < 50
Zink µg/l 50 1731 466 < 5000
Ijzer µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 200
Cadmium µg/l < 10 < 10 < 10 < 50
Lood µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 50
7-3-2016 SUWG 20

21. 7-3-2016 SUWG 21

22. 7-3-2016 SUWG 22
Surface area needed to match
rainfall with drinking water
demand

23. Drivers
Issue Solution
• Health Drinking water contains: nutriënts, EDC’s,
heavy metals and hardness
• Sustainability No CO2, 90 % less energy, no chemicals
higher WWTP efficiency and energy- and
nutriënt recovery
• Scarcity Use of water in stead of spilling to sea
• City Rainproof Storage and Use
• Economy Lower societal costs ; business opportunity
7-3-2016 SUWG 23

24. Sustainability
Drinkingwater/m3: Leiduin Weesperkaspel Hemel(s)water
7-3-2016 SUWG 24
kg CO2 - eq. 0,225 0,242 < 0
kWh elec. 0,446 0,403 0,0101
kg chemicals
NaOH 0,104 0,098 0,000
HCl 0,018 0,020 0,000
FeCl3 0,028 0,112 0,000
Active carbon 0,012 0,013 0,000
CaCO3
0,000 0,000 0,100
1 MF 0,2 bar Bron: Waternet 2015

25. Water quality
Drinking water
• Poluted sources
• For some inpurities
• Drinking water guidlines are
a technical – health
compromise
Hemel(s)water
• Rain is very pure source
• Run fall shoulb be kept
clean
• Treatment to remove
nutrients and or minor
bacteria to garantee safety
7-3-2016 SUWG 25

26. WHO Drinking water guidelines
6.2 Rainwater harvesting
• Rainwater harvesting is widely practiced at a household level but is
increasingly being used on a larger community scale. Rainwater can
provide an important source of drinking-water in some circumstances as
well as a useful source of water for blending with other sources to
reduce the levels of contaminants of health concern, such as arsenic and
fluoride.
• The development of formal WSPs at the household level may not always
be practical, but promotion of sanitary inspection with simple good
practice is important.
• Well-designed rainwater harvesting systems with clean catchments,
covered cisterns and storage tanks, and treatment, as appropriate,
supported by good hygiene at point of use, can offer drinking-water with
very low health risk.
• Further treatment at the point of consumption may be applied to ensure
better quality of drinking-water and reduce health risk. Solar water
disinfection and point of use chlorination are examples of low-cost
disinfection options for the treatment of stored rainwater. These and
other household water treatment technologies are discussed in more
detail in sections 7.3.2 (microbial) and 8.4.4 (chemical).
7-3-2016 SUWG 26

27. 7-3-2016 SUWG 27

28. Toepassingen
1. Family (3 p.); Drinking water – 8 l/day - <0,5 l/h
2. Family (3 p.); Drinking + Shower water 200 l/day – 8 l/h
3. Sport bar (10.000 glasses/week); 3 m3/week – 17 l/h
4. Eco village (20 p.); Drinking water 60 l/day – 2,5 l/h
5. Eco village (60 p.); Drinking water 180 l/day – 7 l/h
7-3-2016 SUWG 28

29. 7-3-2016 SUWG 29

30. IBC 1: Rain water storage
Optional: nutrient removal
IBC 2: Drinking water storage
Optional: desinfection
7-3-2016 SUWG 30

31. IBC 1: Rain water storage
Optional: nutrient removal
IBC 2: Drinking water storage
Optional: desinfection
7-3-2016 SUWG 31

32. Water Treatment Technologies
Membrane Filtration Membrane distillation
7-3-2016 SUWG 32

33. BUIKSLOTERHAM IS RAINPROOF AND HAS
RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WASTE WATER
Circulair Buiksloterham
• All rainwater is managed above ground with the capacity to handle heavy
peak rainfall without flooding or nuisance; Buiksloterham is a “rainproof” part
of the city
• Domestic & commercial water demand is reduced by 25%
• Different quality levels of water are matched to different end uses: drinking
water is used intelligently for only high quality functions
• Wastewater is mostly source separated; heavily polluted water is not mixed
with lightly polluted water (ideally, yellow and black water are collected
separately)
• Most of the total nutrients and other resources from wastewater are
recovered in usable form with a target of full recovery; heat should be
recovered from wastewater where possible & sensible
• Most of the micro pollutants from wastewater are fully removed

34. Waternet
Circulair Buiksloterham

35. 7-3-2016 SUWG 35
Rainproof
Building
Amsterdam Rainproof

36. DakAkker
Rotterdam
a building with a
SMARTROOF
smart waterstorage
www.dakakker.nl

37. DakAkker
• 1.000 m2 rooftopfarm realized in Rotterdam
• Plan = 20.000 m2 rooftopfarm
• With Smartroofs (retentionroofs) that
anticipate on the weather forecasts
(It ‘s a real Dutch landscape on the a roof
with dykes, locks and windmills…)
www.dakakker.nl

38. Actief in de volgende markten:
Civiel

39. 7-3-2016 SUWG 39

40. Smart Urban Water Grids
7-3-2016 SUWG 40
A solution for water stress in cities
Healthier population
A promis to sustainability
An ad-on to rainproof buildings
In the end: water-autarkic cities?