The document discusses the state of modern AI and cognitive computing, highlighting trends, technologies, and market maturity. It covers concepts such as machine learning, cognitive models, and emerging hardware in the context of computational intelligence. Additionally, it outlines key market players, opportunities, and the framework for cognitive computing applications.

1. #ModernAI and Cognitive Computing
Boundaries and Opportunities
Adrian Bowles, PhD
Founder, STORM Insights, Inc.
info@storminsights.com
Copyright (c) 2017 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights Reserved.
JANUARY 12, 2017

2. #ModernAI
Cognitive Computing
Trends
Technology & Market Maturity
Copyright (c) 2017 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights Reserved.
AGENDA

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#MODERNAI
Conventional
AI

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
PERCEPTION
UNDERSTANDING
LEARNING
PLANNING
MOTIVATION PROBLEM-SOLVING

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
PERCEPTION
UNDERSTANDING
LEARNING
PLANNING
Hardware
Software
Mimic Model
MOTIVATION PROBLEM-SOLVING

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
Machine
Learning

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
Machine*
Learning
SUPERVISED
UNSUPERVISED
REINFORCEMENT
DEEP
*April 13 Webinar: Machine Learning:
Moving Beyond Discovery to Understanding

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
Machine
Learning
Big
Data
STREAMING
COMPLEX
YUGE

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#ModernAI
Conventional
AI
Machine
Learning
Big
Data
Hardware
Software
Neuromorphic
TPUs
NPUs
GPUs
Mimic
GPUs
?
Model
HTM
MBR
Neural Nets

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THE #MODERNAI HARDWARE MARKET IS REAL
Facebook
FAIR
NVIDIA
Google
TPU
IBM
TrueNorthQualcomm
NPU
Neuromorphic
GPU/
Memory Acceleration
Ready Now
Much More in the Pipeline
Promising -
Ready Now At Handset Level
Proven approach for ||ism
Easy interoperability
with conventional systems
+Natural behavioral process model
+Lower power requirements
- Requires new software model
& skills
Nvidia
Intel
AMD
Facebook (FAIR)
Nervana Systems/Intel
Movidius - Intel (Vision processing)
Google TPU
IBM
Qualcomm

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A FRAMEWORK FOR COGNITIVE COMPUTING
Motivation
reflection
inference
Natural Cognitive Processes
deduction
reasoning
Learning
Perception
Foundation
Experience-
Based
Learning
Learn
Interact
Expand
Integrate
Augmented/Virtual
Reality
Confidence-
weighted
Reporting
Hypothesis
Generation
& Testing
Natural
Language
Processing
Cloud
…
Analytics
Data Management
Neuromorphic
Architectures

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Hearing (audioception)
~12,000 outer hair cells/ear
~3,500 inner hair cells
Vision (ophthalmoception)
Photoreceptors - Per Eye
~120,000,000 rod cells
(triggered by single photon)
~6,000,000 cone cells
(require more photons to trigger)
~ 60,000 photosensitive
ganglion cells
Touch (tactioception)
Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors,
chemoreceptors and nociceptors for touch, pressure, pain,
temperature, vibration
Smell (olfacoception)
Chemoreception
Taste (gustaoception)
Chemoreception
Human Cognition
~100,000,000,000 (100B) Neurons
~100-500,000,000,000,000 (100-500T) Synapses
NEUROSYNAPTIC PROBLEM SOLVING SCOPE: PERCEPTION VS COGNITION
Learn
ModelReason
Understand
Plan

13. Model
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COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

14. Model
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COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
A Model is an Abstract Representation of Reality

15. Model
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Model
The Corpus, Assumptions, Algorithms
Used to
Generate & Score Hypotheses
or
Calculate Associative Distance
COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

16. Model
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Model
The Corpus, Assumptions, Algorithms
Used to
Generate & Score Hypotheses
or
Calculate Associative Distance
Corpus
The complete machine-readable
record of a domain.
Associative Distance
A metric for the similarity of two items
based on their relative locations in n-
space according to an algorithm.
Assumptions
Implicit or explicit data or
relationships held to be valid.
Hypothesis
An evidence-based testable
assertion that explains a
phenomenon or relationship.
COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

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PROXIMITY/DISTANCE ALGORITHMS
Mapped with vectors,
proximity algorithm
based on purpose.
Mapping for autocorrect/complete vs Mapping for meaning
Boy
Bay
Map
Mop
Man
Nay May
Mope
Buy
Hop Hope
Boy
Bay
Map
Mop
Man
Nay
May
Mope
BuyHop
Hope
Similar structure ->
similar meaning in
vision, not always
in language.

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PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS: RELATED CONCEPTS
The use of statistical algorithms and a set of assumptions - the
model - to identify the likelihood of future outcomes or missing
values based on patterns in historical data.
Linear regression
Logistic regression
(categorical dependent variable)
Time-series analysis
Classification trees
Decision trees…
Historical
Data
Predicted
Data
Assumptions

19. Learn
Understand
Model
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COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

20. Learn
Understand
Model
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Understand
Awareness of the
meaning of data.
Learn
To acquire understanding
of data.
COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

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THE LINGERING QUESTION: WHAT IS UNDERSTANDING?
Sentiment/Emotion/Theme/Concept Analysis
Don’t let the search for perfection interfere with the path to progress.

22. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL UNDERSTANDING
Source: IBM Bluemix

23. Learn
Plan Reason
Understand
Model
Copyright (c) 2017 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Understand
Awareness of the
meaning of data.
Learn
To acquire understanding
of data.
Plan (v)
Identify a goal/desired state
and a set of steps/activities
to reach that state.
Reason (v)
An evidence-based process
for determining the truth or
probability of a conclusion.
Reasoning
Deductive
Inductive
Abductive…
COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

24. Learn
Plan Reason
Understand
Model
Data Mgmt
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COGNITIVE COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

25. Systems
Controls
Learn
Plan Reason
Understand
Model
Data Mgmt
Human
Machine
Input Output
Sensors
(IOT)
Systems
Controls
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COGNITIVE SYSTEMS: COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL

26. Systems
Controls
Learn
Plan Reason
Understand
Model
Data Mgmt
Human
Machine
Input Output
Gestures
Emotions
Language
Narrative Generation
Visualization
Reports
Haptics
Sensors
(IOT)
Systems
Controls
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COGNITIVE SYSTEMS: COMMUNICATIONS & CONTROL
Perception

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KEY TRENDS
Open Source and ML
ML as a Service
Perception as a Service

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KEY TREND: OPEN SOURCE ML

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MACHINE LEARNING AS A SERVICE

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MACHINE LEARNING & PERCEPTION AS A SERVICE
Source: IBM BlueMix

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KEY TREND: PERCEPTION AS A SERVICE
Source: Affectiva
Affectiva: Emotion Detection
Anger
Sadness
Disgust
Joy
Surprise
Fear
Contempt

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#MODERNAI MATURITY TRENDS
Maturity
BigData
Management
Machine
Learning
Perception Motivation
4
3
2
1
0

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COGNITIVE COMPUTING MATURITY TRENDS
Maturity Understanding Learning Reasoning Planning
4
3
2
1
0

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THEY’RE HERE. WHERE DO WE GO NEXT?
Alexa, who’s smarter,
you or Siri?
Alexa, how old is
Dan Rather?

35. Copyright (c) 2017 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights Reserved.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
adrian@storminsights.com
Twitter @ajbowles
Skype ajbowles
Upcoming 2017 Webinar Dates & Topics
February 9 Artificial General Intelligence - When I Can I Get It?
March 9 Data Science and Business Analysis:
A Look at Best Practices for Roles, Skills, and Processes
April 13 Machine Learning - Moving Beyond Discovery to Understanding