This document discusses the benefits and challenges of locating data centers in shared buildings. It presents two case studies of different types of shared buildings housing data centers. Case study 1 involves a bespoke design for a large tenant, with the landlord providing redundant power and cooling infrastructure. Case study 2 examines a speculative building with multiple tenants, where compromises are needed for redundancy due to space and cost constraints. Shared infrastructure and design tradeoffs between resilience and efficiency are explored for both examples.

1. Data Centres in Shared Buildings Barry Shambrook RCDD Tuckers Consultancy Ltd

2. Why locate in a shared building? Server hugging Virtualisation VoIP Thin client Space available Dark fibre 10 miles in London £250K per annum Cost of shared facility Energy efficiency

3. Space example

4. Monthly colocation costs per rack Source: www.mobilepricing.com

5. Monthly TCO per rack

6. Cost and emissions £300 per month 1 Tonne CO 2 /Balloon 2 Balloons per month

7. Carbon Reduction Commitment

8. Lurking Vulnerabilities Latent deficiencies can surface at the worst possible moment

9. How Much Redundancy is Enough?

10. Uptime Institute tier resilience – car tyres Tier I - no spare wheel. Stop and wait for AA Tier II - Four wheels and a spare. Stop, replace, drive on Tier III - “Run Flat” tyres. Drive slower until opportunity to replace the tyre Tier IV – Two sets of wheels on each axle

11. Tier IV resilience Power Cooling Mains Generator Mains Generator Change Over Change Over UPS UPS Equipment Heat Rejection Heat Rejection (N+N) (N+N) Room Units Room Units (N+N)

12. Cost of resilience – plant efficiency 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

13. Shared building challenges Space for data centre Space for plant Size and number of utility supplies Risk limitation Noise restrictions

14. Case study #1 Large (10,000m 2 plus) office building Bespoke design for single anchor Tenant Sub-tenancies envisaged Requirement for 1000m 2 Data Centre On site processing and storage Remote back-up

15. CS1 Landlord data centre

16. CS1 Tenant data centre

17. CS1 – power 2 fully autonomous grid supplies Generators on each supply, redundant shared Building UPS N+1 Redundant distribution

18. CS1 cooling N+N/N+1 chillers and cooling towers N+N secondary chilled water N+N CRAC units

19. Water cooling

20. Heat recovery

21. CS1 fire protection Pre-action sprinklers – building insurance VESDA – manual intervention Limited fire load in floor void

22. Pre-action sprinklers Smoke detector 1 Smoke detector 2 Alarm Bell Sprinkler head 67 deg C Water Compressed air Automatic valve

23. Pre-action sprinklers - stage 1 Smoke detector 1 Smoke detector 2 Alarm Bell Sprinkler head 67 deg C Water Compressed air Automatic valve

24. Pre-action sprinklers – stage 2 Smoke detector 1 Smoke detector 2 Alarm Bell Sprinkler head 67 deg C Water Compressed air Automatic valve Water

25. Pre-action sprinklers – stage 3 Smoke detector 1 Smoke detector 2 Alarm Bell Sprinkler head 67 deg C Water Compressed air Automatic valve Water

26. Upgrade to water mist?

27. CS1 redundancy summary Power Cooling Mains Generator Mains Generator Change Over Change Over UPS (N+1) Equipment Heat Rejection (N+1) Room Units (N+1) (N+N) UPS (N+1)

28. Case study #2 Speculative 8000m 2 office building Multiple tenancies Requirement for 100m 2 Data Centre On site processing and storage option On site development option Remote parallel processing and storage

29. CS2 data centre plan

30. CS2 – power 2 transformers, same HV ring Single generator, redundant switching Redundant distribution N+N UPS to data centre N UPS to trading floor and TR’s Redundant distribution N+1 alternative for higher capacity

31. Bus bar power

32. CS2 cooling N+N chillers, “free” cooling N+N cooling distribution to data centre N+N secondary chilled water N+N in row cooling units N cooling to trading floor and TR’s N+1 alternative for higher capacity

33. “ Free” cooling Summer Spring/Autumn/Morning/Evening Winter/Night

34. CS2 fire protection Pre-action sprinklers – building insurance VESDA Oxy-reduct for asset protection

35. Oxy-reduct Not approved by UK building insurers or Building Regulations so other protection also required. H&S limits exposure to 6 hours per day, otherwise completely safe. Oxygen level equivalent to 2700m above sea level.

36. CS2 infrastructure network Redundant external links 2 autonomous PoP rooms, 1 shared with data centre DC bypass

37. CS1 infrastructure network

38. CS2 4.5 kVA/rack N+N Power Cooling Transformer Generator UPS MER Racks MER Room Units Changeover Heat Rejection Heat Rejection MER Room Units UPS (N+N) SER S SER N 50% traders 50% traders (N+N) Changeover Transformer Mains (N+N)

39. CS2 8kVA/rack N+1 Power Cooling Transformer Generator N+1 UPS MER Racks N+1 MER Room Units Changeover N+1 Heat Rejection SER S SER N 50% traders 50% traders Changeover Transformer Mains

40. Summary Resilience compromises Efficiency improvements Added flexibility?