1. The document provides instruction on the Islamic jurisprudence concept of tayammum, or dry ablution using dust or sand. 2. It outlines six situations where tayammum is permissible instead of regular ablution (ghusl) with water: 1) when water is unavailable, 2) when one is injured or ill, 3) if water is too cold and could cause harm, 4) when water is nearby but accessing it would endanger one's life, 5) if one needs to save water for later use, and 6) if getting water would cause one to miss the prayer time. 3. The document cites verses from the Quran and hadiths to

1. UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)
Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English
Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
IINN TTHHEE NNAAMMEE OOFF AALLLLAAHH,,
MMOOSSTT CCOOMMPPAASSSSIIOONNAATTEE,,
MMOOSSTT MMEERRCCIIFFUULL..
LLEESSSSOONN ## 55
UUssiinngg tteexxtt && ccuurrrriiccuulluumm hhee hhaass ddeevveellooppeedd eessppeecciiaallllyy ffoorr
MMuusslliimm ccoonnvveerrttss aanndd yyoouunngg AAdduulltt EEnngglliisshh--ssppeeaakkiinngg MMuusslliimmss..
““TToo sseeeekk kknnoowwlleeddggee iiss oobblliiggaattoorryy uuppoonn eevveerryy MMuusslliimm ((mmaallee && ffeemmaallee))””
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"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of
Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the
Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from
Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)
DDaaiillyy aapppplliiccaattiioonn ooff FFIIQQHH
BBAABB-- TAHAARAH
TTAAYYAAMMUUMM –– DDrryy aabblluuttiioonn((EExxcceeppttiioonn))
Updated 8 November 2014

2. From the previous classes, you would have been familiar with
the methodology of studying fiqh in Islam, especially on the
importance of going back to the basis (dalil).
Therefore in future, my slides/ handouts will not contain
elaborate explanations, but will be brief but with emphasis on
basis (therefore you are to give special attention to practice,
and to memorize) on the explanation and these basis - Qur'an
or Hadith (especially those which I painstakingly provide with –
or without - the transliteration to ease those new converts).
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3. HHOOPPEE WWEE CCAANN BBEETTTTEERR
AAPPPPRREECCIIAATTEE IISSLLAAMMIICC
JJUURRIISSPPRRUUDDEENNCCEE BBYY
UUNNDDEERRSSTTAANNDDIINNGG TTHHEESSEE::
FFIIVVEE FFuunnddaammeennttaall GGeenneerraall PPrriinncciipplleess ** iinn IIssllaammiicc JJuurriisspprruuddeennccee
AL- MA – SHAQ – QA – TAJ – LI – BUT – TAI - SIIR
““Difficulty ((hhaarrddsshhiipp)) mmuusstt lleeaadd
ttoo EEaassee ((ffaacciilliittyy))””
Third:
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** TThheerree aarree ffuurrtthheerr eellaabboorraattiioonnss aanndd
bbrraanncchheess oorr ddeerriivveedd rruulliinnggss ffrroomm tthheessee ffiivvee
–– rreeffeerr UUSSUULL FFIIQQHH..
ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH
FROM PREVIOUS LESSON

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5.  TTaayyaammuumm lliitteerraallllyy mmeeaannss ““aaiimm,, ppuurrppoossee””.. IItt
rreeffeerrss ttoo ““aaiimmiinngg ffoorr oorr sseeeekkiinngg ssooiill ttoo wwiippee
oonnee’’ss ffaaccee aanndd hhaannddss wwiitthh tthhee iinntteennttiioonn ooff
pprreeppaarriinngg oonneesseellff ttoo pprraayy,, aanndd ssoo oonn..”” ––
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((SSaayyiidd SSaabbiiqq))
 DRY ABLUTION USING DUST/SAND

6. IINN TTHHEE NNAAMMEE OOFF AALLLLAAHH,,
MMOOSSTT
CCOOMMPPAASSSSIIOONNAATTEE,,
MMOOSSTT MMEERRCCIIFFUULL
BBAASSIISS
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7. IINN TTHHEE NNAAMMEE OOFF AALLLLAAHH,,
MMOOSSTT
CCOOMMPPAASSSSIIOONNAATTEE,,
MMOOSSTT MMEERRCCIIFFUULL
BBAASSIISS
““ AAnndd iiff yyoouu aarree iillll oorr oonn aa jjoouurrnneeyy oorr oonnee ooff yyoouu ccoommeess
ffrroomm tthhee ppllaaccee ooff rreelliieevviinngg hhiimmsseellff oorr yyoouu hhaavvee ccoonnttaacctteedd
wwoommeenn aanndd ffiinndd nnoo wwaatteerr,, tthheenn sseeeekk cclleeaann eeaarrtthh aanndd
wwiippee oovveerr yyoouurr ffaacceess aanndd yyoouurr hhaannddss [[wwiitthh iitt]].. IInnddeeeedd,,
AAllllaahh iiss eevveerr PPaarrddoonniinngg aanndd FFoorrggiivviinngg..””
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((QQuurr’’aann:: AAnn--NNiissaa’’:: 44:: 4433))

8. BBAASSIISS
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9. IINN TTHHEE NNAAMMEE OOFF AALLLLAAHH,,
MMOOSSTT
CCOOMMPPAASSSSIIOONNAATTEE,,
MMOOSSTT MMEERRCCIIFFUULL
BBAASSIISS
““TThhee MMeesssseennggeerr ooff AAllllaahh ss..aa..aa..ww.. ssaaiidd:: ““AAllll ooff tthhee eeaarrtthh
hhaass bbeeeenn mmaaddee ffoorr mmee aanndd mmyy uummmmaahh ((ccoommmmuunniittyy)) aa
ppllaaccee ooff pprroossttrraattiioonn ((mmaassjjiiddaann)) aanndd aass ((mmeeaannss ooff))
ppuurriiffiiccaattiioonn.. WWhheenneevveerr aa ppeerrssoonn ffrroomm mmyy uummmmaahh wwaannttss
ttoo pprraayy ((wwhheenn wwaatteerr iiss uunnaavvaaiillaabbllee)) hhee hhaass ssoommeetthhiinngg
wwiitthh wwhhiicchh ttoo ppuurriiffyy hhiimmsseellff ((tthhaatt iiss,, tthhee eeaarrtthh))..””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy AAhhmmaadd))
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11. 1. WHEN ONE CANNOT FIND WATER OR THE AMOUNT IS INSUFFICIENT
FOR ABLUTION
 Imran ibn Hussain r.a. narrated,
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12. 1. WHEN ONE CANNOT FIND WATER OR THE AMOUNT IS INSUFFICIENT
FOR ABLUTION
 Imran ibn Hussain r.a. narrated,
““We were with the Messenger of AAllllaahh ss..aa..aa..ww.. dduurriinngg
aa jjoouurrnneeyy.. WWhheenn hhee lleedd tthhee ppeeooppllee iinn pprraayyeerr,, oonnee mmaann
ssttaayyeedd aappaarrtt.. HHee aasskkeedd hhiimm,, ““WWhhaatt pprreevveenntteedd yyoouu ffrroomm
pprraayyiinngg??”” HHee ssaaiidd,, ““II aamm iinn jjaannaabbaahh aanndd tthheerree iiss nnoo
wwaatteerr..”” HHee ssaaiidd,, ““UUssee tthhee ssooiill,, ffoorr iitt iiss ssuuffffiicciieenntt..””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy BBuukkhhaarryy && MMuusslliimm))
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13. 2. WHEN ONE IS INJURED OR ILL
 Jabir r.a. narrated,
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14. 2. WHEN ONE IS INJURED OR ILL
 Jabir r.a. narrated,
“We were on a journey and one of us was injured. Later,
he had a wet dream (thus in janabah). He asked his
companions, “Can I perform tayamum?” They said, “No,
not if you have water.”
He performed ghusl’ and died. …
(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Daraquthni & Ibn as-Sakin)
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15. 2. WHEN ONE IS INJURED OR ILL
 Jabir r.a. narrated,
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16. 2. WHEN ONE IS INJURED OR ILL
 Jabir r.a. narrated,
… When they came to the Messenger of Allah s.a.w., they
informed him concerning what had happened. He said, “They
killed him, Allah will kill them. Do you not ask if you do not
know?! The remedy for ignorance is to ask question! He could
have performed tayamum and prevent water from his wound or
wrapped it with something and wiped over the wrapping, and
washed the rest of his body.”
(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Daraquthni & Ibn as-Sakin)
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17. 3. IF WATER IS TOO COLD TO PHYSICALLY HARM THE USER
 ‘Amr ibn al-As r.a. narrated that he was participating in an
expedition. He had a wet dream in an extremely cold night,
and was afraid that if he performed ghusl’, he would die. He
prayed the morning prayer with his companions. He then
went to the Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. to ask about this.
The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said:
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Hakim, Daraqutni & Ibn Hibban)
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18. 3. IF WATER IS TOO COLD TO PHYSICALLY HARM THE USER
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Hakim, Daraqutni & Ibn Hibban)
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19. 3. IF WATER IS TOO COLD TO PHYSICALLY HARM THE USER
 ‘Amr ibn al-As r.a. narrated that he was participating in an expedition.
He had a wet dream in an extremely cold night, and was afraid that if
he performed ghusl’, he would die. He prayed the morning prayer with
his companions. He then went to the Messenger of Allah s.a.w. to ask
about this. The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said:
“O ‘Amr! Did you pray with the companions while you needed a
ghusl’” ‘Amr mentioned the verse, “Do not kill yourselves, Allah is
Merciful to you. (An Nisa:29)” to the messenger of Allah s.a.a. w.
He just laughed and didn’t say anything.
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Hakim, Daraqutni & Ibn Hibban)
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20. 4. WHEN WATER, ALTHOUGH IT IS NEARBY, BUT ONE DOES NOT WANT
TO FETCH IT DUE TO FEAR
 If one fears for one’s life, ffaammiillyy,, wweeaalltthh ((ffoorr
eexxaammppllee iiff aann eenneemmyy iiss nneeaarrbbyy oorr oonnee iiss aa pprriissoonneerr,,
oorr ffeeaarr ooff wwiilldd aanniimmaallss,, eettcc))..
 AAllssoo iinn ccaasseess wwhheerree aalltthhoouugghh tthheerree iiss wwaatteerr bbuutt
oonnee ddooeess nnoott hhaavvee tthhee pprrooppeerr mmeeaannss ttoo ggeett iitt,, oorr iiff
oonnee ffeeaarrss ooff bbeeiinngg aaccccuusseedd ffoorr uussiinngg iitt..
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21. 5. IF ONE IS SAVING HIS WATER FOR LATER USE
The companion ‘Ali r.aa.. ssaaiidd tthhaatt aa mmaann wwhhoo
iiss ttrraavveelllliinngg aanndd bbeeccoommeess uunncclleeaann bbeeccaauussee ooff
sseexx oorr wweett ddrreeaamm,, ccaann ppeerrffoorrmm ttaayyaammuumm iiff hhee
ffeeaarrss hhee wwiillll ggoo tthhiirrssttyy:: ““HHee sshhoouulldd ppeerrffoorrmm
ttaayyaammuumm aanndd nnoott GGhhuussll’’””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy DDaarraaqquuttnnii))
 TThhiiss ccoouulldd bbee ffoorr uussee iinn ccooookkiinngg,, mmaakkiinngg ddoouugghh,, rreemmoovviinngg
iimmppuurriittiieess oorr eevveenn ffoorr ggiivviinngg ddrriinnkk ttoo hhiiss ddooggss..
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22. 6. ONE CAN GET WATER, BUT FEARS THAT PRAYER WILL BE OVER BY
THE TIME HE GETS IT
““ sseett uupp rreegguullaarr pprraayyeerrss:: ffoorr ssuucchh pprraayyeerrss aarree eennjjooiinneedd oonn
bbeelliieevveerrss aatt ssttaatteedd ttiimmeess..””
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((QQuurr’’aann:: AAnn--NNiissaa’’:: 44::110033))

23. ““Perform tayamum wwiitthh ppuurree ssooiill..”” QQ::44::4433
 Scholars of Arabic agreed that “Swa’iid” meaning
“soil” is whatever covers the earth, dirt or otherwise.
Thus it can be sand, stone, gypsum, etc. that is pure
(not impurities).
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25. Basically it involves:
Every attempt to seek water must be done first, to
determine immediate permissibility of tayamum;
Intention;
Reciting basmalah;
Strike hands over the soil or any surface where
clean dust exist ;
With it, wipe the face and hands up to
wrists/elbows
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26.  ‘Ammar r.a. related,
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27.  ‘Ammar r.a. related,
“We became sexually impure (junub), and had no
water, so we rolled in the dirt and prayed. This was
mentioned to the Prophet s.a.a.w. and he said, “This
would have been enough for you” and he struck the
earth with his hands, blew them and then wiped his
face and hands with them.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)
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28.  ‘Ammar r.a. related,
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29.  ‘Ammar r.a. related,
IInn aannootthheerr tteexxtt hhee ssaaiidd::
““It would have been eennoouugghh ffoorr yyoouu ttoo
ssttrriikkee tthhee ggrroouunndd wwiitthh yyoouurr hhaannddss aanndd
bbllooww iinnttoo tthheemm,, tthheenn wwiippee yyoouurr ffaaccee aanndd
hhaannddss uupp ttoo tthhee eellbboowwss..””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy DDaarraaqquutthhnnii))
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31.  WWhhaatteevveerr nnuulllliiffiieess WWUUDDHHUU’’ vviizz.. Excretion from the penis, vagina
or anus; Losing consciousness; Touching the sexual organs without
barrier with the palm of the hand; In contact with person of the
opposite gender (whose relationship to you is within the
marriageable degree);
 When water becomes available;
 When the impediments which prevented use of water has been
removed;
 Murtad (i.e. aappoossttaassyy;; rreennoouunncceemmeenntt;; wwiitthhddrraaww;; ddeesseerrttiioonn;;
rreenneeggaaddee -- ffrroomm bbeeiinngg aa MMuusslliimm))
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32. HHOOPPEE WWEE CCAANN BBEETTTTEERR
AAPPPPRREECCIIAATTEE IISSLLAAMMIICC
JJUURRIISSPPRRUUDDEENNCCEE BBYY
UUNNDDEERRSSTTAANNDDIINNGG TTHHEESSEE::
FFIIVVEE FFuunnddaammeennttaall GGeenneerraall PPrriinncciipplleess ** iinn IIssllaammiicc JJuurriisspprruuddeennccee
Further elaboration
regarding issue of
‘MASHAQQAH’
MAA – UBEE – HA - LID- DWA-RUU-RA –
TU-QAD-DI-RAN – BI – QA-DA-RI-HA
““Whatever is permitted bbeeccaauussee ooff aa DDwwaarruurraa iiss lliimmiitteedd ttoo
tthhee eexxtteenntt ooff eexxiisstteennccee ooff tthhaatt DDwwaarruurraa ((aass iimmppeeddiimmeenntt))””
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))
** TThheerree aarree ffuurrtthheerr eellaabboorraattiioonnss aanndd
bbrraanncchheess oorr ddeerriivveedd rruulliinnggss ffrroomm tthheessee ffiivvee
–– rreeffeerr UUSSUULL FFIIQQHH..
ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH

33.  Abu Sa’ed al-Khudri r.a. said:
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34.  Abu Sa’ed al-Khudri r.a. said:
“Two men went on a journey. The time for prayer (Swolah) came
and, as there was no water, they performed Tayamum (dry
ablution).
TThheenn tthheeyy ccoonnttiinnuueedd aanndd llaatteerr ccaammee uuppoonn wwaatteerr,, wwhhiillee ssttiillll
wwiitthhiinn tthhee ttiimmee ooff tthhee pprraayyeerr.. SSoo,, oonnee ooff tthheemm ttooookk aabblluuttiioonn aanndd
rree--ppeerrffoorrmmeedd tthhee ((ssaammee)) pprraayyeerr ((SSwwoollaahh)),, wwhhiillee tthhee ootthheerr mmaann
ddiidd nnoott..
WWhheenn tthheeyy mmeett tthhee MMeesssseennggeerr ooff AAllllaahh ss..aa..ww..,, tthheeyy eennqquuiirreedd
ffrroomm hhiimm aass ttoo tthhee pprrooppeerr pprroocceedduurree iinn ssuucchh aa ccaassee........
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35.  Abu Sa’ed al-Khudri r.a. said:
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36.  Abu Sa’ed al-Khudri r.a. said:
... He (Messenger of Allah s.a.w,) said to the one who did not
repeat the prayer (Swolah), :
“You have acted (correctly) according to the Sunnah and your
prayer is sufficient for you.”
HHee tthheenn ttuurrnneedd ttoo tthhee ootthheerr mmaann aanndd ssaaiidd:: ““YYoouu wwiillll ggeett ddoouubbllee
tthhee rreewwaarrdd..””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy AAbbuu DDaawwuudd aanndd NNaassaa--’’iiee))
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38. ““ AAllllaahh iinntteennddss ffoorr yyoouu eeaassee aanndd ddooeess nnoott iinntteenndd
ffoorr yyoouu hhaarrddsshhiipp””
((QQuurr’’aann:: BBaaqqaarraahh:: 22:: 118855))
“ Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6)
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39. “ Allah does not burden any human being with
more than he is well able to bear”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 286)
“ Verily you are sent to facilitate ease,
you are not sent to cause difficulty ”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)
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40.  SSoo wwhhooeevveerr ccaannnnoott ggeett wwaatteerr oorr ssooiill mmaayy pprraayy iinn wwhhaatteevveerr ssttaattee tthhaatt hhee iiss
iinn,, aanndd hhee wwiillll nnoott hhaavvee ttoo rreeppeeaatt hhiiss pprraayyeerr llaatteerr..
A’ishah r.a. related that she borrowed ssoommee jjeewweellrryy ffrroomm ‘‘AAssmmaa aanndd
iitt bbrrookkee ((aanndd ffeellll)).. TThhee MMeesssseennggeerr ooff AAllllaahh ss..aa..aa..ww.. sseenntt ssoommee ppeeooppllee
ttoo sseeaarrcchh ffoorr iitt.. TThhee pprraayyeerr ttiimmee ccaammee aanndd tthheeyy hhaadd ttoo pprraayy wwiitthhoouutt
aabblluuttiioonn.. WWhheenn tthheeyy ccaammee ttoo tthhee pprroopphheett ss..aa..aa..ww..,, tthheeyy ccoommppllaaiinneedd
ttoo hhiimm aanndd tthhee vveerrsseess ooff ttaayyaammuumm wweerree rreevveeaalleedd..
‘‘UUssaaiidd iibbnn HHuuddhhaaiirr rr..aa.. ssaaiidd,, ““MMaayy AAllllaahh ggiivvee yyoouu ggoooodd rreeccoommppeennssee,,
AAllllaahh nneevveerr rreevveeaallss aann oorrddeerr wwiitthh rreessppeecctt ttoo yyoouu eexxcceepptt tthhaatt HHee
rreemmoovveess bbyy iitt ssoommee hhaarrddsshhiipp aanndd ggiivveess tthhee MMuusslliimmss ssoommee bbeenneeffiitt!!””
((HHaaddiitthh rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy MMuusslliimm))
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)) WALLAAHU A’LAM WA AHKAM