The document discusses the identity crisis faced by new generation Muslims, particularly regarding knowledge and history, leading to low self-esteem and a sense of disconnection. It emphasizes the importance of understanding one's historical roots and cultural identity within the context of being Malay and Muslim in the Nusantara region. Additionally, it outlines the evolution of the Malay identity, shaped by Islamic values and cultural assimilation, establishing criteria for identifying as Malay.

1. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))
by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
for talk with ”ReVAmp”
Sunday , 19 February 2017 –
@ 6.00 pm
venue: A’Posh Bizhub @05-27 No.1
Yishun Industrial Street 1, Singapura
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
Key MessageKey Message ::
Primary problem faced by new generation Muslims today is the confusionPrimary problem faced by new generation Muslims today is the confusion
in Knowledge and misdirected philosophy of education. Among the neglectin Knowledge and misdirected philosophy of education. Among the neglect
of our society in our not knowing and not teaching about our true history –of our society in our not knowing and not teaching about our true history –
HISTORICAL ROOTS - as a people. Apparently, because of this many mayHISTORICAL ROOTS - as a people. Apparently, because of this many may
have low self-esteem leading to their crisis of identity.have low self-esteem leading to their crisis of identity.

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TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH

3. “O Mankind!, Verily, We created you all from a male
(DZAKA-RA )and a female (UN-TSAA), and made you
into nations (SHU-’UUBA) and tribes (QO-BAA-IL) so
that you may know one another (TA-’AA-RA-FUU).
Verily the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the
most God-fearing (TAQWA) of you. Surely Allah is All-
Knowing, All-Aware.”
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13)
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TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH

4. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
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5. WHO ARE YOU?
SIAPAKAH AWAK?
N shì shuíǐ ?
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How do you respond?
A person’s response can be a reflection of his identity or self-knowledge
• Aspects of himself which he hold in esteem and would confidently share
with as introduction and ready to elaborate regarding them with others
Yār nī?

6. I AM YOUR (MUSLIM) BROTHER,
A ‘MALAY’ FROM SINGAPURA
IN THE ‘NUSANTARA’
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SAYA SAUDARAMU (MUSLIM)
ORANG MELAYU DARI SINGAPURA
DI NUSANTARA
“Gua lu punya Brother beb, orang Melayu dari
Singapura di Nusantara”
I would respond …

7. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
Being aware that I am speaking to fellow Muslims, my initial
introduction of myself begins with expressing my love for all of you as a
fellow brother (highlighting our religion ISLAM.)
Our identity, first and foremost Is that we areOur identity, first and foremost Is that we are MUSLIMSMUSLIMS..
I also identify myself as aI also identify myself as a MALAY,MALAY, as citizen ofas citizen of SINGAPURASINGAPURA which iswhich is
inseparable from my knowledge of our historical reality of the widerinseparable from my knowledge of our historical reality of the wider
region relevant to our roots known as theregion relevant to our roots known as the NUSANTARANUSANTARA..
Self-knowledge regarding our identity of who we are, is dependent uponSelf-knowledge regarding our identity of who we are, is dependent upon
our knowledge of our history of who we claim to be, the affiliation weour knowledge of our history of who we claim to be, the affiliation we
have to forged and the values we collectively uphold.have to forged and the values we collectively uphold.
He/she who forsake these loses his/her identity. Those without a clearHe/she who forsake these loses his/her identity. Those without a clear
and strong identity will be forsaken.and strong identity will be forsaken.

8. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

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 We here are all Muslim, Al-Hamdulillaah! We are brothers in faith.
 So what or who is a Muslim?
 This identity we should uphold as foremost. May Allah
grant us all ISTIQOMAH upon this DEEN with Allah’s
RAHMAH (Mercy) and REDHA (Being Pleased.)
FIRSTLY

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TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
““O you who have believed, be conscious of (and fear) AllahO you who have believed, be conscious of (and fear) Allah
((TAQWATAQWA) as He should be feared and do not die except as) as He should be feared and do not die except as
Muslims [Muslims [ MUSLIMUNMUSLIMUN – those in submission to Him].”– those in submission to Him].”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 102Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 102))

11. ””Verily this is knowledge (which contains the rules) ofVerily this is knowledge (which contains the rules) of
thethe DEENDEEN (Religion), so look thoroughly into(Religion), so look thoroughly into
the person from whom you acquirethe person from whom you acquire
(the knowledge of) your(the knowledge of) your DEENDEEN (Religion).”(Religion).”
Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us MuslimsImam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

12. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
SECONDLY
What do I mean by “Melayu”?

13. Tinggi sungguh gunung Daik,Tinggi sungguh gunung Daik,
Mercunya nampak terang berkilau,Mercunya nampak terang berkilau,
Kalau asal benih yang baik,Kalau asal benih yang baik,
Jatuh ke laut menjadi pulau.Jatuh ke laut menjadi pulau.
““Majestic is mount Daik with awe and radiance,Majestic is mount Daik with awe and radiance,
With the sun atop its peak they appear to merge,With the sun atop its peak they appear to merge,
If a seed is truly derived from that of excellence,If a seed is truly derived from that of excellence,
When thrown in the sea an island will emerge”When thrown in the sea an island will emerge”
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TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

14. “Bunga melati bunga di darat,
Bunga seroja di tepi kali,
Hina besi kerana karat,
Hina manusia tidak berbudi.”
““Wide is the fragrance a jasmine cast,Wide is the fragrance a jasmine cast,
The lotus excel in its beauty and purity,The lotus excel in its beauty and purity,
Iron is despised because of its rust,Iron is despised because of its rust,
A person is despised for lacking in morality”A person is despised for lacking in morality”
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TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

15. ““Anak teruna menanam betik,Anak teruna menanam betik,
Buah cempedak di dalam raga,Buah cempedak di dalam raga,
Apa guna berwajah cantik,Apa guna berwajah cantik,
Kalau kurang budi bahasa.”Kalau kurang budi bahasa.”
““A young man planted a papaya tree,A young man planted a papaya tree,
A jackfruit is placed inside a basket,A jackfruit is placed inside a basket,
What is the use having only physical beauty,What is the use having only physical beauty,
When you lack humanity, culture and etiquette ”When you lack humanity, culture and etiquette ”
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TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

16. ““Salam menghadap, hamba dan dayang,Salam menghadap, hamba dan dayang,
Raja bermalam di dendang teruja,Raja bermalam di dendang teruja,
Dalam kitab ada terlarang,Dalam kitab ada terlarang,
Perkara yang haram jangan dicuba.”Perkara yang haram jangan dicuba.”
““ With looks so dignified, all the servant and maiden,With looks so dignified, all the servant and maiden,
With manners and charm, before the resting king,With manners and charm, before the resting king,
The Book (Qur’an) has clarified all that is forbidden,The Book (Qur’an) has clarified all that is forbidden,
Whatever is ‘haram’ therefore, refrain yourself from doing”Whatever is ‘haram’ therefore, refrain yourself from doing”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH

17. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

18. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
SECONDLY
 To belong to BANGSA MELAYU, we must not merely limit our
understanding of this without knowing the region (Malay world)
which we as Malays belong to.
 We are not the minority here nor should we accept the label as
“PENDATANG” (migrant) which (such labelling) has left the people
of NUSANTARA divided ever since the colonial and continue in
post colonial period. Without knowing our ASAL USUL (Roots) and
our SEJARAH (History), this misconception continue to be
exploited by those who wish to exploit us.

19. BENUA SUNDA – ‘THE SUNDA SHELF’
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ITS ORIGINAL
LANDSCAPE

20. #1 - MELAYU PROTO (PROTO MALAYS)
 The original people “ORANG ASLI” of the NUSANTARA were thought to
have migrated from Taiwan into South-east Asia and therefore were
alleged to be of recent stock. This theory has now been disproved.
 With recent study of DNA as validation, it is now proven that they were
much older people that migrated out of Africa and first to arrive in this
region - then a vast continent known as the SUNDA SHELF.
 After the catastrophe and flooding, this land mass submerged to form an
archipelago. Those who survived in jungles, secluded from others and
had kept marriage within their own tribes are known as Melayu Proto.
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21. #1 - MELAYU PROTO (PROTO MALAYS)
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SENOI
(CENTRAL)
SEMANG
(NORTHERN)
ORANG ASLI
(SOUTHERN)
BATEQ
JAHAI
KENSUI
KINTAQ
LANOH
MENDRIQ
CHEWONG
JAH HUT
MAH MERI
SEMAI
SEMAQ BERI
TEMIAR
JAKUN
ORANG KANAQ
ORANG KUALA
ORANG SELETAR
SEMELAI
TMUAN
Groupings in ‘SEMENANJUNG’ ( THE MALAY PENISULA)

22. #2 - MELAYU DEUTERO (DEUTRO MALAYS)
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 The Deutero Malays, unlike the Proto Malays, were those who lived
around the coastal who were prone to interact and intermarry with other
tribes, migrants and traders plying the East-West trade route or with
people in places they themselves have reached (Madagascar, India, Indo-
China, China, Hawaii, etc.). They were skilled seafarers and craftsmen,
had a well developed society and culture, having kingdoms and
civilizations – known even by ancient Greek chronicler Ptolemy (100CE).
 The people of the “Lost city of Atlantis” is believed to be of this group.

23. #2 - MELAYU DEUTERO (DEUTRO MALAYS)
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
 The DNA studies now show that through this group, after the great Toba
volcanic eruption, those people on the continents (India and China) were
almost wiped out, threatened extinction by its fall-out effect, but they
were re-populated through intermarriage with this the Deutero Malay
(who carry and thus transferred the oldest ‘Semang’ DNA of Proto-Malay,
to them).
 The cross-cultural evolution saw them adopting many traits and belief-
system identifying themselves as honourable people with a civilization,
unlike their kin (Proto) who shunned interaction with outside world.

24. “Melayu di tanah Semenanjung luas maknanya:
Jawa itu Melayu,
Bugis itu Melayu
Banjar juga disebut Melayu,
Minangkabau memang Melayu,
Keturunan Acheh adalah Melayu,
Jakun dan Sakai asli Melayu,
Arab dan Pakistani, semua Melayu
Mamak dan Malbari serap ke Melayu
Malah muaalaf bertakrif Melayu”
USMAN AWANG
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JAVANESE (JAVA)
BUGIS (CELEBES)
BANJAR (KALIMANTAN)
MINANGKABAU (SUMATRA)
ACHEH (SUMATRA)
JAKUN (QRANG ASLI)
SAKAI (ORANG ASLI)
ARAB (DESCENT)
PAKISTANI (DESCENT)
SOUTH INDIAN (DESCENT)
MALABARIS (DESCENT)
MUSLIM CONVERTS

25. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
“Surely the believers are none but brothers unto
one another, so set things right between your
brothers, and have fear of Allah that you may be
shown mercy.”
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 10)

26. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
““O you who have believed, (O you who have believed, (ISTAJEE-BUUISTAJEE-BUU) respond to Allah) respond to Allah
and to theand to the MessengerMessenger when he calls you to that whichwhen he calls you to that which
gives you lifegives you life. “. “
((Qur’an: Anfaal: 8: 24Qur’an: Anfaal: 8: 24))

27. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
“People are like minerals, the best of them in Jahiliyah
will still be the best amongst them in Islam,
so long as they have proper (profound) understanding.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi and Ahmad)

28. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
“The preservation of earlier teachings of the righteous
(predecessors) and the acceptance of whatever is new
(current local practices but when deemed as)
righteous”.
AN ACCEPTED PRINCIPLE ADOPTED IN DA’WAH IN THE NUSANTARAAN ACCEPTED PRINCIPLE ADOPTED IN DA’WAH IN THE NUSANTARA

29. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
 The term “Malay” – or “Bangsa Melayu” can be said to be one of the
youngest ‘grouping’ (if not the youngest) to evolve in this world, and
uses a different criterion unlike the older racial categories which relied
purely on genes and bloodline.
 Perhaps it is not unlike the phenomena in the term “American” (i.e.
instead of considering being American not as a nationality, but as
people adhering to common values, culture and ideals).
 The “Malay” today as a collective grouping of people is actually the
outcome of Islamisation of the Nusantara, through “civilizational
osmosis” and DA’WAH – peaceful invitation to Islam.

30. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
 But unlike Americans, the “Malay” as a ‘race’ evolved gradually and
peacefully in this region, not as a direct product of any political or
national hegemony carried out by massive migration of people
from the continent imposing themselves upon the new world.
 The history of the evolution of the Malay was through a process
involving centuries of cross-cultural assimilation, tolerance,
adaptation, without involving the need for ‘synthetic’ imposition of
one racial group over the other. In the concept of who are the
Malays, the following have been accepted as the criteria:

31. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
 The ‘Malays’ are those who:
1) live in the Malay archipelago (Nusantara);
2) .. speak the lingua franca (i.e. the Bahasa Melayu Riau, which is
the common origin from which have evolved the national
languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore);
3) and they are adherent to (or being reconciled to) the religion of
Islam, and
4) .. observe local customs/practices.
“MOST ESSENTIAL CRITERION OF BEING MALAY IS – BEING A MUSLIM”

32. NOTE:
ISLAMIZATION AND CONCEPT OF “PERANAKAN”
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#2 - MELAYU DEUTERO (DEUTRO MALAYS)
 The term “Peranakan” was first used to refer to those who were born in
the Straits Settlements but from parent, one or both, regarded as
‘PERANTAU’ (traveller from other part of Nusantara) or ‘PENDATANG’
(foreigner). By ‘Peranakan’ is to indicate their being assimilated with the
local Malays (Melayu). Example of organization – “JAWI PERANAKAN”.
 When they have fully assimilated, they are regarded same as the local -
MELAYU instead of their sub-dialect – and term Peranakan ceased to be
used for them. Most important criteria is that they must be a Muslim.

33. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

34. THE EXTENSIVE MALAY DIASPORA
LINKED BY LINGUISTIC (LANGUAGE)
GENETIC (DNA) AND CULTURE
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35. - MELANESOID (THOSE IN THE POLYNESIA-PACIFIC REGION)
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DUTY TO RECONNECT WITH THEM
ESPECIALLY THROUGH DA’WAH

36. =
=
MU-LI-YA MA-LA-YA ME-LA-YU
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37. A written historical documentations
from Francois Valentyn's “Description
Of Malacca (Early 18th Century)”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

38.  "The Malays of these countries are commonly called 'orang di
bawah angin' ie 'the people below the wind' (to leeward), or
else 'Easterlings' whilst those of the Occident, more especially
the Arabs are called 'orang atas angin' ie 'people above the
wind' or Occidentals; this is not that there are no other tribes
of that name, but that these two nations are the most
renowned, the most ingenious and the most civilised of that
race.
 The Malays are the most cunning, the most ingenious and the
politest people of the whole East.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

39.  Whether they have been thus called after the country, or
whether the country has been called after them, will be
shown by and by, when we shall have traced their origin as
far as back as possible, producing from their earliest history.
 They are of a rather pale hue and much fairer than other
natives of India, also much kinder, more polite, neater in
their manner of living, and in general so charming, that no
other people can be compared to them.
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40.  Their language, Bahasa Melayu ie, the Malay language
(whether called after the people or after the county) was not
only spoken on that coast, but was used through the whole
of India, and in all the eastern countries, as a language
understood everywhere and by every one, just as French or
Latin in Europe, or as the Lingua Franca in Italy or in the
Levant, at such an extent even that, knowing that language,
one never will be at loss, it being used and understood in
Persia, nay even beyond that country on that side, and also
as far as the Philippines.
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41.  And if you don't understand this language, you are considered
very badly educated man in the East, whilst the Malays are
accustomed to study it, trying their utmost to enlarge their
knowledge of it and to learn also the Arabic; even some
among them the Persian language too, and those who are
more studious still strive to obtain the knowledge of Sanskrit,
the mother-language of most of the idioms in the East."
from FB -The Patriots
Book page from National Archives of Malaysia
shows one of the page of Valentyn's book.
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42. THE MALAY - “ONE FAMILY OF PEOPLE”
– (LINKED BY COMMON RACIAL, TRIBAL, CULTURAL, HISTORICAL ROOTS)
WHICH OTHER NATIONS WERE JEALOUS OF
(HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO EXPLOITATION)
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43. KING CHOLA INVASION
(SOUTH INDIA)
NAM TIEN
(SOUTHWARD INVASION)
YUAN INVASION
(MONGOL))
KHMER
(LAOS – CAMBODIA)
DAI VIET
(VIETNAMESE)
AYUTHIYA
(THAILAND)
SUKHOTHAI
(THAILAND)
PORTUGUESE
EUROPEAN
(WESTERN IMPERIALISM)
SPANISH
DUTCH
BRITISH
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

44. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

45. AMONG OUR YOUNG,
SOME MAY BE DECEIVED BY THIS LIE …
KNOW THE TRUTH FROM
THE HISTORICAL FACTS …
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46. PAHLAWAN ACHEH
PAHLAWAN MELAKA
PAHLAWAN
BANGSA MORO
Datuk Lapu-lapu defeating Magellan at Mactan, Cebu
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47. Meriam Besar/ Seri PataniMeriam Rentaka/Lela
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48. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

49. ANCIENT KEDAH
KINGDOM & CIVILIZATION
ANCIENT CHAMPA
KINGDOM & CIVILIZATION
KINGDOM OF LANGKASUKA
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50. SRIVIJAYA EMPIRE
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51. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
MADJAPAHIT EMPIRE

52. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
MELAKA EMPIRE
VARIOUS SULTANATES
DEMAK MATARAM
KUTAI SIAK
PAGAR
RUYONG
BRUNEI
ACHEH PALEMBANG
SAMBAS
PONTIANAKGOA
SULU
MINDANAO
DELI

53. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
MALAYSIA
9 MALAY SULTANS
Constitutional Monarchs
SULTANATE:
KEDAH
PERLIS
KELANTAN
TRENGGANU
PERAK
SELANGOR
PAHANG
NEGERI SEMBILAN
JOHOR
BRUNEI
MALAY SULTANATE
Full Monarchy
CUSTOMARY RULERS
Relinquished powers for
formation of Republic
SULTANATE:
JAVA
PALEMBANG
RIAU
SIAK
MINANG
KALIMANTAN
GOA (SULAWESI)
ACHEH
INDONESA
PHILIPPPINES
CUSTOMARY RULERS
Relinquished powers for
formation of Republic
SULTANATE:
SULU
MINDANAO

54. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
KERIS - SYMBOL OF SOVERIGNITY OF THE MALAYS, ITS RULERS AND ITS PEOPLE

55. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
KERIS - SYMBOL OF SOVERIGNITY OF THE MALAYS, ITS RULERS AND ITS PEOPLE
KUASA RAJA YANG SEJAGAT
KEBANGGAAN RAKYAT YANG SETIA
KEMULIYAAN RAJA YANG SUSILA
KEKUATAN RAJA YANG SAKTI
KETAHANAN RAKYAT YANG SEPADU
KEAMANAN RAKYAT YANG SEJAHTERA

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57. BOROBUDUR
PRAMBANAN
9th-century Mahayana Buddhist
temple in Magelang, Java
9th-century Hindu temple
compound in Central Java
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58. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

59. MOUNTAIN TERRACES
IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE
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With this technique, massive rice
production in the region sustained
empires and encouraged growth
of civilizations in NUSANTARA

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61. SCULPTED ON BOROBUDUR RELIEF
A MUSEUM MODEL REPLICA
Photo-credit: gambar-transportasi.blogspot.sg
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62. The term “JONG” was from Javanese
“JONGKONG”, a massive ship then,
transporting cargoes. It out-sized other
oceangoing vessels known then.
Portuguese – “JUNCOS”; Italian – “ZONCHI”-
later it became spelt as “JUNK”
Photo-credit: gambar-transportasi.blogspot.sg
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63. WORLD FAMOUS DOUBLE-MAST
SAIL SHIP STILL BENG BUILT AND
USED FOR TRADING IN
NUSANTARA BY THE PEOPLE OF
SULAWESI
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Photo-credit: gambar-transportasi.blogspot.sg

64. KAPAL JUNG KAPAL LANCANG KUNING KAPAL NADE
KAPAL PADEWAKANG KAPAL GOLEKAN LETE KAPAL PAPUA
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017)) Photo-credit: http://artikelkumpulan98.blogspot.sg

65. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

66. ENRIQUE DE MALAKA
“Henry (the Black) of Malacca”
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• After defeat at Malacca, he was taken as
slave by Magellan. On the way back he
saved and guided the Portuguese fleet
after a storm with his navigational skills
and was brought back to Europe as
personal confidant of Magellan.
• He was baptised and named ‘Enrique’ to
avoid the threat against Muslims
entering Christendom. Some record
used the phrase “the Black” because of
his complexion, or “de Malacca” where
he was taken.

67. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
• Yet researchers believe he was from
Sumatra, serving in the naval
defence of the Melaka Sultan against
the Portuguese invaders (1511CE).
• The Indonesian claim he was from
Maluku (Moluccas) island and
therefore was of Bugis (sub-dialect)
upbringing, who thus were able to
easily communicate with the
‘Moros’ and ‘Indios’ when Magellan’s
fleet reached the Philippines.
ENRIQUE DE MALAKA
“Henry (the Black) of Malacca”

68. • Magellan were killed by a Muslim warrior
Datuk Lapu-lapu at Mactan on Cebu
island – therefore he did not complete
the circumnavigation.
• The surviving crew led by Enrique
subsequently managed to reach the
Malacca straits, where he remained as
this was his TANAH-AIR - homeland.
The rest of the Spanish crew reached
Spain one year later. Yet, the Western
historian credited Magellan as the first
circumnavigator.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
ENRIQUE DE MALAKA
“Henry (the Black) of Malacca”

69. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
ENRIQUE DE MALAKA
“Henry (the Black) of Malacca”

70. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

71. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
Keris making entails knowledge of how to combine
several types of iron, nickel or other metals – heated,
tampered and folded – repeated over many times.
More over they even know the various
techniques which not only harden the blade
but produces designs on the blade of the
Keris called the ”Pamor”.
“Pamor” is the true spirit of the Keris.
The pattern welding work demonstrates the
skills of the Empu (Master Keris maker) but
also characterizes the power of the blade.

72. Old ship which indicate Kuala Kedah was
the port exporting of IRON-ingots and
other minerals discovered here, - noted
even by the Greek. Malay peninsula was
called “Golden Chersonese (Peninsula)”
Archaeological evidence of many kilns for
brick making and numerous furnaces with
other traces proves this place was indeed
a centre for smelting iron ore made into
ingots. Its location to a port meant that it
was being exported.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))
SUNGEI BATU (KEDAH) EXCAVATION

73. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2017))

74. SINGAPURA WAS NEVER ‘TERRA NUILIS’ NOR HAS ITS
IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE TO THE MALAY
KINGDOM BEEN LOST BEFORE THE COMING OF THE
PORTUGUESE, DUTCH AND BRITISH HERE
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75. • KAMPUNG GELAM
• KOTA RAJA
• GEYLANG SERAI
• BUKIT BENDERA
• RADEN MAS
• TELOK BELANGA
• BUKIT MERAH
• BUKIT PERMAI
• BUKIT LARANGAN
• KOTA NONGCHIK
• KAMPUNG KAJI
• KAMPUNG TEMBAGA
• KAMPONG INTAN
• KAMPONG DALAM
• KAMPONG JEMPUT
• KAMPONG SELONG (CEYLON)
• JALAN KUBOR
• KAMPUNG BUGIS
• KAMPUNG KAPOOR
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76. AS THIS IS JUST A
PRELIMINARY REFLECTION,
AND DUE TO TIME CONSTRAIN –
I HAVE TO END HERE,
FOR THE MOMENT.
INSHA-ALLAH!
MAY WE HAVE OTHER OPPORTUNITY
TO REFLECT FURTHER.
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