[Slideshare] akhlaq- (january-2015) -lesson # 6 -types-of-nafs-[contn'd]-(25-february-2015)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
““INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDYINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
OF ‘OF ‘ILM -AL-AKHLAQILM -AL-AKHLAQ ””
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
LESSON # 6LESSON # 6
“VARIOUS STATES OF THE NAFS”
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OFINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF
‘‘ILM AL-AKHLAQILM AL-AKHLAQ
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
“Verily! You (Muhammad) are upon the
most exalted (Khuluq) disposition.”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)) UPDATED 25 FEBRUARY 2015UPDATED 25 FEBRUARY 2015
((continuecontinue))

STORY OF THE ANIMALSTORY OF THE ANIMAL
IN THE FARMIN THE FARM
HOW IS A PERSON’S “KHULUQ ”
(NATURAL DISPOSITION ) DEVELOPED?
TAUHEEDIC
PARADIGM
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

ESSENCE OF MAN
IS THE SPIRITUAL (SOUL)
LESSON # 4a –LESSON # 4a –
ABOUT THE ‘NAFS’ (SELF)

LESSON # 4a –LESSON # 4a –
ABOUT THE ‘NAFS’ (SELF)
LESSON # 5 –LESSON # 5 –
MANAGE & CONTROL YOUR POWER OR BE
CONTROLLED BY THEM
BEWARE OF SATAN YOUR AVOWED ENEMY

PREVIOUS LESSONPREVIOUS LESSON

Concerning this state of the nafs (self), it is stated in the Holy
Qur’an:
““And yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's innerAnd yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's inner
self (self (NAFS -AMMARAHNAFS -AMMARAH),), does incite [him] to evil, and saved aredoes incite [him] to evil, and saved are
only they upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace.only they upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace. Behold, myBehold, my
Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“
((Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53))

Relationship with the SelfRelationship with the Self
THE WORLDTHE WORLD
TIMETIME
SELFSELFBODYBODY
TONGUETONGUE
MINDMIND
DESIREDESIRE
HEARTHEART
Initial traitsInitial traits ::
[1] Appetite,[1] Appetite,
[2] Emotion still link to needs,[2] Emotion still link to needs,
[3] curiosity, memory,[3] curiosity, memory,
[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,
[5] application of[5] application of
basic sensory feelingsbasic sensory feelings
NAFS al-AMMARAHNAFS al-AMMARAH
(Commanding self)(Commanding self)
Link to variousLink to various
QuwwahQuwwah (powers):(powers):
[1][1] shahwiyyashahwiyya
(desires)(desires)
[2][2] ghadabiyyaghadabiyya
(anger)(anger)
[3][3] WahmiyahWahmiyah
(imaginative)(imaginative)
[4][4] ‘aqliyya‘aqliyya
(thoughts)(thoughts)
Importance of linguistics to thoughts:

Relationship with the SelfRelationship with the Self
THE WORLDTHE WORLD
TIMETIME
SELFSELFBODYBODY
TONGUETONGUE
MINDMIND
DESIREDESIRE
HEARTHEART
Initial traitsInitial traits ::
[1] Appetite,[1] Appetite,
[2] Emotion still link to needs,[2] Emotion still link to needs,
[3] curiosity, memory,[3] curiosity, memory,
[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,
[5] application of[5] application of
basic sensory feelingsbasic sensory feelings
NAFS al-AMMARAHNAFS al-AMMARAH
(Commanding self)(Commanding self)
Link to variousLink to various
QuwwahQuwwah (powers):(powers):
[1][1] shahwiyyashahwiyya
(desires)(desires)
[2][2] ghadabiyyaghadabiyya
(anger)(anger)
[3][3] WahmiyahWahmiyah
(imaginative)(imaginative)
[4][4] ‘aqliyya‘aqliyya
(thoughts)(thoughts)
Importance of linguistics to thoughts:
““He (Allah) has created man: He has impartedHe (Allah) has created man: He has imparted
unto him articulate thought and speech.” (Q:55: 3-5)unto him articulate thought and speech.” (Q:55: 3-5)

““O you who have believed,O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves]do not put [yourselves]
before Allah and His Messengerbefore Allah and His Messenger but be conscious andbut be conscious and
fear Allah (fear Allah (TAQWALLAAHTAQWALLAAH). Indeed, Allah is Hearing). Indeed, Allah is Hearing
and Knowing.”and Knowing.”
((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

“HAST THOU ever considered [the kind of man] whoHAST THOU ever considered [the kind of man] who
makes his own desires (HAWA)makes his own desires (HAWA) his deity, and whomhis deity, and whom
Allah has [thereupon] let go astray, knowing [that hisAllah has [thereupon] let go astray, knowing [that his
mind is closed to all guidancemind is closed to all guidance], and whose], and whose hearing andhearing and
heart He has sealedheart He has sealed, and upon whose, and upon whose sight He hassight He has
placed a veilplaced a veil? Who, then, could guide him after Allah? Who, then, could guide him after Allah
[has abandoned him]? Will you not, then, ([has abandoned him]? Will you not, then, (TADZAK-TADZAK-
KARUNKARUN) bethink your-selves? “) bethink your-selves? “
((Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 23Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 23))

““ALLURING unto man is the (ALLURING unto man is the (HUB-BUSH – SHAHAWAATHUB-BUSH – SHAHAWAAT))
enjoyment of worldly desires through women, andenjoyment of worldly desires through women, and
children, and heaped-up treasures of gold and silver,children, and heaped-up treasures of gold and silver,
and horses of high mark, and cattle, and lands. All thisand horses of high mark, and cattle, and lands. All this
may be enjoyed in the life of this world (may be enjoyed in the life of this world (DUN-YAADUN-YAA) - but) - but
the most beauteous of all goals is with Allah. “the most beauteous of all goals is with Allah. “
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 14Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 14))

““And nothing is the life of this world (And nothing is the life of this world (DUN-YAADUN-YAA) but a) but a
play and a passing delight; andplay and a passing delight; and the life in the hereafter isthe life in the hereafter is
by far the better for all who are conscious of Allahby far the better for all who are conscious of Allah
((YATTAQUUNYATTAQUUN) Will you not, then, use your reason? ”) Will you not, then, use your reason? ”
((Qur’an: An’am: 6: 32Qur’an: An’am: 6: 32))

““O you who have attained to faith!O you who have attained to faith! Respond to the call ofRespond to the call of
Allah and the Messenger whenever he calls you unto thatAllah and the Messenger whenever he calls you unto that
which will give you lifewhich will give you life; and know that Allah intervenes; and know that Allah intervenes
between man and [the desires of] his heart, and that untobetween man and [the desires of] his heart, and that unto
Him you shall be gathered.”Him you shall be gathered.”
((Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24))

““And recite to them, [O Muhammad], the news ofAnd recite to them, [O Muhammad], the news of himhim
to whom we gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but heto whom we gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but he
detached himself from themdetached himself from them; so Satan pursued him, and; so Satan pursued him, and
he became of the deviators.”he became of the deviators.”
((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 175Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 175 ))

““And if We had willed, we could have elevated himAnd if We had willed, we could have elevated him
therebythereby, but he adhered [instead] to the earth and, but he adhered [instead] to the earth and
followed his own desirefollowed his own desire. So his example is like that of. So his example is like that of
the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him,the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him,
he [still] pants. That is the example of the people whohe [still] pants. That is the example of the people who
denied Our signs. So relate the stories that perhaps theydenied Our signs. So relate the stories that perhaps they
will give thought.”will give thought.”
((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 176Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 176 ))

““AndAnd keep yourself patient [by being] with those whokeep yourself patient [by being] with those who
call upon their Lord in the morning and the eveningcall upon their Lord in the morning and the evening,,
seeking His countenance. And let not your eyes passseeking His countenance. And let not your eyes pass
beyond them, desiring adornments of the worldly life,beyond them, desiring adornments of the worldly life,
andand do not obey one whose heart We have madedo not obey one whose heart We have made
heedless of Our remembranceheedless of Our remembrance and who follows hisand who follows his
desire (desire (HAWA’HAWA’) and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.”) and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.”
((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 28Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 28))

The Arab (Bedouins) say, "We have believedThe Arab (Bedouins) say, "We have believed
((AA-MAN-NAAA-MAN-NA)." Say, "You have not [yet])." Say, "You have not [yet]
believed; but say [instead], 'We have submittedbelieved; but say [instead], 'We have submitted
((AS-LAM-NAAS-LAM-NA),' for faith has not yet entered),' for faith has not yet entered
your hearts. And if you obey Allah and Hisyour hearts. And if you obey Allah and His
Messenger, He will not deprive you from yourMessenger, He will not deprive you from your
deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgivingdeeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving
and Merciful.“and Merciful.“
((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 14Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 14 ))

MUSLIMMUSLIM
FIRST LEVEL TOWARDS HIGHER STATE OFFIRST LEVEL TOWARDS HIGHER STATE OF
TAQWATAQWA
BEGINS WITH ONE’S ACCEPTANCE OFBEGINS WITH ONE’S ACCEPTANCE OF
AL-ISLAMAL-ISLAM
Submission
TASAWWUR ISLAMTASAWWUR ISLAM
MAQOM AL-ISLAM

MUSLIMMUSLIM
Submission
LEVELS OF ATTAINMENTLEVELS OF ATTAINMENT
TOWARDS HGHEST STATE OFTOWARDS HGHEST STATE OF
TAQWATAQWA
MAQOM AL-ISLAM

MUSLIMMUSLIM
Submission
JAAHILJAAHIL NIFAAQNIFAAQ
KUFUR-NI’MAHKUFUR-NI’MAH GHAFLAHGHAFLAH
SHIRKSHIRK FAASADFAASAD ZOLEEMZOLEEM
MUJREEMMUJREEM
KADZIBKADZIB
ISRAAFISRAAF FAASIQFAASIQ
ITHMITHM
‘ILM – ‘AMAL - MUJAAHADAH
IF NO EFFORT DONE TOWARDS STRIVING FOR HIGHER STATIONS,
A MUSLIM MAY END-UP BECOMING ....
Etc.
TAQWATAQWA

MUSLIMMUSLIM
MU’MEENMU’MEEN
MUMUHHSEENSEEN
MUKHLISWEEN
MUTTAQEENMUTTAQEEN
Believer
Submission
Best or righteous conduct
Sincerity
God-consciousness or Piety
JAAHILJAAHIL NIFAAQNIFAAQ
KUFUR-NI’MAHKUFUR-NI’MAH GHAFLAHGHAFLAH
SHIRKSHIRK FAASADFAASAD ZOLEEMZOLEEM
MUJREEMMUJREEM
KADZIBKADZIB
ISRAAFISRAAF FAASIQFAASIQ
ITHMITHM
‘ILM – ‘AMAL - MUJAAHADAH
TAQWATAQWA
Etc.

””As for those who (As for those who (JAA-HADUJAA-HADU) strive in Us, We) strive in Us, We
surely guide them to Our paths (surely guide them to Our paths (SUBUU-LANSUBUU-LANA), andA), and
lo! Allah is with the good (lo! Allah is with the good (MUMUHH-SINEEN-SINEEN)”)”
((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 69Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 69))

And they will say: "All praise is due to Allah, who has guidedAnd they will say: "All praise is due to Allah, who has guided
us unto this;us unto this; for we would certainly not have found the rightfor we would certainly not have found the right
path unless Allah had guided us!path unless Allah had guided us! Indeed, our Sustainer'sIndeed, our Sustainer's
Messengers have told us the truth!“Messengers have told us the truth!“
((Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 43Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 43))

NOW TO CONTINUENOW TO CONTINUE

Although the dominant state in a person’s “Although the dominant state in a person’s “NafsNafs” may be the” may be the
Commanding Self, Allah s.w.t. has also equipped this “Commanding Self, Allah s.w.t. has also equipped this “nafsnafs” to” to
undergo another state called “undergo another state called “Nafs al-law-waa-mahNafs al-law-waa-mah”.”.
The literal translation of this is “The literal translation of this is “the reproaching selfthe reproaching self ” or “” or “thethe
accusing selfaccusing self ”.”.
This state usually in some people appears as an after-thought toThis state usually in some people appears as an after-thought to
an act. Especially when the negative effect of that act becomesan act. Especially when the negative effect of that act becomes
apparent.apparent.

Through experience and knowledge, this aspect of the “Through experience and knowledge, this aspect of the “NafsNafs””
serves as the counter to whatever suggestions put forth by theserves as the counter to whatever suggestions put forth by the
commanding self; you may equate it to what is called “commanding self; you may equate it to what is called “conscienceconscience”.”.
Its dominance over the commanding stateIts dominance over the commanding state, marks the, marks the beginningbeginning
of moralityof morality in person.in person.

Thus within us is aThus within us is a battle of sort for dominancebattle of sort for dominance betweenbetween
these two states. Usually because the commanding state has beenthese two states. Usually because the commanding state has been
dominant, suggestions from our “dominant, suggestions from our “Nafs al-law-waa-mahNafs al-law-waa-mah” may even at” may even at
times be ignored or opposed.times be ignored or opposed.
Islam teaches us to always listen to this state, as it is naturally inIslam teaches us to always listen to this state, as it is naturally in
agreement with all of its moral teachings and serves as an advocateagreement with all of its moral teachings and serves as an advocate
within man.within man.
To constantly neglect listening to this state may cause the effectTo constantly neglect listening to this state may cause the effect
of its “voice” to be gradually diminished.of its “voice” to be gradually diminished.

When it [i.e. “When it [i.e. “Nafs al-law-waa-mahNafs al-law-waa-mah”] is completely suppressed in”] is completely suppressed in
a person, then “a person, then “Na’uudzubillahNa’uudzubillah”[we seek refuge in Allah from this]”[we seek refuge in Allah from this]
that person will be completely immoral.that person will be completely immoral.
““NAY! I call to witness the Day of Resurrection! But nay! I callNAY! I call to witness the Day of Resurrection! But nay! I call
to witness the accusing voice of man's own conscience!”to witness the accusing voice of man's own conscience!”
((Qur’an: Qiyamah: 75: 1-2Qur’an: Qiyamah: 75: 1-2))

As humans, this innate consciousness in the “As humans, this innate consciousness in the “selfself ” will also” will also
serve as evidence for or against us in the hereafter.serve as evidence for or against us in the hereafter.
It is quite impossible to deny promptings from within ourselves,It is quite impossible to deny promptings from within ourselves,
whereas advice from others can simply be rejected, ignored andwhereas advice from others can simply be rejected, ignored and
forgotten.forgotten.
Also, we may deceive others into having them believe whateverAlso, we may deceive others into having them believe whatever
we want them to believe about ourselves. But we cannot deceivewe want them to believe about ourselves. But we cannot deceive
our own selves! (only those who are sick and self-deluded perhaps?)our own selves! (only those who are sick and self-deluded perhaps?)

““So direct your face toward the religion, inclining toSo direct your face toward the religion, inclining to
truth. [Adhere to] thetruth. [Adhere to] the FIFITwTwRAHRAH (i.e. God-given innate(i.e. God-given innate
nature) of Allah upon which He has created [all]nature) of Allah upon which He has created [all]
people.people. No change should there be in the creation ofNo change should there be in the creation of
AllahAllah. That is the correct religion, but most of the. That is the correct religion, but most of the
people do not know.”people do not know.”
((Qur’an: Rum: 30: 30Qur’an: Rum: 30: 30))

““And [by] the soul / self (And [by] the soul / self (NAFSNAFS) and He who proportioned it .) and He who proportioned it .
And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and itsAnd inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its
righteousnessrighteousness. He has succeeded who purifies it. And he has. He has succeeded who purifies it. And he has
failed who instills it [with corruption].”failed who instills it [with corruption].”
((Quran: Shams: 91: 7-10Quran: Shams: 91: 7-10))

MeaningMeaning : “ to create out of nothing,: “ to create out of nothing,
cleave/split/crack/break, be broken into pieces, cleavecleave/split/crack/break, be broken into pieces, cleave
asunder, begin to create.”asunder, begin to create.”
AlsoAlso : “ - natural disposition or constitution with which a child: “ - natural disposition or constitution with which a child
is created. The faculty of knowing God and capability ofis created. The faculty of knowing God and capability of
accepting the religion of truth, religion.”accepting the religion of truth, religion.”

““Among the words people obtained from the FirstAmong the words people obtained from the First
Prophecy (the earlier prophets) are: ‘Prophecy (the earlier prophets) are: ‘If you feel no shame,If you feel no shame,
then do as you wishthen do as you wish.’”.’”
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““Righteousness is good morality (disposition), andRighteousness is good morality (disposition), and
wrongdoing (sinfulness) is thatwrongdoing (sinfulness) is that which wavers in yourwhich wavers in your
NAFSNAFS - i.e. soul (self)”, and- i.e. soul (self)”, and which you dislike peoplewhich you dislike people
finding out aboutfinding out about.”.”
((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))

““Consult your heart (Consult your heart (QALBQALB), Righteousness is about which the soul), Righteousness is about which the soul
((NAFSNAFS-self) feels tranquil and the heart feels tranquil, and-self) feels tranquil and the heart feels tranquil, and
wrongdoing (sinfulness) is that which wavers in the soul (wrongdoing (sinfulness) is that which wavers in the soul (NAFSNAFS-self)-self)
and moves to and fro in your breast even though people, again andand moves to and fro in your breast even though people, again and
again, have given you their legal ruling [as to its permissibility].”again, have given you their legal ruling [as to its permissibility].”
((Hadith reported by Ahmad and Ad-DarimiHadith reported by Ahmad and Ad-Darimi))

““O CHILDREN of Adam! Indeed,O CHILDREN of Adam! Indeed, We have bestowedWe have bestowed
upon you from on highupon you from on high [the knowledge of making][the knowledge of making]
garments to cover your nakednessgarments to cover your nakedness , and, and as a thingas a thing
of beautyof beauty: but the garment of: but the garment of TAQWATAQWA (God-(God-
consciousness) is the best of all. Herein lies aconsciousness) is the best of all. Herein lies a
message from Allah, so that man” might take it tomessage from Allah, so that man” might take it to
heart (heart (YADZ-DZAK-KARUNYADZ-DZAK-KARUN).”).”
((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 26Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 26))

From the Islamic perspective, humankind was created with a naturalFrom the Islamic perspective, humankind was created with a natural
innate disposition (innate disposition (FITWRAHFITWRAH) distinctly different from the animals .) distinctly different from the animals .
““Consider the human self (Consider the human self (NAFSNAFS), and how it is formed in), and how it is formed in
accordance with what it is meant to be, and how it isaccordance with what it is meant to be, and how it is imbuedimbued
withwith moral failingsmoral failings as well as withas well as with consciousness of Allahconsciousness of Allah! “! “
((Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: Shams: 91: 7-10))

We are all imbued with the a moral compass, conscious of what isWe are all imbued with the a moral compass, conscious of what is
right and wrong; good and bad; just and unjust etc. – appreciative ofright and wrong; good and bad; just and unjust etc. – appreciative of
moral teachings which are in every religion throughout t history.moral teachings which are in every religion throughout t history.
And within us, we are equipped with ability to think and reasonAnd within us, we are equipped with ability to think and reason
(‘(‘AQLAQL). Yet we are not automatically bound by its dictates, as other). Yet we are not automatically bound by its dictates, as other
powers (powers (QUWWAHQUWWAH) within us also affect our decision.) within us also affect our decision.
Naturally (Naturally (FIFITWTWRAHRAH), human beings are inclined towards justice,), human beings are inclined towards justice,
towards doing what is right, appreciating goodness, kindness etc.towards doing what is right, appreciating goodness, kindness etc.
although ‘selfish’ desires (although ‘selfish’ desires (HAWAHAWA) within may tempt him to do) within may tempt him to do
otherwise.otherwise.
Within each one of us, tension do exist. And our enemy Satan, wouldWithin each one of us, tension do exist. And our enemy Satan, would
incite us towards corrupting our pure innate nature (incite us towards corrupting our pure innate nature (FIFITWTWRAHRAH).).

It is undeniable that humankind also has a ‘It is undeniable that humankind also has a ‘free-willfree-will’ in the matter.’ in the matter.
Although he is able to distinguish evil from good, yet most mayAlthough he is able to distinguish evil from good, yet most may
incline especially instigated and tempted, towards sinning despite ofincline especially instigated and tempted, towards sinning despite of
being warned that it would adversely affect him in the Hereafter:being warned that it would adversely affect him in the Hereafter:
““None the less manNone the less man chooseschooses to deny what liesto deny what lies
ahead of him (and thus persist in sinning),”ahead of him (and thus persist in sinning),”
((Qur’an: Qiyaamah: 75: 4))

“O children of Adam! Do not allow Satan to seduce you in
the same way as he caused your ancestors to be driven
out of the garden: he deprived them of their garment [of
God-consciousness - TAQWA] in order to make them
aware of their nakedness . Verily, he and his tribe are
lying in wait for you where you cannot perceive them!
Verily, We have placed [all manner of] satanic forces
near unto those who do not [truly] believe;”
(Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 27)

(SUPPLICATION) TAUGHT BY IMAM HABIB ‘ABDULLAH ALHADDAD(SUPPLICATION) TAUGHT BY IMAM HABIB ‘ABDULLAH ALHADDAD
IN KITAB “IN KITAB “ “ based on As-SUNNAH.“ based on As-SUNNAH.
““O my Lord (Allah)! I seek refuge in You from the (evil)O my Lord (Allah)! I seek refuge in You from the (evil)
whispering of satan, and I seek refuge in You from their everwhispering of satan, and I seek refuge in You from their ever
being present with me.”being present with me.”
DU’ADU’A
Allah SWT has given thisAllah SWT has given this Du’aDu’a , also as general guideline:, also as general guideline:

““ Say: ‘Say: ‘O my servants who have transgressedO my servants who have transgressed against theiragainst their
own souls!own souls! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah: for AllahDespair not of the Mercy of Allah: for Allah
forgives all sinsforgives all sins: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and bow to His [Will],Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and bow to His [Will],
before the Penalty comes on youbefore the Penalty comes on you: After that ye shall not be: After that ye shall not be
helped.”helped.”
((Qur’an: Surah az-Zumar: 39: 53-54Qur’an: Surah az-Zumar: 39: 53-54))

FITwRAHFITwRAH
SA-LEE-MAHSA-LEE-MAH
(Sound or Uncorrupted)(Sound or Uncorrupted)
Belief in Creator Fear HopeBelief in Justice Beauty etceteraShame Love

““O ye who believe! (be conscious of and ) fear Allah (O ye who believe! (be conscious of and ) fear Allah (TAQWATAQWA))
and let every soul (and let every soul (NAFSNAFS) look to what (provision) he has sent) look to what (provision) he has sent
forth for the morrow (hereafter).forth for the morrow (hereafter).
Yea, (be conscious of and) fear Allah (Yea, (be conscious of and) fear Allah (TAQWATAQWA) : for Allah is) : for Allah is
well-acquainted with (all) that ye do. And be ye not like thosewell-acquainted with (all) that ye do. And be ye not like those
who forgot Allah; and He made them forget their own souls!who forgot Allah; and He made them forget their own souls!
Such are the rebellious transgressors (Such are the rebellious transgressors (FAASIQUNFAASIQUN) ! Not equal) ! Not equal
are the Companions of the Fire and the Companions of theare the Companions of the Fire and the Companions of the
Garden: it is the Companions of the Garden, that will achieveGarden: it is the Companions of the Garden, that will achieve
Felicity.”Felicity.”
((Qur’an: Surah al-Hashr: 59: 18-20Qur’an: Surah al-Hashr: 59: 18-20))

Central to the teaching of Islam is consciousness of theCentral to the teaching of Islam is consciousness of the
Oneness of God (Oneness of God (TAUTAUHHEEDEED). This consciousness then permeates to). This consciousness then permeates to
teach us to consider our attitude and relationships towards ourteach us to consider our attitude and relationships towards our
Creator, ourselves and othersCreator, ourselves and others. It should lead to not merely an. It should lead to not merely an
awareness but to instil reverential fear of transgression (awareness but to instil reverential fear of transgression (TAQWATAQWA).).
Knowing Who Allah is, necessarily teaches us our place in His vastKnowing Who Allah is, necessarily teaches us our place in His vast
kingdom and what our relationship with them should be.kingdom and what our relationship with them should be. WithoutWithout
consciousness of Allahconsciousness of Allah, due to strong obsession with ourselves,, due to strong obsession with ourselves,
three (3) “three (3) “ailmentsailments” may accrue in our “” may accrue in our “NafsNafs” which impedes us” which impedes us
from the proper relationship with Allah, with ourselves and withfrom the proper relationship with Allah, with ourselves and with
others:others:All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

EGO-CENTRICITY LEADS TO VARIOUSEGO-CENTRICITY LEADS TO VARIOUS
MORTAL SINS IN OUR RELATIONSHIPS:MORTAL SINS IN OUR RELATIONSHIPS:

““By theBy the NAFSNAFS (Soul, or self) , and the proportion and(Soul, or self) , and the proportion and
order given to it;order given to it;
AndAnd its enlightenment as to its wrong and its rightits enlightenment as to its wrong and its right;―;―
Truly he succeeds that purifies it,Truly he succeeds that purifies it,
And he fails that corrupts it!”And he fails that corrupts it!”
((Qur’an: as-Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: as-Shams: 91: 7-10))

SELFSELF
RELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELFRELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELF

SELFSELF
RELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELFRELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELF
THE SIN OF SELF-CONCEIT*THE SIN OF SELF-CONCEIT*
* Vainglorious; self-centred

SELFSELF
ALLAHALLAH
RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAHRELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAH

SELFSELF
ALLAHALLAH
RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAHRELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAH
THE SIN OF INGRATITUDE*THE SIN OF INGRATITUDE*
* Obstinacy; unyielding

SELFSELF
OTHERSOTHERS
RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERSRELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERS

SELFSELF
OTHERSOTHERS
RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERSRELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERS
THE SIN OF ARROGANCE*THE SIN OF ARROGANCE*
* Proud; haughty

““Verily, man's inner self (Verily, man's inner self (NAFS - AMMARAHNAFS - AMMARAH), does incite [him] to), does incite [him] to
evil, andevil, and saved are only they upon whom my Sustainer bestowssaved are only they upon whom my Sustainer bestows
His grace (Mercy)His grace (Mercy). Behold, my Sustainer is much forgiving, a. Behold, my Sustainer is much forgiving, a
dispenser of grace!“dispenser of grace!“
((Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53))
MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,

MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,
“And your Lord says: "Call on (supplicate) Me; I will answer
your (Prayer): But those who are too arrogant to serve Me
will surely find themselves in Hell in humiliation!"
(Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 60)

AD-DU-’AA – MUAD-DU-’AA – MUKHKH--KHKHUL- ‘IBAA - DAA-TUL- ‘IBAA - DAA-T
"THE DU’A (SUPPLICATION) IS THE MARROW (ESSENCE)"THE DU’A (SUPPLICATION) IS THE MARROW (ESSENCE)
OF WORSHIP (SERVITUDE TO ALLAH)"-OF WORSHIP (SERVITUDE TO ALLAH)"-
(HADITH REPORTED BY BUKHARY)

AD-DU-’AA – HU-WAL- ‘IBAA - DAA-TAD-DU-’AA – HU-WAL- ‘IBAA - DAA-T
"THE DU’A (SUPPLICATION) IS THE WORSHIP (SERVITUDE"THE DU’A (SUPPLICATION) IS THE WORSHIP (SERVITUDE
TO ALLAH)"-TO ALLAH)"-
(HADITH REPORTED BY TIRMIDZII AND ABU DAWUD)

““O Allah! Verily I implore Mercy from You to guide with it, my heart”O Allah! Verily I implore Mercy from You to guide with it, my heart”
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL
ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE - AS-ALU-KA - RAALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE - AS-ALU-KA - RAHH-MATAN - MIN- ‘IN-DIK-MATAN - MIN- ‘IN-DIK
TAH-DEE - BI-HAA - QAL-BEETAH-DEE - BI-HAA - QAL-BEE
Fajr’ Du’a of Imam Habib ‘Abdullah ‘Alwi al-Haddad from :Fajr’ Du’a of Imam Habib ‘Abdullah ‘Alwi al-Haddad from :
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And with it (by Your Mercy), that You straighten (put to order)And with it (by Your Mercy), that You straighten (put to order)
my whole affairs for me”my whole affairs for me”
WA – TAJ – MA – ‘U – BI - HAA – SHAM - LEEWA – TAJ – MA – ‘U – BI - HAA – SHAM - LEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And with it (by Your Mercy) , that You restore easeAnd with it (by Your Mercy) , that You restore ease
(and peace of mind) to me”(and peace of mind) to me”
WA– TA– LUM – MU – BI - HAA – SHA – ‘A -WA– TA– LUM – MU – BI - HAA – SHA – ‘A - TSTSEEEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And with it (by Your Mercy) , to return to me my affectionAnd with it (by Your Mercy) , to return to me my affection
(and the familiar and amicable habits and companionship)”(and the familiar and amicable habits and companionship)”
WA – TA – RUD – DU – BI- HAA – UL – FA - TEEWA – TA – RUD – DU – BI- HAA – UL – FA - TEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You reform for me with it (by Your Mercy) , my entire way of life”And that You reform for me with it (by Your Mercy) , my entire way of life”
WA – TUWA – TUSWSW – LI – HU – BI - HAA – DEE - NEE– LI – HU – BI - HAA – DEE - NEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You preserve with it (by Your Mercy) ,And that You preserve with it (by Your Mercy) ,
what is hidden in me (or from me) ”what is hidden in me (or from me) ”
WA – TAWA – TAHH – FA – ZU – BI - HAA – GHAA – I - BEE– FA – ZU – BI - HAA – GHAA – I - BEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You elevate with it (by Your Mercy) ,And that You elevate with it (by Your Mercy) ,
what is manifested from me (or to me) ”what is manifested from me (or to me) ”
WA – TAR – FA – ‘U – BI – HAA -WA – TAR – FA – ‘U – BI – HAA - SHSHAA– HI- DEEAA– HI- DEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You purify and increase me with it (by Your Mercy), all my deeds ”And that You purify and increase me with it (by Your Mercy), all my deeds ”
WA – TUZAK – KEE – BI - HAA – ‘A-MA - LEEWA – TUZAK – KEE – BI - HAA – ‘A-MA - LEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You illuminate with it (by Your Mercy), my countenance (face) ”And that You illuminate with it (by Your Mercy), my countenance (face) ”
WA – TU– BAI – YI -WA – TU– BAI – YI - DWDWU – BI – HAA – WAJ - HEEU – BI – HAA – WAJ - HEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that You inspire me with it (by Your Mercy), my intellect (and) guidance ”And that You inspire me with it (by Your Mercy), my intellect (and) guidance ”
WA – TUL – HI– MU– NEE – BI – HAA – RUWA – TUL – HI– MU– NEE – BI – HAA – RUSHSH - DEE- DEE
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““And that with it (Your Mercy), You safeguard me from every evil ”And that with it (Your Mercy), You safeguard me from every evil ”
WA – TU’ –WA – TU’ – SWSWI –MU –NEE – BI – HAA - MIN – KUL – LI – SUU’I –MU –NEE – BI – HAA - MIN – KUL – LI – SUU’
## ۱۱
Excerpt of Du’a

““Be conscious of Allah (Be conscious of Allah (TAQWATAQWA) wherever you may be,) wherever you may be,
and follow-up whatever misdeeds you may haveand follow-up whatever misdeeds you may have
committed (as reparation) by doing (more) righteouscommitted (as reparation) by doing (more) righteous
deeds (for these) shall efface them (the negative effectdeeds (for these) shall efface them (the negative effect
of these misdeeds), and interact with people in the bestof these misdeeds), and interact with people in the best
manner of disposition (i.e. adopt a noble character).”manner of disposition (i.e. adopt a noble character).”
((Hadith reported by Tabrani from Abi DzarHadith reported by Tabrani from Abi Dzar))

““((KHU-DZIL-’AFWKHU-DZIL-’AFW) Make due allowance for man's nature (by forgiving) Make due allowance for man's nature (by forgiving
them), and enjoin the doing of what is right (them), and enjoin the doing of what is right (MA’RUFMA’RUF); and (); and (A’-RIDW –’ANILA’-RIDW –’ANIL
– JAA-HI-LEEN– JAA-HI-LEEN) leave alone all those who choose to remain ignorant. And if) leave alone all those who choose to remain ignorant. And if
it should happen that a prompting from Satan stirs thee up [to blind anger],it should happen that a prompting from Satan stirs thee up [to blind anger],
seek refuge with Allahseek refuge with Allah: behold, He is all-hearing, all-knowing.”: behold, He is all-hearing, all-knowing.”
((Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 199-200Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 199-200))

“Verily, they who are conscious of and fear Allah (TAQWA) bethink
themselves [of Him – TADZAK-KARU] whenever any dark
suggestion from Satan touches them - whereupon, lo! they begin to
see [things] clearly, even though their [godless] brethren would
[like to] draw them into error: and then they cannot fail [to do what
is right].”
(Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 201-202)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

““Say, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you ofSay, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you of
thethe greatest losersgreatest losers as to [their] deeds? [They are] thoseas to [their] deeds? [They are] those
whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that theywhose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that they
are doing well in work." Those are the onesare doing well in work." Those are the ones who disbelievewho disbelieve
in the verses of their Lord and in [their] meeting Himin the verses of their Lord and in [their] meeting Him, so, so
their deeds have become worthless; and We will not assigntheir deeds have become worthless; and We will not assign
to them on the Day of Resurrection any importance. That isto them on the Day of Resurrection any importance. That is
their recompense - Hell - for what they denied andtheir recompense - Hell - for what they denied and
[because] they took My signs and My messengers in[because] they took My signs and My messengers in
ridicule. ”ridicule. ”
((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 103-106Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 103-106))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

““And You are our Lord Sustainer, Truly (without doubt),And You are our Lord Sustainer, Truly (without doubt),
And we are but Your slaves - bondsmen, ”And we are but Your slaves - bondsmen, ”
““O Allah ! To You belong all Praises as (expression of our) Thanks,O Allah ! To You belong all Praises as (expression of our) Thanks,
And Yours are all the favours and Grace ”And Yours are all the favours and Grace ”
Du’a compiled by Sayyidina al-Sheikh Abi Bakr bin Salim rhm.a.Du’a compiled by Sayyidina al-Sheikh Abi Bakr bin Salim rhm.a.

““O You Who make easy every difficulty,O You Who make easy every difficulty,
O You Who heals every kind of fracture (or things broken)”O You Who heals every kind of fracture (or things broken)”
““And You will always be deserving of thatAnd You will always be deserving of that
( our worship and servitude)”( our worship and servitude)”

““O You Who is Companion to those who are alone,O You Who is Companion to those who are alone,
O You Who is the Enricher of everyone who are in poverty”O You Who is the Enricher of everyone who are in poverty”
““O You Who is the Strengthener of all the weak,O You Who is the Strengthener of all the weak,
O You Who is the Comforter of all who are frightened”O You Who is the Comforter of all who are frightened”

““Make easy for us every of our difficulties.Make easy for us every of our difficulties.
For You to ease hardship, is indeed easy for You (to do)”For You to ease hardship, is indeed easy for You (to do)”
““O Allah! (You) Who need no clarification nor explanation,O Allah! (You) Who need no clarification nor explanation,
We have many needs, and You know them all very well (Help us!)”We have many needs, and You know them all very well (Help us!)”
Rest of DU’A … will be attached separatelyAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

““I saw that committing sin kills the (spiritual) heartI saw that committing sin kills the (spiritual) heart
And to persist in doing it leads to utter humiliation;And to persist in doing it leads to utter humiliation;
And (on the contrary, striving) to refrain from committingAnd (on the contrary, striving) to refrain from committing
sins revives the (spiritual) heart;sins revives the (spiritual) heart;
And to oppose (every forms of) sin is (ultimately) good for your SoulAnd to oppose (every forms of) sin is (ultimately) good for your Soul.”
((Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak rahmImam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak rahm.).)

““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be trueO Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true
and grant us the ability to follow it.and grant us the ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be falseAnd make us see Falsehood to be false
and grant us the ability to reject it.”and grant us the ability to reject it.”

O Allah! There is none who can withholdO Allah! There is none who can withhold
what You send, nor send whatever You withholdwhat You send, nor send whatever You withhold

Neither can they guide whom You leave astrNeither can they guide whom You leave astray
Nor can they lead astray whom You have guided

Neither can they give whatever You deprive,Neither can they give whatever You deprive,
nor can they deprive to whom You givenor can they deprive to whom You give

Neither (can any) draw closer those whom You cast,Neither (can any) draw closer those whom You cast,
nor (can any) be cast those whom You draw closernor (can any) be cast those whom You draw closer

O Allah! Bestow upon us from Your blessings,O Allah! Bestow upon us from Your blessings,
and Your mercy, and Your grace and Yourand Your mercy, and Your grace and Your
provisions.provisions.

O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight (favours)O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight (favours)
that never ends nor fades away.that never ends nor fades away.

O Allah! I ask You for provisions (favours)O Allah! I ask You for provisions (favours)
on the Day of deprivation (Hereafter),on the Day of deprivation (Hereafter),
and the safety on the Day of fear (Judgement Day).and the safety on the Day of fear (Judgement Day).

O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evilO Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil
repercussions of what You have given us andrepercussions of what You have given us and
from the evil of what You have deprived us of.from the evil of what You have deprived us of.

"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have
forgotten or erred.forgotten or erred.
Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that whichOur Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which
You laid upon those before us.You laid upon those before us.
Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have noOur Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no
ability to bear.ability to bear.
And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us.And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us.
You are our protector, so give us victory over theYou are our protector, so give us victory over the
disbelieving people."disbelieving people."

““O Allah! MakeO Allah! Make faithfaith ((iimaniiman)) dear to us anddear to us and beautify it in ourbeautify it in our
hearts and makehearts and make disbeliefdisbelief ((KufrKufr),), sinningsinning ((FusuqFusuq) and) and
rebelliousness (rebelliousness (`isyan`isyan) hateful to us,) hateful to us,
and make us among theand make us among the rightly guidedrightly guided ((Raa-shi-duunRaa-shi-duun).”).”

O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as MuslimsO Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims
and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones,and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones,
without tasting humiliation or turmoil.without tasting humiliation or turmoil.

‘‘And (may AllAnd (may Allaah send) salutations and prayers upon Muh send) salutations and prayers upon Muhhammadammad
and upon the householdand upon the household
and companions of Muand companions of Muhhammadammad
(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).

““Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power!Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power!
(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!
And Peace on the Messengers!And Peace on the Messengers!
And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:
108All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))

[Slideshare] akhlaq- (january-2015) -lesson # 6 -types-of-nafs-[contn'd]-(25-february-2015)

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