An overview of all the ICT technologies involved in the development of solutions to adopt the Smart City concept, considering the whole value chain from data acquisition to the visualization of these data. Finally there is a short introduction to the IoT

1. Slicing Smart Cities
A short introduction to the urban spaces of
the 21st
century
Slice 2. Applied ICT Technologies
Created by Joan Manuel Lopez
@TheBitCity
Under CC BY-SA 4.0 License

2. 2
➢ Applied ICT technologies
✔ The role of ICT
✔ The technological value chain
✔ Data acquisition
✔ Data transmission
✔ Information management
✔ Visualization
✔ The Internet of Things (IoT)

3. 3
The role of ICT
✔ Digital communication devices widely used by the
21st
century society
✔ Tools which provide ubiquitous and immediate
access to information
✔ Huge capacity for analysis and knowledge
generation
✔ Support to the provision of services
They are not an objective by themselves

4. 4
The value chain
ACQUISITION TRANSMISSION STORAGE PROCESSING VISUALIZATION
Icons made by Freepik from flaticon.com under CC BY 3.0 license

5. 5
Data acquisition
Data
Sources of data
Sensors
Datasets – Open Data
Apps users
(Social Networks, ...)

6. 6
Data acquisition
Sensor. Device able to convert physical or chemical
magnitudes into measurable electrical
signals.
WHAT do they measure.
Position, movement, deformation, strength, pressure,
flow, temperature, presence...
HOW do they measure that.
Inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, piezoelectric,
photoelectric, Doppler...

7. 7
Data acquisition
Citizen as data source
➔ Applications
➔ Entering data through forms
➔ Storage of cookies (web)
➔ Social Networks
➔ Likes, comments associated with a hashtag...
➔ Interest groups (hobbies, politics, cultural, ...)

8. 8
Data transmission
Network. Set of computers and other devices
interconnected through communication
channels that facilitates the interchange of
information and other kind of resources
among its users

9. 9
Data transmission
Backbone Network (SDH, WDWM, …)
Optical Fiber, Radiolinks, Coaxial, Satellite
Gateway
WSN - LPWANWSN - LPWAN
LoRa, Sigfox,
6LowPAN, NB-IoT,
Zigbee, Weigthless
Station
Cellular TelephonyCellular Telephony
GSM, GPRS (2G)
UMTS, HSPA (3G)
LTE (4G), 5G
Last MileLast Mile
xDSL, FTTx,
WiMAX, PLC
Wi-Fi

10. 10
Information management
DATA
STORAGE
+
PROCESSING
INFORMATION
(apps, web, panels)
Big Data
Cloud Computing
etc...

11. 11
Information management
Storage. Databases.
Relational
➢ Based on tables
➢ Columns for each
attribute
➢ Relationship with other
tables through key values
➢ Non scalables
No Relational (NoSQL)
➢ Based on key/value pairs
➢ Based on documents
➢ Based on graphs
➢ Scalables
➢ Horizontal growth
PostgreSQL, MySQL MongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra, Redis, ...

12. 12
Information management
Storage. Databases.
➢ Structured data.
Relational DBs, tables
➢ Not structured data.
Free text, images, video
➢ Semistructured data.
XML, JSON formats
90% of data is not
structured

13. 13
Information management
Processing. Conversion of data into useful
information for the decision making.
3ºC
Barcelona
Pl. Catalunya
January 7:00h July 12:00h
Dress warmly! error
Icon made by Freepik from flaticon.com under CC BY 3.0 license

14. 14
Information management
Big Data. Huge volumes of information, generated at
huge speed and/or huge variety which
require innovative ways for their
processing, effective in terms of time and
cost, so that they allow improve the
knowledge and become a more reliable
support in the decision making and process
automation.
✔ 3 V's  Volume – Velocity – Variety
✔ Big capacity of data generation  Obsolescence of current technologies

15. 15
Information management
Big Data. Technologies.
✔ Storage  Massive
✔ Transport  Agile
✔ Analysis / Processing  Distributed
✔ Infrastructure  Scalable
➢ Use of NoSQL DBs
➢ Distributed processing  Map Reduce
➢ Platforms  Hadoop, Spark, ...

16. 16
Information management
Cloud Computing.
Set of programmes and services hosted in a
remote server, accesible through the Internet, in
which the information generated by these
applications or services is also stored.
XaaS
Software
Platform
Infrastructure
as a Service

17. 17
Information management
Cloud Computing. Examples
SaaS - centralized software under license based on suscription
Google Docs, gmail, TeamWork, Salesforce, etc.
PaaS – development, management and run applications
MS Azure, RedHat OpenShift, etc.
IaaS - servers on demand managed by the user
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), OpenStack, etc.

18. 18
Information management
✔ Ubiquity
✔ Low cost
➔ Pay by use
✔ Scalable
✔ Updated by the provider
➔ Always updated
✗ Dependency on an
Internet connection
✗ Dependency on
providers
✗ Security/Privacy
Cloud Computing. Pros and Cons

19. 19
Data visualization
➢ Applications and digital services
➢ Web, mobile, ...
➢ Control centers
➢ Traffic, railways, security, ...
➢ Electronic devices
➢ Info panels

20. 20
The Internet of Things (IoT)
Talking objects
➢ They send tweets
➢ They send SMS
➢ They send alerts
According to a set of
predetermined conditions

21. 21
The Internet of Things (IoT)
Interconnection through the Internet of computing
devices embedded in mechanical or digital machines,
common objects, animals or people, which are given a
unique identifier and which are able to autonomously
send and receive data.
➔ Interchange of small amounts of information at regular intervals
or on demand.
➔ Need for low consumption.
➔ Isolated sensors/actuators supplied with bateries

22. 22
The Internet of Things (IoT)
What does it make it possible.
✔ Affordable sensors / actuators
✔ Programmable microelectronic (SoC), cheap and efficient
✔ Low consumption devices
✔ IPv6 protocol
✔ Maturity of the radiocommunication technologies
➔ New dedicated technologies (Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT)
✔ Huge capacity of storage
✔ Cloud Computing
✔ Capacity of control from any digital device

23. Thank you!
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