September 2012
You will hear about a prototype desalination technique that betters conventional capacitive deionization methods as well as reverse osmosis.
In 2014 Todd Wacome delivered this presentation at the Portland Oregon StormCon. The talk focused around stormwater treatment issues and the unveiling of novel approach to stormwater filtration at the catch basin level.
Kankroli Tyre Plant(KTP), A unit of JK Tyre & Industries LimitedIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Kankroli Tyre Plant, one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
Elgin Equipment Group's Coanda Screens are Tough, Proven Solutions for a variety of applications including small hydro, micro hydro, and low head sites.
September 2012
You will hear about a prototype desalination technique that betters conventional capacitive deionization methods as well as reverse osmosis.
In 2014 Todd Wacome delivered this presentation at the Portland Oregon StormCon. The talk focused around stormwater treatment issues and the unveiling of novel approach to stormwater filtration at the catch basin level.
Kankroli Tyre Plant(KTP), A unit of JK Tyre & Industries LimitedIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Kankroli Tyre Plant, one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
Elgin Equipment Group's Coanda Screens are Tough, Proven Solutions for a variety of applications including small hydro, micro hydro, and low head sites.
Aquasource’s mission is to develop membrane systems and their processes for water treatment: drinking water production, process water production, desalination and reuse of traited wastewater.
Remote Monitoring of Rural Water Supplies Using Grundfos LIFELINKIRC
By Andrew Armstrong, Community Development Programs Manager, Water Missions International. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, 9-11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Qorvo TQF6405 High Band FEM SMR-BAW Filter iPhone 6s Plus 2016 teardown reve...Yole Developpement
orvo started as a supplier for Apple’s iPhone with the first iPhone 3G. Since then Apple has been integrating Qorvo’s Module in its flagship. In iPhone 6s series, Apple integrates Qorvo’s LTE High Band Front-End Module.
The merge of Triquint and RFMD in Qorvo formed a top competitor in wireless communication specially in SMR BAW filter.
Located on the main board of the Apple iPhone 6s Plus smartphone, the Qorvo TQF6405 is a complete Front-End Module for high band LTE application. The component is made with several filter dies, assembled on a coreless PCB substrate. It integrates many technology like copper pillar, SMR-BAW filter, proprietary of Qorvo.
All dies present in the component uses TriQuint's proven front-side Cu/Sn pillar technology (Cu-Flip™) for simplified assembly and low interconnect inductance, allowing the assembly of all components of the Front-End Module on the same chip with an area of less than 35 mm².
Specific air cavities are made around each resonator before copper pillar fabrication to preserve any losses.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
At 5G Technology Summit in Shanghai, NXP's Paul Hart, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Radio Frequency, will share the evolution to 5G that builds on 4G and Pre-5G. Click through and explore how 5G works with RF front end solutions and power amplifiers.
From almost zero to a multi-billion dollar market in three years!
Apple introduced the iPhone 5s in 2013, after acquiring Authentec a year earlier. Since then, fingerprint sensors have been massively adopted, and the volumes of sensors shipped into the consumer market have grown incredibly. At first, the sensors were a convenience and protection feature for unlocking phones. However, they are now shifting into a security feature for online identification and mobile payment in an increasing number of smartphones.
From 23 million units in 2013, 689 million fingerprint sensors for smartphones were sold in 2016. This is an incredible 210% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2013 and 2016! The 2016-2022 timeframe will see a more reasonable, but still impressive, 19% CAGR.
Fingerprint sensing is becoming a mandatory feature on every smartphone, adding a lot of value. However such an increase in volume is always followed by strong cost pressure, and this is what has happened over the last three years. The average cost of a fingerprint sensor has decreased from around $5 in 2013 to $3 in 2016, and even less for low-end technologies. And the pressure hasn’t gone away. Current technologies have now reached maturity, and are threatened by new technologies, which need lower cost to gain momentum. This is the case for ultrasonic detection, for instance.
For more information please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
UV LEDs - Technology, Manufacturing and Application Trends 2016 Report by Yol...Yole Developpement
After fast adoption of UVA LEDs for curing applications, UVC LEDs for purification/disinfection are now ready
FOLLOWING THE UV CURING BOOM, DISINFECTION AND PURIFICATION APPLICATIONS ARE FINALLY READY TO TAKE OFF
The UVC LED industry is still small but strong growth is expected in the next 18 months due to dramatic price reductions. In 2016 prices are 1/8-1/10 of what they were in 2015. This has been triggered by the industry’s development, its transition to mass production and improved device performance. With most of the industry believing that $1-$4/mW is the price that would trigger mass market adoption we are getting close to a UVC LED market boom. Another positive sign is that most UVC LED manufacturers are now focusing on developing cost-effective solutions rather than improving device power output. In parallel, the UVC LED industry continues to work on increasing lifetime and developing lower wavelength devices, below 280nm.
UVA LEDs continue to progress in the UV curing space. Continuous improvement of device performance coupled with price reduction has allowed the technology to be increasingly adopted in UV curing applications. Penetration of UV LEDs is increasing but we observe differences in adoption rates depending on application. Small size and low speed applications like spot adhesive and digital inkjets have the highest adoption rate, and most new developments use UV LEDs. This is due to the small module size and low irradiance level needed that limits the extra cost of integrating UV LEDs compared to the total price of systems like inkjet printers. On the other hand, applications that need high speed processes and/or high levels of irradiance such as screen printing or coating applications have lower adoption rates. This is because UV LED performance is not yet good enough to fully replace traditional mercury lamps.
In this context, we expect the UVC LED market to strongly grow from $7M in 2015 to $610M by 2021. Despite increased penetration rate in all applications, the UVA LED market will grow more slowly, from $107M in 2015 to $357M by 2021, moderated by price pressure.
The report presents a comprehensive review of all UV light applications including analysis of UV curing, UV purification/disinfection and analytical instruments. It highlights the UV LED working principle, market structure, UV LED market drivers and associated challenges, recent trends, new applications created by UV LEDs, UV LED market size split by application, and much more.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
RF Front End modules and components for cellphones 2017 - Report by Yole Deve...Yole Developpement
A dynamic market with high responsivity to technical innovation, the RF front end industry is set to grow at 14% CAGR to reach $22.7B in 2022.
A market that will more than double in six years!
The radio-frequency (RF) front end and components market for cellphones is highly dynamic. From being worth $10.1B last year, it is expected to reach $22.7B in 2022. Such high growth is definitely something that players in other semiconductor markets would envy. However, the growth is not evenly distributed.
Filters represent the biggest business in the RF front end industry, and the value of this business will more than triple from 2016 to 2022. Most of this growth will derive from additional filtering needs from new antennas as well as the need for more filtering functionality due to multiple carrier aggregation (CA).
Power amplifiers (PAs) and low noise amplifiers (LNAs), the second biggest business, will be almost flat over the same period. High-end LTE PA market growth will be balanced by a shrinking 2G/3G market. The LNA market will grow steadily, especially thanks to the addition of new antennas.
Switches, the third biggest business, will double. This market will mainly be driven by antenna switches.
Lastly, antenna tuners, a small business today with an estimated $36M market value, will expand 7.5-fold to reach $272M in 2022. This growth is mainly due to tuning being added to both the main and the diversity antennas.
For more discussion, please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Detailed analysis of HTC's smart approach to the VR experience
The Virtual Reality (VR) market has raised expectations extremely high. It is already worth several billion US dollars per year and growing rapidly, with millions of headsets due to be sold in coming years.
Three main companies lead thiHTC CMOS Image Sensor Die System Plus Consultings new market: HTC Corporation, Oculus VR, which was bought by Facebook in 2014 for $2 billion, and Sony Playstation.
They think this market has enough potential to invest billions of dollars to get ahead of their competitors. Most other major manufacturers also want good market shares, including Microsoft, Intel, Google, AMD, Samsung, Huawei, Archos and Alcatel.
Winning in this market is now HTC’s all-or-nothing strategy. The HTC Vive VR Head-Mounted Display (HMD) is aimed at saving HTC from collapse. Vive VR can be used in different sectors, including gaming, entertainment, health, automotive, retail and education. It promises a premium VR experience.
For more information please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Aquasource’s mission is to develop membrane systems and their processes for water treatment: drinking water production, process water production, desalination and reuse of traited wastewater.
Remote Monitoring of Rural Water Supplies Using Grundfos LIFELINKIRC
By Andrew Armstrong, Community Development Programs Manager, Water Missions International. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, 9-11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Qorvo TQF6405 High Band FEM SMR-BAW Filter iPhone 6s Plus 2016 teardown reve...Yole Developpement
orvo started as a supplier for Apple’s iPhone with the first iPhone 3G. Since then Apple has been integrating Qorvo’s Module in its flagship. In iPhone 6s series, Apple integrates Qorvo’s LTE High Band Front-End Module.
The merge of Triquint and RFMD in Qorvo formed a top competitor in wireless communication specially in SMR BAW filter.
Located on the main board of the Apple iPhone 6s Plus smartphone, the Qorvo TQF6405 is a complete Front-End Module for high band LTE application. The component is made with several filter dies, assembled on a coreless PCB substrate. It integrates many technology like copper pillar, SMR-BAW filter, proprietary of Qorvo.
All dies present in the component uses TriQuint's proven front-side Cu/Sn pillar technology (Cu-Flip™) for simplified assembly and low interconnect inductance, allowing the assembly of all components of the Front-End Module on the same chip with an area of less than 35 mm².
Specific air cavities are made around each resonator before copper pillar fabrication to preserve any losses.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
At 5G Technology Summit in Shanghai, NXP's Paul Hart, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Radio Frequency, will share the evolution to 5G that builds on 4G and Pre-5G. Click through and explore how 5G works with RF front end solutions and power amplifiers.
From almost zero to a multi-billion dollar market in three years!
Apple introduced the iPhone 5s in 2013, after acquiring Authentec a year earlier. Since then, fingerprint sensors have been massively adopted, and the volumes of sensors shipped into the consumer market have grown incredibly. At first, the sensors were a convenience and protection feature for unlocking phones. However, they are now shifting into a security feature for online identification and mobile payment in an increasing number of smartphones.
From 23 million units in 2013, 689 million fingerprint sensors for smartphones were sold in 2016. This is an incredible 210% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2013 and 2016! The 2016-2022 timeframe will see a more reasonable, but still impressive, 19% CAGR.
Fingerprint sensing is becoming a mandatory feature on every smartphone, adding a lot of value. However such an increase in volume is always followed by strong cost pressure, and this is what has happened over the last three years. The average cost of a fingerprint sensor has decreased from around $5 in 2013 to $3 in 2016, and even less for low-end technologies. And the pressure hasn’t gone away. Current technologies have now reached maturity, and are threatened by new technologies, which need lower cost to gain momentum. This is the case for ultrasonic detection, for instance.
For more information please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
UV LEDs - Technology, Manufacturing and Application Trends 2016 Report by Yol...Yole Developpement
After fast adoption of UVA LEDs for curing applications, UVC LEDs for purification/disinfection are now ready
FOLLOWING THE UV CURING BOOM, DISINFECTION AND PURIFICATION APPLICATIONS ARE FINALLY READY TO TAKE OFF
The UVC LED industry is still small but strong growth is expected in the next 18 months due to dramatic price reductions. In 2016 prices are 1/8-1/10 of what they were in 2015. This has been triggered by the industry’s development, its transition to mass production and improved device performance. With most of the industry believing that $1-$4/mW is the price that would trigger mass market adoption we are getting close to a UVC LED market boom. Another positive sign is that most UVC LED manufacturers are now focusing on developing cost-effective solutions rather than improving device power output. In parallel, the UVC LED industry continues to work on increasing lifetime and developing lower wavelength devices, below 280nm.
UVA LEDs continue to progress in the UV curing space. Continuous improvement of device performance coupled with price reduction has allowed the technology to be increasingly adopted in UV curing applications. Penetration of UV LEDs is increasing but we observe differences in adoption rates depending on application. Small size and low speed applications like spot adhesive and digital inkjets have the highest adoption rate, and most new developments use UV LEDs. This is due to the small module size and low irradiance level needed that limits the extra cost of integrating UV LEDs compared to the total price of systems like inkjet printers. On the other hand, applications that need high speed processes and/or high levels of irradiance such as screen printing or coating applications have lower adoption rates. This is because UV LED performance is not yet good enough to fully replace traditional mercury lamps.
In this context, we expect the UVC LED market to strongly grow from $7M in 2015 to $610M by 2021. Despite increased penetration rate in all applications, the UVA LED market will grow more slowly, from $107M in 2015 to $357M by 2021, moderated by price pressure.
The report presents a comprehensive review of all UV light applications including analysis of UV curing, UV purification/disinfection and analytical instruments. It highlights the UV LED working principle, market structure, UV LED market drivers and associated challenges, recent trends, new applications created by UV LEDs, UV LED market size split by application, and much more.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
RF Front End modules and components for cellphones 2017 - Report by Yole Deve...Yole Developpement
A dynamic market with high responsivity to technical innovation, the RF front end industry is set to grow at 14% CAGR to reach $22.7B in 2022.
A market that will more than double in six years!
The radio-frequency (RF) front end and components market for cellphones is highly dynamic. From being worth $10.1B last year, it is expected to reach $22.7B in 2022. Such high growth is definitely something that players in other semiconductor markets would envy. However, the growth is not evenly distributed.
Filters represent the biggest business in the RF front end industry, and the value of this business will more than triple from 2016 to 2022. Most of this growth will derive from additional filtering needs from new antennas as well as the need for more filtering functionality due to multiple carrier aggregation (CA).
Power amplifiers (PAs) and low noise amplifiers (LNAs), the second biggest business, will be almost flat over the same period. High-end LTE PA market growth will be balanced by a shrinking 2G/3G market. The LNA market will grow steadily, especially thanks to the addition of new antennas.
Switches, the third biggest business, will double. This market will mainly be driven by antenna switches.
Lastly, antenna tuners, a small business today with an estimated $36M market value, will expand 7.5-fold to reach $272M in 2022. This growth is mainly due to tuning being added to both the main and the diversity antennas.
For more discussion, please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Detailed analysis of HTC's smart approach to the VR experience
The Virtual Reality (VR) market has raised expectations extremely high. It is already worth several billion US dollars per year and growing rapidly, with millions of headsets due to be sold in coming years.
Three main companies lead thiHTC CMOS Image Sensor Die System Plus Consultings new market: HTC Corporation, Oculus VR, which was bought by Facebook in 2014 for $2 billion, and Sony Playstation.
They think this market has enough potential to invest billions of dollars to get ahead of their competitors. Most other major manufacturers also want good market shares, including Microsoft, Intel, Google, AMD, Samsung, Huawei, Archos and Alcatel.
Winning in this market is now HTC’s all-or-nothing strategy. The HTC Vive VR Head-Mounted Display (HMD) is aimed at saving HTC from collapse. Vive VR can be used in different sectors, including gaming, entertainment, health, automotive, retail and education. It promises a premium VR experience.
For more information please visit our website: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
Kadena USAF Air Base, Okinawa, Japan; Waste To Energy Feasibility StudyJeffrey Riegle
This is the finding report that our team created for the Kadena USAF Air Base, Okinawa, Japan; Waste To Energy Feasibility Study. It looked at three different technologies: Incineration, Plasma Gasification, and Anaerobic Digestion. Lots of good information, and more backup can be found in the report.
Provided technical input, peer review, environmental, and project oversight for a feasibility study to evaluate incineration, plasma gasification, and anaerobic digestion as waste to energy technologies on the island of Okinawa, Japan. Each technology was evaluated for technical feasibility with the current waste stream at KAB, potential energy generation and uses, cost and payback, and potential environmental issues.
Based on this evaluation, a Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Assessment Report was prepared for KAB. This report discusses the feasibility of each of these waste-to-energy technologies, evaluates environmental permitting issues for each technology, recommends uses for generated energy (electricity, steam, etc.), and discusses life cycle costs and payback. Recommendations were made regarding the preferred waste-to-energy technology for implementation at KAB.
Manufacture and Distributor of Solar Inverter and Controller, Bio Gas, Wind Mills, Energy Auditing(Building Services), Solar Inverter and Controller, Bio Gas, Wind Mills, Energy Auditing(Building Services), Project Implementation.
The demand of power is increasing exponentially results in installation of new stations whereas the sources of water are depreciating acutely. In future there may be a situation in which water sources may not cope up with this requirement.
Also the serious concerns of the regulatory authorities regarding usage of natural resources, definitely the norms will be further be tightened, which will curtail the freedom of usage of water in power plant.
In present scenario land acquisition is one of the toughest hurdles in plant installations which can be averted by locating stations in water scarce regions, by employing air cooled system which eliminates dependencies on water for CW.
Although dry cooling systems are costly technologies on techno-economic considerations, but foreseeing the future it is the need of hour to employ dry cooling system which offers possible solution for power plant installation eliminating the above mentioned challenges.
Kurita´s water reclamation system for cooling water blowdownKurita
Sustainable water resources management is one of our biggest concerns for the future. Environmental regulations are getting stronger, strive to lower our water consumption with an increasing cost of make-up water for the systems and process, and for the discharge treatments. Water reclamation is a priority of Kurita’s Corporate social responsibility for sharing value with our customers. Kurita proposes to combine all its expertise in cooling water treatments, equipment, and monitoring with remote control. Through patented technologies, Kurita’s blowdown recovery system leads to stable operation, reduction of running costs and better performance of the cooling system without investment for the user.
Carbonated Softdrinks and ECA technology (CIP)Radical Waters
In the multi-billion dollar beverage industry, it is crucial that manufacturers produce consistent quality. Limited returns allow for sustained enhancement of brand image and equity. Food and beverage processing relies on water as its main ingredient and water quality needs to be of the highest possible standard. Under typical conditions, process or ingredient water is filtered repeatedly before use. While this procedure is effective, other sources of microbial contamination do exist. If left unchecked, these will likely result in product contamination and spoilage.
Nano-Clear Industrial coating applied to an oxidized and faded water slide. The Nano-Clear penetrated the fiberglass to add many more years of protection from UV and pool water as well as enhanced the color. This eliminated expensive re-painting saving the city significant money.
1. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 1
Membrane Filtration System
Intern: Diana Wu Wong, 4th year
University of California, San Diego
B.S Environmental Engineering
July 17th, 2015
2. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 2
Advisors/ Mentors
Facilities and Utilities Manager: Laura Garcia
Facilities Manager: Luis A. Robles
Water Treatment Engineer: Edgar Osvaldo Velazquez
3. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 3
Overall Skyworks Water System
Optional: Bottom Bar for Call Out Text – One Line Only
4. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 4
Problem Statement
Optional: Bottom Bar for Call Out Text – One Line Only
Reverse
Osmosis
R.O Pre Filter
Use
Point
UF System
• Increase Demand of Water
– Increase demand of products
– Future expansion
• Increase of Cost
– Rapid membrane fouling
6. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 6
Why
• Environmental
• Cheap
Water Recycled 226,054 m3/ per year
Without UF $ 542,530 USD/ pear year
With UF $ -542,530 USD/ pear year
Operational fee $ 64,800 USD/ per year
Membrane fee (8) $ 217,240 USD/ per year
$ -260,490 USD/ per year
7. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 7
Basic Understanding
UF systems
Optional: Bottom Bar for Call Out Text – One Line Only
8. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 8
Basic Understanding
Skyworks UF system
• Model: HydraCAP 60
Feed Water 60±10 NTU
Post
Prefilter
55±5 NTU
Product 0.15 ± 0.05
NTU
Exhaust 120 ±10
NTU
226,054 m3 water recycled
/ year
• Turbidity [NTU]: Concentration of
suspended solids
9. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 9
Basic Understanding
Skywork’s UF system
Membrane Life
– July 8th showed Over-Range results, a total of 31,745 m3 water
recycled (51 days) before membrane replacement.
– Current demand needs 8 membrane replacements per year.
10. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 10Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 10
Solutions
11. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 11
UF
Pretreatment
Solution
Optional: Bottom Bar for Call Out Text – One Line Only
Reverse
Osmosis
R.O Pre Filter
Use
Point
UF System
12. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 12
Solution
Methods
Mechanical Filtration
– Metal Screen
• Pre-UF
– HydraCAP 60 exhausted membrane
13. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 13
Mechanical Filtration
Amiad SAF 1500
• 10-800 microns screen
size
• 70-800 gpm
• Projected Equipment
and Installation Price:
$40,000 USD
14. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 14
Pre-UF
Exhausted HydraCAP 60
Strengths Weaknesses
• Removes particles as small as
0.01 micron
• Reduces use of Pretreatment
Chemicals
• Removal of colloidal materials
• Single use
• Unpredictability of Saturation
• Higher Energy Cost and Water Consumption
Projected Equipment and Installation Price: $40,000 USD
15. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 15
Mech Filtration vs Pre-UF
• Membrane Life Projection
– Membrane Replacements per year
• Water Consumption
– Quantity of backwash water
• Energy Consumption
– Energy fee
– Service policy fee
• Total Cost
16. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 16
Amiad SAF 1500 vs Pre-UF
Membrane Life Projection
Current: pre-
filter 100
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 1: >10
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 2: <10
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 3: Equal
distribution
Pre-UF
Feed 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU
Outcome 55 NTU 0-10 NTU 45-50 NTU 20-30 NTU 0-10 NTU
% efficiency 8.3 % 85-99% 17-25 % 50-67 % 85-99%
Membrane
decaying rate
31,745 174,597.5 34,919 58,198 174,597.5
Duration
(/630m3)
51 days 277 days 55 days 92 days > 277 days
UF membranes
replacement
per year
8 2 7 4 < 2
17. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 17
Amiad SAF 1500 vs Pre-UF
Membrane Life Projection
Current: pre-
filter 100
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 1: >10
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 2: <10
micron
Amiad SAF
1500
Case 3: Equal
distribution
Pre-UF
Feed 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU 60 NTU
Outcome 55 NTU 0-10 NTU 45-50 NTU 20-30 NTU 0-10 NTU
% efficiency 8.3 % 85-99% 17-25 % 50-67 % 85-99%
Membrane
decaying rate
31,745 174,597.5 34,919 58,198 174,597.5
Duration
(/630m3)
51 days 277 days 55 days 92 days 277 days
UF membranes
replacement
per year
8 2 7 4 2-4
18. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 18
Amiad SAF 1500 vs Pre-UF
Water Consumption
Amiad SAF Pre-UF
Time for backwash 15 seconds 120 seconds
Flow interruption no yes
Backwash water per cycle 7 gallons/ cycle 250 gallons/ cycle
Frequency When reached 7psi difference
Estimate 7 cycles per day
Per hour
Total water used /day 50 gallons (0.2 m3)/ day 6000 gallons (22.71 m3)/ day
Water spent m3/ year 73 m3 8289.15 m3
Water spent / year* USD $ 175 $ 19,893
19. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 19
Amiad SAF 1500 vs Pre-UF
Energy Consumption
Amiad SAF Pre-UF
Hours of operation 24 hours 24 hours
Energy Consumption $ 25.525 USD/ month $ 1250 USD/ month
Service policy fee $ 0 USD $ 2125 USD /month
Total monthly fee $ 25.525 USD $ 3375 USD
Energy and Service fee per
year
$ 306.3 USD $ 40,500 USD
20. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 20
Amiad SAF 1500 vs Pre-UF
No
Pretreatment
Amiad Case 1 Amiad Case 2 Amiad Case 3 Pre-UF
Annual
Pretreatment
Operation USD
-------- $ 306.3 $ 306.3 $ 306.3 $ 40,500
Annual UF Energy
Consumption USD
$ 64,800 $ 64,800 $ 64,800 $ 64,800 $ 64,800
Annual number of
Membranes
replaced USD
8 2 7 4 2-4
Annual cost of UF
membranes USD
$ 217,240 $ 54,310 $ 190,085 $108,620 $54,310 -$
108,620
Annual amount of
water recovered
226,054 m3 226,054 m3 226,054 m3 226,054 m3 198,709 m3
Annual amount of
water recovered
USD
-$ 542,530 -$ 542,530 -$ 542,530 -$ 542,530 -$ 481,276
Annual amount of
water spent
backwashing USD
----- $ 175 $ 175 $ 175 $ 19,893
Annual fee -$ 260,490 -$ 422,938 -$ 287,164 -$ 368,629 -$301,773 --
-$247,463
21. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 21
Conclusion
• Perform a Particle Size Distribution (PSD lab test)
• If the results show:
– Most particles are bigger than 10 micron (Case 1) Amiad SAF 1500
• Increase in 44.8% in savings
– Most particles are smaller than 10 micron (Case 2) Pre-UF
• Increase -5.8%-22% in savings
– Particles are Equally Distributed (Case 3) Amiad SAF 1500
• Increase 41.5% in savings
• Risks
– Amiad SAF 1500: Particles might be soft and easy to break
– Pre-UF: If membrane replacement >4, then reduces cost savings.
Recommended Practice
22. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Proprietary Information 22
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank my mentors Luis A. Robles and Edgar Osvaldo Velazquez who
have been inspirations throughout my internship period to become more
knowledgeable, hard working and patient. I would also like to thank my coworkers
from Facilities and Laura Garcia for being kind to me .
To my internship advisor Professor Farhat Beg for being encouraging and
supportive throughout my internship.
To Citlalli, Loren and Matt for helping us manage our lives at Skyworks and in
Mexicali
At last, I would like to thank Skyworks and UCSD for giving me the opportunity to
explore my career options and learn all I hoped to learn.
Editor's Notes
2
This is the Overall Water System of Skyworks. Everyday Skyworks provides 130 gpm of clean water for the production of chips and wafers with the processes called sawing and singulado. The water from the city is first processed through various preliminary filtrations, then goes through the process called Reverse Osmosis to filter out the majority contaminants delivering the best quality of water. This water is then used for the processes mentioned above. Then, in order to conserve water, the contaminated water first goes through the Ultra filtration system for a preliminary filtration before proceeding to the reverse osmosis system to alleviate the use of the R.O.
So in a more basic structure. The feed water goes through a series of R.O pre filter systems, then to the Reverse Osmosis. The product goes to the use point, which is used by both sawing and singulado. Part of the water will go to the drain and the rest will be recycled by the UF system and filtered back to the Reverse Osmosis.
The problem that we are looking into tackling lies on the UF system. As the demand of water increases due to increase of demands of producs and future expansion, the cost of the membranes increases and rapid membrane fouling occurs.
This leads us to the problem statement: Since the water feeding the UF system is more polluted, it causes more damage to the membranes that help filter out these contaminants. Causing frequent changing of this costly membranes. As Skywork’s expands the water demand increases and therefore the lives of these membranes are shortened. The goal that was given to me was to find a solution to prolong the life of the membrane.
5
6
So now you have a very simplified solution on how the waste water system works and on what we use it. Here’s a closer look on how the Uf system works. Ultrafiltration (UF) uses hollow fibers of membrane material and feed waters from inside the shell through the membrane to the outside. Suspended solids and solutes of higher molecular weight are retained, while water with low molecular weight solutes passes through the membrane. Although its pore size is approximately 0.01 micron, it cannot remove dissolved substances as efficiently as the Reverse Osmosis (0.0001 micron). Therefore ultrafiltration is often used as the pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis (R.O).
These can sort out 99.999% of bacteria, viruses.
Skywork’s uses two HydraCAP 60 UF systems that average the flow of 130 ± 5 gpm feed water with 55 ± 5 NTU from the exhaust water of both the “Sawing” and “Singulado” process as a pretreatment for the Reverse Osmosis. The feed water first goes through a basic pre-filter of pore size 100 microns prior to the UF system, removing approximately 4 NTU of high weight molecules. Then, it feeds into the UF system with around 50± 5 NTU and comes out with 0.15 ± 0.05 NTU of product and 120± 10 NTU of exhaust. In terms of SDI, it has varied from week to week in the past week. And here’s the trend between the turbidity and SDI
Show the Turbidity and SDI test excel graph to show trend.
We also used current data that allows for us to have more accurate projections. So looking at this table provided by skyworks. The current membrane was installed during may 19th and by July 8th, the membranes were showing signs of failure. In this period of time of 51 days, a total 31,745 m3 of water was recycled. We take this as the life of a membrane. The current demand is 8 membrane replacements per year. Keep in mind that each membrane replacement is 16 membranes a total of 27,155 USD per replacement. As mentioned before, our goal is to reduce the number of membranes replaced per year.
Without further due, I present you the potential solutions to this problem.
The main source of our problem is what? The polluted water source. So our solution is to make the water source less polluted to decrease the damage of the membrane. In order to do this, we add a Pretreament for the UF system.
Mechanical filtration is a process in which contaminants in a waste stream are filtered or screened out. This method is effective in preventing particles, even very tiny ones like mud and sludge, from moving downstream. Nevertheless, solids build up on the filtering media and restrict the water flow requiring some type of maintenance over short period of time. What’s cool about the this specific series produced by Amiad is that it has a self cleaning process.
Explain the data
Theoretically speaking the Pre-UF should result the longest lifetime of the membranes because the pore sizes is 0.01 micron. But we are still unsure about the saturation rate of the membranes, so to be safe, we have a larger range of estimation.
But what’s wrong with this projection? It’s only an estimate on what might happen. There is no concrete evidence of the direct correlation between the turbidity and the membrane life, but there are signs that if we lower it, it will lower the membrane fouling rate, we are just not sure to what extend.
If we stopped here, we could can answer the question that was given at the beginning, the if wanted to prolong the life of the membrane, the Pre-UF would be the one.
Explain the data
Theoretically speaking the Pre-UF should result the longest lifetime of the membranes because the pore sizes is 0.01 micron. But we are still unsure about the saturation rate of the membranes, so to be safe, we have a larger range of estimation.
But what’s wrong with this projection? It’s only an estimate on what might happen. There is no concrete evidence of the direct correlation between the turbidity and the membrane life, but there are signs that if we lower it, it will lower the membrane fouling rate, we are just not sure to what extend.
If we stopped here, we could can answer the question that was given at the beginning, the if wanted to prolong the life of the membrane, the Pre-UF would be the one.
