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Modeling Classification Systems in SKOS: Some Challenges and Best-Practice Recommendations Michael Panzer, OCLC  Marcia Lei Zeng, Kent State University  DC-2009 “Semantic Interoperability of Linked Data”, Seoul
1. Representational issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.1.  Special types of concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Centered entry See reference
Centered Entries vs.  skos:Collection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Refining  skos:Concept
Auxiliary tables vs.  skos:Collection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tables as “nested” collections
Retrieving top table concepts SELECT ?concept WHERE { <Scheme> skos:hasTopConcept ?concept . <Table2> skos:member ?concept . }
Tables as “nested” collections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.2.  Index terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Index terms ,[object Object],skosclass:hasIndexTerm skosclass:hasIndexTerm skos:inScheme skos:inScheme 616 Diseases <class/616/> a skos:Concept ; skos:notation &quot;616&quot; ; skos:prefLabel &quot;Diseases&quot;@en . <classification/>  a skos:ConceptScheme . <index/> a skos:ConceptScheme . <index/Clinical%20medicine/> a skos:Concept . Clinical medicine <index/Internal%20medicine/> a skos:Concept . Internal medicine
2.3.  Class–topic relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.3.  Class–topic relationships 370.113 Vocational education Class here  career education ,  occupational training ,  vocational schools Class  on-the-job training ,  vocational training provided by industry  in  331.2592 For  vocational education at secondary level , see  373.246 ; for  adult vocational education , see  374.013 Topical neighborhood shaped by (among other things): Caption Class-here note Inclusion of topics Exclusion of topics Class-elsewhere note See reference
2.4.  Internal structure of notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.4.  Internal structure of notes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.5  Alternative classification notations   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Discussion of options: ? skos:notation   Yes – if SKOS allows for more than one notation for one concept. But how can you show which one is preferred and which one is not? ? skos:altLabel     No. This is not an alternative label.  It is a concept, with its own semantic  relations. X17 [Q89] skos:notation ? skos:notation ? skos:altLabel Q81 Environmental engineering skos:broader skos:broader X1 Environmental science – Basic theories Concept (environmental biology) 2.5
Suggested solution  (following the SKOS extension for labels) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[Q89 ]  environmental biology preferred class:  X17 2.5
2.6  Orders/sequences of coordinate classes Main schedule B  Main schedule F Main schedule Y See example on the cover slide “ The creation of a meaningful order is equally as important in information organization as the grouping of documents into classes”  (Svenonius:  The intellectual foundation of information organization,  2000, p. 191)
Semantically meaningful orders in a classification system  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2.6
A notation has its  semantic value  and an  ordinal value ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples extracted from  GAMS Problem Taxonomy 2.6
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Options discussed for the issue of orders/sequences of coordinate classes 2.6

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SKOS for Classification Systems

  • 1. Modeling Classification Systems in SKOS: Some Challenges and Best-Practice Recommendations Michael Panzer, OCLC Marcia Lei Zeng, Kent State University DC-2009 “Semantic Interoperability of Linked Data”, Seoul
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Centered entry See reference
  • 5.
  • 7.
  • 9. Retrieving top table concepts SELECT ?concept WHERE { <Scheme> skos:hasTopConcept ?concept . <Table2> skos:member ?concept . }
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. 2.3. Class–topic relationships 370.113 Vocational education Class here career education , occupational training , vocational schools Class on-the-job training , vocational training provided by industry in 331.2592 For vocational education at secondary level , see 373.246 ; for adult vocational education , see 374.013 Topical neighborhood shaped by (among other things): Caption Class-here note Inclusion of topics Exclusion of topics Class-elsewhere note See reference
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. 2.6 Orders/sequences of coordinate classes Main schedule B Main schedule F Main schedule Y See example on the cover slide “ The creation of a meaningful order is equally as important in information organization as the grouping of documents into classes” (Svenonius: The intellectual foundation of information organization, 2000, p. 191)
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.

Editor's Notes

  1. As examples, we are looking at two very different devices in classification systems that perform some kind of grouping function by partitioning concepts.
  2. optional classification number (DDC)?
  3. One concept cannot have more than one notations
  4. A SKOS concept scheme can be viewed as an aggregation of one or more SKOS concepts . Semantic relationships (links) between those concepts may also be viewed as part of a concept scheme. schedule The series of numbers, captions and accompanying instructions or notes that constitute the core of a classification scheme . For the Library of Congress Classification , the schedules are designated from A-Z with one, two, or three letters denoting the class or subclass within the schedule. In the Dewey Decimal Classification the schedules are designated by the series of DDC numbers 001-999.
  5. The notion of an individual SKOS concept scheme corresponds roughly to the notion of an individual thesaurus, classification scheme, subject heading system or other knowledge organization system. However, in most current information systems, a thesaurus or classification scheme is treated as a closed system — conceptual units defined within that system cannot take part in other systems (although they can be mapped to units in other systems).