Sir Isaac Newton was born in 1643 in England to a poor family and worked on a farm after his father died. In 1687, Newton published his work on calculus and the three laws of motion, which shook the scientific world. Newton discovered that white light is a mixture of all colors and that sunlight is made of a rainbow of colors. He also improved telescope design by using a reflecting mirror instead of lenses. Newton died in 1727 at the age of 84 and is now recognized for his revolutionary contributions to physics and mathematics.