The document provides context and essay questions about two books related to American history and culture. For Sinclair's book, it discusses the significance of "embalmed beef", "potato flour", and "patent medicines" in late 19th-early 20th century America. It also mentions the Socialist Party and laws passed in the 1920s. For the second book, it defines "Vietnamization", the US invasion of Afghanistan, and the "Wolfowitz Doctrine", and their significance to 20th century US history. Both essay questions involve comparing views and support around US military intervention - one between Vietnam and Iraq, the other around government protection of workers between the 1890s-1930s.