This document discusses simulation models and their application in corporate financial planning for banks in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It begins by defining simulation models and the different types, such as agent-based models and system dynamic models. It then discusses how simulation models can be used for corporate planning in banks. The study examines the relationship between simulation models and factors like shareholder satisfaction, customer service, and return on capital employed. The document provides historical context on the evolution of banking in Nigeria. It aims to determine if there is a significant relationship between simulation models and corporate planning in the Nigerian banking industry.
Factors relating to the academic achievement and home environment in economic...prjpublications
This document discusses factors related to academic achievement and home environment of economics students in higher secondary school. It analyzes the relationship between academic achievement, gender, type of school (public or private, urban or rural), and aspects of home environment. The study uses surveys from 409 students in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. It finds significant differences in home environment scores between boys and girls, and between urban and rural school students. The document establishes several hypotheses about the relationships between these variables and analyzes them to understand factors influencing student achievement.
Assessing Information System Integration Using Combination of the Readiness a...journalBEEI
Information system integration (ISI) is one of the development concerns for organizations to enhance business competitiveness. However, the implementations still present its failures. Despite the ISI may successful technically; but it still seems to be unsuccessful because of the human and management issues. The issues may relate to the readiness constructs of ISI. This study was aimed to know the status of the readiness and success of ISI and to assess the influential factors of the integration in the sampled institution. About 160 samples were purposely involved by considering their key informant characteristics. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings revealed only the user satisfaction variable that mediated the positive effects of the readiness variables towards variable of the system integration success. Besides, the findings may practically helpful for stakeholders in the sampled institution, but it may also theoretically useful for researchers in regard to the readiness and success issues of ISI.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
1) The document discusses the relationship between capacity building, employee productivity, and organizational performance in cooperative banks in Nagpur, India.
2) Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation between high capacity building/employee productivity and high organizational performance. High levels of skills training, motivation, and satisfaction were linked to increased quality, profits, and efficiency.
3) Conversely, low capacity building/productivity correlated with low performance. Banks needed to boost training and motivation to remain competitive.
PDR Systems Theory: Changing Industrial Relations in a Globalizing Korea: Fro...Yeungnam University
The PDR systems theory is a general theory of industrial relations, which is very usefull for both the theoretical approach of industrial relations (science-building) and the diagnosis of industrial relations (problem-solving). This paper was presented as an invited paper at Beijing University, as the title of "Changing Employment Relations in a Globalizing Korea: from the Perspective of the PDR Systems Theory", International Seminar on Industrial Relations and Labor Policies in a Globalizing World, Beijing University, China, 2002. 1, pp.1-23. In this paper, you can see a case study of a company which overcomed the crisis of the bankruptcy and got mutual gains through the innovation of the PDR systems.
The PDR systems theory was originally presented as an invited paper in the IIRA 10th World Congress, Washington, D.C., June 3. 1995.
@ Comments on the PDR sysems theory:
"Hyo Soo Lee's provocative paper prepared for this Congress challenges Western industrial relations theorists to take a new approach to the study of employment relations in Asian enterprises and economies."
-Thomas A. Kochan, Massashusetts Institute of Technology
"A refreshingly provocative paper based on a model of 'humanware'."
-Jean Sexton, Universite de Laval
"This model(PDR System Theory) may be used not only for Asian workplaces but also for North American workplaces."
-Jean Boivin, Universite de Laval
"I definitely think that an American audience could learn a lot from your model."
-Chip Hunter, University of Pennsylvania
@ The related papers:
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "The Interaction of Production, Distribution, and Rule-Making Systems in Industrial Relations," Relation Industrielles/Industrial Relations 51-2, Universite de Laval, 1996. 6. pp. 302-332.
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "Paternalistic Human Resource Practices: Their Emergence and Characteristics", Journal of Economics Issues, vol. 35, No.4, Association of Evolutionary Economics, 2001. 12, pp.841-869.
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "Theory Construction In Industrial Relations: A Synthesis of PDR Systems," The Korean Economic Review Vol.12 No.2 Winter, Korean Economic Association, 1996. pp.199-218.
Reviewing Methodology of research Papersneerajshahi
The document discusses five research papers on corporate sustainability and human resource management. It summarizes the methodology used in each paper. The papers primarily used quantitative research methods like surveys, secondary data collection, and statistical analysis. They collected data from sources like corporate reports, websites and questionnaires. Methods of analysis included literature reviews, hypothesis testing, and regression models. The document interprets the common methods and concludes there is still scope for future research to better define concepts and relationships regarding sustainability, stakeholders, and business goals.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their work performance and contributions to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment; 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization; 3) Social relations and learning attitudes in the workplace are linked to how employees' dreams are addressed. The study concludes organizational dreaming is natural and employers should understand employees' impressions to maximize occupational contributions over the long run.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their job performance and commitment to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment. 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization. 3) Interacting with employees' organizational dreams and adjusting the workplace enhances their job contributions. The study concludes interactive approaches are needed to align employee dreams with organizational goals to maximize human resource potential.
Factors relating to the academic achievement and home environment in economic...prjpublications
This document discusses factors related to academic achievement and home environment of economics students in higher secondary school. It analyzes the relationship between academic achievement, gender, type of school (public or private, urban or rural), and aspects of home environment. The study uses surveys from 409 students in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. It finds significant differences in home environment scores between boys and girls, and between urban and rural school students. The document establishes several hypotheses about the relationships between these variables and analyzes them to understand factors influencing student achievement.
Assessing Information System Integration Using Combination of the Readiness a...journalBEEI
Information system integration (ISI) is one of the development concerns for organizations to enhance business competitiveness. However, the implementations still present its failures. Despite the ISI may successful technically; but it still seems to be unsuccessful because of the human and management issues. The issues may relate to the readiness constructs of ISI. This study was aimed to know the status of the readiness and success of ISI and to assess the influential factors of the integration in the sampled institution. About 160 samples were purposely involved by considering their key informant characteristics. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings revealed only the user satisfaction variable that mediated the positive effects of the readiness variables towards variable of the system integration success. Besides, the findings may practically helpful for stakeholders in the sampled institution, but it may also theoretically useful for researchers in regard to the readiness and success issues of ISI.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
1) The document discusses the relationship between capacity building, employee productivity, and organizational performance in cooperative banks in Nagpur, India.
2) Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation between high capacity building/employee productivity and high organizational performance. High levels of skills training, motivation, and satisfaction were linked to increased quality, profits, and efficiency.
3) Conversely, low capacity building/productivity correlated with low performance. Banks needed to boost training and motivation to remain competitive.
PDR Systems Theory: Changing Industrial Relations in a Globalizing Korea: Fro...Yeungnam University
The PDR systems theory is a general theory of industrial relations, which is very usefull for both the theoretical approach of industrial relations (science-building) and the diagnosis of industrial relations (problem-solving). This paper was presented as an invited paper at Beijing University, as the title of "Changing Employment Relations in a Globalizing Korea: from the Perspective of the PDR Systems Theory", International Seminar on Industrial Relations and Labor Policies in a Globalizing World, Beijing University, China, 2002. 1, pp.1-23. In this paper, you can see a case study of a company which overcomed the crisis of the bankruptcy and got mutual gains through the innovation of the PDR systems.
The PDR systems theory was originally presented as an invited paper in the IIRA 10th World Congress, Washington, D.C., June 3. 1995.
@ Comments on the PDR sysems theory:
"Hyo Soo Lee's provocative paper prepared for this Congress challenges Western industrial relations theorists to take a new approach to the study of employment relations in Asian enterprises and economies."
-Thomas A. Kochan, Massashusetts Institute of Technology
"A refreshingly provocative paper based on a model of 'humanware'."
-Jean Sexton, Universite de Laval
"This model(PDR System Theory) may be used not only for Asian workplaces but also for North American workplaces."
-Jean Boivin, Universite de Laval
"I definitely think that an American audience could learn a lot from your model."
-Chip Hunter, University of Pennsylvania
@ The related papers:
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "The Interaction of Production, Distribution, and Rule-Making Systems in Industrial Relations," Relation Industrielles/Industrial Relations 51-2, Universite de Laval, 1996. 6. pp. 302-332.
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "Paternalistic Human Resource Practices: Their Emergence and Characteristics", Journal of Economics Issues, vol. 35, No.4, Association of Evolutionary Economics, 2001. 12, pp.841-869.
* Lee, Hyo-Soo, "Theory Construction In Industrial Relations: A Synthesis of PDR Systems," The Korean Economic Review Vol.12 No.2 Winter, Korean Economic Association, 1996. pp.199-218.
Reviewing Methodology of research Papersneerajshahi
The document discusses five research papers on corporate sustainability and human resource management. It summarizes the methodology used in each paper. The papers primarily used quantitative research methods like surveys, secondary data collection, and statistical analysis. They collected data from sources like corporate reports, websites and questionnaires. Methods of analysis included literature reviews, hypothesis testing, and regression models. The document interprets the common methods and concludes there is still scope for future research to better define concepts and relationships regarding sustainability, stakeholders, and business goals.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their work performance and contributions to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment; 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization; 3) Social relations and learning attitudes in the workplace are linked to how employees' dreams are addressed. The study concludes organizational dreaming is natural and employers should understand employees' impressions to maximize occupational contributions over the long run.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their job performance and commitment to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment. 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization. 3) Interacting with employees' organizational dreams and adjusting the workplace enhances their job contributions. The study concludes interactive approaches are needed to align employee dreams with organizational goals to maximize human resource potential.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their work performance and contributions to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment; 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization; 3) Social relations and learning attitudes in the workplace are linked to how employees' dreams are addressed. The study concludes organizational dreaming is natural and employers should understand employees' impressions to maximize occupational contributions over the long run.
1. The first article examines how organizational structures affect perceptions of factors contributing to construction project failure in Pakistan. It analyzes data from a questionnaire given to industry professionals and finds that organizational structure influences perceptions of planning and team-related failure factors.
2. The second article studies how organizational structures and processes relate to perceived school effectiveness, loyalty, and job satisfaction. It administers surveys to teachers and finds that schools with more participative processes and less centralized decision-making are seen as more effective, while organizational structure has a weaker influence.
3. Both articles analyze how organizational design features like structure and processes impact perceptions of or factors relating to organizational performance. The first focuses on construction projects while the second examines schools. They
Competitive Pattern-Based Strategies under Complexity: The Case of Turkish Ma...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/competitive-pattern-based-strategies-under-complexity-the-case-of-turkish-managers/
This paper aims to augment current Enterprise Architecture (EA) frameworks to become pattern-based. The main motivation behind pattern-based EA is the support for strategic decisions based on the patterns prioritized in a country or industry. Thus, to validate the need for pattern-based EA, it is essential to show how different patterns gain priority under different contexts, such as industries. To this end, this chapter also reveals the value of alternative managerial strategies across different industries and business functions in a specific market, namely Turkey. Value perceptions for alternative managerial strategies were collected via survey, and the values for strategies were analyzed through the rigorous application of statistical techniques. Then, evidence was searched and obtained from business literature that support or refute the statistically-supported hypothesis. The results obtained through statistical analysis are typically confirmed with reports of real world cases in the business literature. Results suggest that Turkish firms differ significantly in the way they value different managerial strategies. There also exist differences based on industries and business functions. Our study provides guidelines to managers in Turkey, an emerging country, on which strategies are valued most in their industries. This way, managers can have a better understanding of their competitors and business environment, and can develop the appropriate pattern-based EA to cope with complexity and succeed in the market.
Entrepreneurial self efficacy refining the measure-jeffery mcgeeMalthufullah Mu'asyir
This study aims to refine the measurement of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) by developing a multidimensional instrument and testing it on nascent entrepreneurs. While ESE is considered an important factor for new venture intentions, current measures are inconsistent in their definition and dimensionality. The study develops an ESE instrument based on a four-phase venture creation process framework. It then tests the reliability and validity of the instrument on a diverse sample that includes nascent entrepreneurs. The results could help standardize ESE measurement and provide implications for entrepreneurship theory and education.
This document describes a study that examined attributions for work-related events using a Modified
Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ) administered to 300 IT professionals. The MASQ assessed causal
attributions along dimensions of internality, stability, globality, externality, and personal control. Results
showed the MASQ had satisfactory reliability. Attributions for positive events correlated with job satisfaction
and motivation more than attributions for negative events. This supports prior research linking an optimistic
internal attributional style to satisfaction and motivation.
The Effect of Information Technology and Total Quality Management on Organiza...Sigit Sanjaya
This study discovers the effect of information technology (IT) and total quality management (TQM) on organizational performance. The unit of analysis is state-owned enterprises in Padang city, Indonesia. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through the questionnaire. Total sampling is used in this study. 90 questionnaires were returned as a final sample. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis performed by SPSS 25 software. The result shows that IT has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. TQM has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Exploratory study on rewards and job performance of teachers of public school...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between rewards and job performance of teachers in public schools in Ghana. It used a case study approach and descriptive statistics to analyze data collected from 50 respondents via questionnaire. The results found:
1) Teachers' job performance was highly assessed across various indicators like student performance, teaching methods, punctuality, and relationship with students.
2) There was a significant relationship between the rewards teachers receive and their job performance.
3) Other motivational factors beyond rewards, such as job design and talent management, also contributed to the high performance of teachers.
The study recommends that school management initiate additional reward programs, such as free lunch and access to beneficial loans, to
2007 integrating technology readiness into technology acceptance the tram modelNita Adiyati
This document presents the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM), which integrates the constructs of technology readiness (TR) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). TRAM was developed to better explain consumer adoption of e-services, as TAM was originally developed for technology adoption in work environments. The study proposes that TR influences perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, which in turn influence behavioral intention, as mediated relationships. An online survey was conducted to test the relationships between the TRAM constructs in the context of online stock trading systems.
A comprehensive study of Employee Engagement: Contemplating 7-D model in view...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study has been initiated to unfold the conceptual reality of a commonly used terminology in organization behavior study- employee engagement. The engagement of employees towards an organization is determined by their affective, cognitive and behavioural attributes which are in turn linked with various internal and external factors. These factors are identified and presented in various models with specific focus areas. The employee engagement index, the measuring indicator, is a reflection of multiple self-determining factors. This study unveiled the factors while analyzing the annual reports for FY 2018-19 of NIFTY 50 companies. The key focus areas have been identified and an all-encompassing 7-Dimensional model has been proposed to determine the objective-oriented factors to prepare relevant questionnaires for ascertaining Employee Engagement Index.
The impact of top management support on the behavioural intention to adopt in...LenaFrau
This literature review examines the impact of top management support on behavioral intention to adopt information systems over 46 years of research. The review finds three relationships between top management support and adoption: direct linear connection, relationship mediated by other variables, and more complex relationships. Top managers can influence adoption through culture change, motivating employees, and setting the right atmosphere. Influencing factors on top managers' strategic decisions include their cognitive base and values. The review identifies gaps in researching factors influencing top managers' behaviors in supporting information system adoption.
Medical Conferences, Pharma Conferences, Engineering Conferences, Science Conferences, Manufacturing Conferences, Social Science Conferences, Business Conferences, Scientific Conferences Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai, Turkey 2014 2015 2016
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is a leading academic event organizer, publishing Open Access Journals and conducting several professionally organized international conferences all over the globe annually. GRDS aims to disseminate knowledge and innovation with the help of its International Conferences and open access publications. GRDS International conferences are world-class events which provide a meaningful platform for researchers, students, academicians, institutions, entrepreneurs, industries and practitioners to create, share and disseminate knowledge and innovation and to develop long-lasting network and collaboration.
GRDS is a blend of Open Access Publications and world-wide International Conferences and Academic events. The prime mission of GRDS is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the world through education, application of research and innovative ideas.
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is also active in the field of Research Funding, Research Consultancy, Training and Workshops along with International Conferences and Open Access Publications.
International Conferences 2014 – 2015
Malaysia Conferences, Thailand Conferences, Singapore Conferences, Hong Kong Conferences, Dubai Conferences, Turkey Conferences, Conference Listing, Conference Alerts
Operations research (OR) is a science that deals with problem formulation, solutions, and decision-making, especially for allocating scarce resources efficiently. It uses mathematical models and other scientific techniques. OR began after WWII to study problems arising from difficult military situations. It has since been applied to business and other domains to optimize performance. The chapter introduces OR and its phases: observing the problem environment, analyzing and defining the problem, and developing a mathematical model to represent the real-world situation. OR takes an interdisciplinary, systematic approach to provide a rational basis for decision-making.
This document summarizes a study that examines how organizational factors influence employers' selection processes and the relationship between selection practices and organizational performance. The study develops hypotheses about how job requirements, organizational size, union status, wages, training investments, and other factors predict the intensity of selection practices used. It also examines how selection intensity relates to organizational sales and performance. The study uses a survey of establishments to test these hypotheses and relationships.
This document summarizes an individual presentation on a research article about strategic human resource management and innovation capability in Indonesia's software industry. The presentation includes an introduction to the topic, problem statement, research questions and objectives, literature review, hypotheses, conceptual framework, methodology, findings, limitations, and conclusion. The key findings are that strategic human resource management has a significant positive impact on firm innovation capability, and innovation capability also significantly impacts innovation performance.
This document provides a literature review on the use of grounded theory in management research. It discusses:
1) Grounded theory was introduced in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss as a qualitative research method to develop theories grounded in empirical data. It aims to close the gap between theory and research.
2) Grounded theory involves collecting and analyzing qualitative data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop conceptual categories and explore their relationships. It produces explanatory theories rather than testing existing hypotheses.
3) Grounded theory has evolved over time, with Glaser developing an emerging design approach and Strauss a more structured systematic design approach. It remains a useful method for developing new concepts and theories in management and
Social sciences perspectives on entrepreneurshipAlexander Decker
This document discusses social science perspectives on entrepreneurship from various scholars. It provides an overview of Joseph Schumpeter's economic perspective, viewing the entrepreneur as an innovator and agent of change. It also discusses David McClelland's psychological perspective, identifying achievement motivation as an important factor for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Finally, it mentions Max Weber's perspective that cultural values play a role in determining whether economic potential becomes an actuality through entrepreneurship.
Social protection and the demand for private insurance in ghanaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between social protection and demand for private insurance in Ghana. The study examined life insurance products offered by private insurers in Ghana and customers' level of awareness and satisfaction. It found that customers had some knowledge of products but awareness could be improved. Customers were satisfied with some insurer services but less so during their working lives. Insurers considered factors like age, risk level, medical history, and income when developing products. Customers saw benefits of insurance for death and retirement but not as much during their working lives. The document provides background on social protection, types of life insurance, and the insurance industry in Ghana.
Sophia’s correspondence with president obama a durkheimian analysis of contem...Alexander Decker
The document discusses a letter exchange between 10-year-old Sophia Bailey Klugh and President Barack Obama regarding gay marriage rights, and analyzes contemporary American society through the lens of Emile Durkheim's sociological theories. It suggests that Sophia's letter reflects an "anomic" situation in American culture and structure, while Obama's response demonstrates Durkheim's concepts of the state and democracy. The analysis focuses on Durkheim's ideas of social solidarity, mechanical versus organic solidarity, and the relationship between culture and social structure.
Social exclusion and the plight of aging in the informal sector in tanzania a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on social exclusion and the plight of aging among older people working in Tanzania's informal sector. The study was conducted in Arusha region and examined how economic factors, health issues, lack of social support, and limited social participation contribute to social exclusion. Interviews and focus groups with 30 respondents, including older people, community members, and stakeholders, identified these four aspects as primary risks for social exclusion. The findings showed that older people facing economic hardship after retiring from informal work resort to difficult physical labor. Social exclusion was found to negatively impact their welfare and living standards. The document calls for government and community support programs to address older peoples' needs and reduce their vulnerability.
This document summarizes a research study on how organizational dreaming by employees affects their work performance and contributions to the organization. The study analyzed survey responses from 184 IT employees in India. Key findings include: 1) Managing employees' organizational dreams positively impacts their job fit and commitment; 2) Employees' perceptions of organizational support are shaped by how their dreams align with the organization; 3) Social relations and learning attitudes in the workplace are linked to how employees' dreams are addressed. The study concludes organizational dreaming is natural and employers should understand employees' impressions to maximize occupational contributions over the long run.
1. The first article examines how organizational structures affect perceptions of factors contributing to construction project failure in Pakistan. It analyzes data from a questionnaire given to industry professionals and finds that organizational structure influences perceptions of planning and team-related failure factors.
2. The second article studies how organizational structures and processes relate to perceived school effectiveness, loyalty, and job satisfaction. It administers surveys to teachers and finds that schools with more participative processes and less centralized decision-making are seen as more effective, while organizational structure has a weaker influence.
3. Both articles analyze how organizational design features like structure and processes impact perceptions of or factors relating to organizational performance. The first focuses on construction projects while the second examines schools. They
Competitive Pattern-Based Strategies under Complexity: The Case of Turkish Ma...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/competitive-pattern-based-strategies-under-complexity-the-case-of-turkish-managers/
This paper aims to augment current Enterprise Architecture (EA) frameworks to become pattern-based. The main motivation behind pattern-based EA is the support for strategic decisions based on the patterns prioritized in a country or industry. Thus, to validate the need for pattern-based EA, it is essential to show how different patterns gain priority under different contexts, such as industries. To this end, this chapter also reveals the value of alternative managerial strategies across different industries and business functions in a specific market, namely Turkey. Value perceptions for alternative managerial strategies were collected via survey, and the values for strategies were analyzed through the rigorous application of statistical techniques. Then, evidence was searched and obtained from business literature that support or refute the statistically-supported hypothesis. The results obtained through statistical analysis are typically confirmed with reports of real world cases in the business literature. Results suggest that Turkish firms differ significantly in the way they value different managerial strategies. There also exist differences based on industries and business functions. Our study provides guidelines to managers in Turkey, an emerging country, on which strategies are valued most in their industries. This way, managers can have a better understanding of their competitors and business environment, and can develop the appropriate pattern-based EA to cope with complexity and succeed in the market.
Entrepreneurial self efficacy refining the measure-jeffery mcgeeMalthufullah Mu'asyir
This study aims to refine the measurement of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) by developing a multidimensional instrument and testing it on nascent entrepreneurs. While ESE is considered an important factor for new venture intentions, current measures are inconsistent in their definition and dimensionality. The study develops an ESE instrument based on a four-phase venture creation process framework. It then tests the reliability and validity of the instrument on a diverse sample that includes nascent entrepreneurs. The results could help standardize ESE measurement and provide implications for entrepreneurship theory and education.
This document describes a study that examined attributions for work-related events using a Modified
Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ) administered to 300 IT professionals. The MASQ assessed causal
attributions along dimensions of internality, stability, globality, externality, and personal control. Results
showed the MASQ had satisfactory reliability. Attributions for positive events correlated with job satisfaction
and motivation more than attributions for negative events. This supports prior research linking an optimistic
internal attributional style to satisfaction and motivation.
The Effect of Information Technology and Total Quality Management on Organiza...Sigit Sanjaya
This study discovers the effect of information technology (IT) and total quality management (TQM) on organizational performance. The unit of analysis is state-owned enterprises in Padang city, Indonesia. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through the questionnaire. Total sampling is used in this study. 90 questionnaires were returned as a final sample. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis performed by SPSS 25 software. The result shows that IT has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. TQM has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Exploratory study on rewards and job performance of teachers of public school...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between rewards and job performance of teachers in public schools in Ghana. It used a case study approach and descriptive statistics to analyze data collected from 50 respondents via questionnaire. The results found:
1) Teachers' job performance was highly assessed across various indicators like student performance, teaching methods, punctuality, and relationship with students.
2) There was a significant relationship between the rewards teachers receive and their job performance.
3) Other motivational factors beyond rewards, such as job design and talent management, also contributed to the high performance of teachers.
The study recommends that school management initiate additional reward programs, such as free lunch and access to beneficial loans, to
2007 integrating technology readiness into technology acceptance the tram modelNita Adiyati
This document presents the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM), which integrates the constructs of technology readiness (TR) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). TRAM was developed to better explain consumer adoption of e-services, as TAM was originally developed for technology adoption in work environments. The study proposes that TR influences perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, which in turn influence behavioral intention, as mediated relationships. An online survey was conducted to test the relationships between the TRAM constructs in the context of online stock trading systems.
A comprehensive study of Employee Engagement: Contemplating 7-D model in view...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study has been initiated to unfold the conceptual reality of a commonly used terminology in organization behavior study- employee engagement. The engagement of employees towards an organization is determined by their affective, cognitive and behavioural attributes which are in turn linked with various internal and external factors. These factors are identified and presented in various models with specific focus areas. The employee engagement index, the measuring indicator, is a reflection of multiple self-determining factors. This study unveiled the factors while analyzing the annual reports for FY 2018-19 of NIFTY 50 companies. The key focus areas have been identified and an all-encompassing 7-Dimensional model has been proposed to determine the objective-oriented factors to prepare relevant questionnaires for ascertaining Employee Engagement Index.
The impact of top management support on the behavioural intention to adopt in...LenaFrau
This literature review examines the impact of top management support on behavioral intention to adopt information systems over 46 years of research. The review finds three relationships between top management support and adoption: direct linear connection, relationship mediated by other variables, and more complex relationships. Top managers can influence adoption through culture change, motivating employees, and setting the right atmosphere. Influencing factors on top managers' strategic decisions include their cognitive base and values. The review identifies gaps in researching factors influencing top managers' behaviors in supporting information system adoption.
Medical Conferences, Pharma Conferences, Engineering Conferences, Science Conferences, Manufacturing Conferences, Social Science Conferences, Business Conferences, Scientific Conferences Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai, Turkey 2014 2015 2016
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is a leading academic event organizer, publishing Open Access Journals and conducting several professionally organized international conferences all over the globe annually. GRDS aims to disseminate knowledge and innovation with the help of its International Conferences and open access publications. GRDS International conferences are world-class events which provide a meaningful platform for researchers, students, academicians, institutions, entrepreneurs, industries and practitioners to create, share and disseminate knowledge and innovation and to develop long-lasting network and collaboration.
GRDS is a blend of Open Access Publications and world-wide International Conferences and Academic events. The prime mission of GRDS is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the world through education, application of research and innovative ideas.
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is also active in the field of Research Funding, Research Consultancy, Training and Workshops along with International Conferences and Open Access Publications.
International Conferences 2014 – 2015
Malaysia Conferences, Thailand Conferences, Singapore Conferences, Hong Kong Conferences, Dubai Conferences, Turkey Conferences, Conference Listing, Conference Alerts
Operations research (OR) is a science that deals with problem formulation, solutions, and decision-making, especially for allocating scarce resources efficiently. It uses mathematical models and other scientific techniques. OR began after WWII to study problems arising from difficult military situations. It has since been applied to business and other domains to optimize performance. The chapter introduces OR and its phases: observing the problem environment, analyzing and defining the problem, and developing a mathematical model to represent the real-world situation. OR takes an interdisciplinary, systematic approach to provide a rational basis for decision-making.
This document summarizes a study that examines how organizational factors influence employers' selection processes and the relationship between selection practices and organizational performance. The study develops hypotheses about how job requirements, organizational size, union status, wages, training investments, and other factors predict the intensity of selection practices used. It also examines how selection intensity relates to organizational sales and performance. The study uses a survey of establishments to test these hypotheses and relationships.
This document summarizes an individual presentation on a research article about strategic human resource management and innovation capability in Indonesia's software industry. The presentation includes an introduction to the topic, problem statement, research questions and objectives, literature review, hypotheses, conceptual framework, methodology, findings, limitations, and conclusion. The key findings are that strategic human resource management has a significant positive impact on firm innovation capability, and innovation capability also significantly impacts innovation performance.
This document provides a literature review on the use of grounded theory in management research. It discusses:
1) Grounded theory was introduced in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss as a qualitative research method to develop theories grounded in empirical data. It aims to close the gap between theory and research.
2) Grounded theory involves collecting and analyzing qualitative data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop conceptual categories and explore their relationships. It produces explanatory theories rather than testing existing hypotheses.
3) Grounded theory has evolved over time, with Glaser developing an emerging design approach and Strauss a more structured systematic design approach. It remains a useful method for developing new concepts and theories in management and
Social sciences perspectives on entrepreneurshipAlexander Decker
This document discusses social science perspectives on entrepreneurship from various scholars. It provides an overview of Joseph Schumpeter's economic perspective, viewing the entrepreneur as an innovator and agent of change. It also discusses David McClelland's psychological perspective, identifying achievement motivation as an important factor for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Finally, it mentions Max Weber's perspective that cultural values play a role in determining whether economic potential becomes an actuality through entrepreneurship.
Social protection and the demand for private insurance in ghanaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between social protection and demand for private insurance in Ghana. The study examined life insurance products offered by private insurers in Ghana and customers' level of awareness and satisfaction. It found that customers had some knowledge of products but awareness could be improved. Customers were satisfied with some insurer services but less so during their working lives. Insurers considered factors like age, risk level, medical history, and income when developing products. Customers saw benefits of insurance for death and retirement but not as much during their working lives. The document provides background on social protection, types of life insurance, and the insurance industry in Ghana.
Sophia’s correspondence with president obama a durkheimian analysis of contem...Alexander Decker
The document discusses a letter exchange between 10-year-old Sophia Bailey Klugh and President Barack Obama regarding gay marriage rights, and analyzes contemporary American society through the lens of Emile Durkheim's sociological theories. It suggests that Sophia's letter reflects an "anomic" situation in American culture and structure, while Obama's response demonstrates Durkheim's concepts of the state and democracy. The analysis focuses on Durkheim's ideas of social solidarity, mechanical versus organic solidarity, and the relationship between culture and social structure.
Social exclusion and the plight of aging in the informal sector in tanzania a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on social exclusion and the plight of aging among older people working in Tanzania's informal sector. The study was conducted in Arusha region and examined how economic factors, health issues, lack of social support, and limited social participation contribute to social exclusion. Interviews and focus groups with 30 respondents, including older people, community members, and stakeholders, identified these four aspects as primary risks for social exclusion. The findings showed that older people facing economic hardship after retiring from informal work resort to difficult physical labor. Social exclusion was found to negatively impact their welfare and living standards. The document calls for government and community support programs to address older peoples' needs and reduce their vulnerability.
Solid waste management in a leprosarium in southwestern nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses solid waste management practices at a leprosarium in southwestern Nigeria. It finds that the leprosarium generates a heterogeneous mixture of general municipal waste and some biomedical waste from its clinic and living areas. While biomedical waste makes up only about 1% of the total waste generated, disposal is currently done through open dumping and burning, causing health hazards. The document recommends composting as a more economical and appropriate disposal method given that most of the waste is biodegradable.
Certificate - Algorithms: Design and Analysis, Part 1Feng Guo
Feng Guo has completed an online course on algorithms provided by Stanford University through Coursera. The course covered topics like asymptotic analysis, sorting and searching algorithms, graph search, shortest paths, and data structures like heaps, search trees and hash tables. The course was an undergraduate class on designing and analyzing algorithms taught by Tim Roughgarden, an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University.
Sms texting among gsm users in nigeria a morpho-syntactic analysisAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the morpho-syntactic features of SMS text messages among GSM users in Nigeria. It finds that texters employ various language-shortening techniques like abbreviations, acronyms, deletions and word order changes to maximize the limited character space. Specifically, it discovers movements of constituents between syntactic slots, omissions of subjects/objects/determiners/infinitives, violations of word order, contractions and lack of punctuation. Morphologically, texters combine letters and numbers flexibly in abbreviations with no fixed rules. The study concludes that texters adapt the formal rules of English to suit the constraints of texting for convenience, while various researchers have also examined related linguistic aspects of SMS use in
A Structural Equation Modelling of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneu...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
In this case study we identify the factors that influence the adoption of a new system in a major company in Saudi Arabia. We develop a theoretical framework to help derive better understanding of system adoption via socio-technical integration.
We formulation of 14 hypotheses that were tested via a survey of 42 system users. Management support and change management were found to be significant factors influencing system adoption. As a result, the 14 null hypotheses were rejected due to their statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). Discussions and recommendations for future research are discussed.
This document discusses a proposed model investigating the effects of psychological safety and social agile practices on team performance in agile information systems development (AISD). The model suggests that social agile practices positively influence psychological safety, which in turn positively impacts transparency, communication, and productivity in AISD teams. The model is based on a literature review and evaluated through case studies of AISD teams in insurance and software companies. Results from the case studies provide preliminary support for the model and its propositions.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that discusses redesigning the strategic planning process of a higher education institution through process management. It provides context on the increasing competitiveness of educational institutions and importance of strategic planning and process management. The research studied the strategic planning process of UNISC University in Brazil. It mapped the university's current 9-step process and 6 planning documents. The research proposed a redesigned process with annual rather than 5-year planning, better alignment of strategies and actions, strategic indicators for monitoring, and improved control and measurement of outcomes. The redesign through process management aims to improve the university's ability to address challenges and evolve from a fragmented to systemic organizational view.
Dr. Salvatore Falletta presented on Employee Engagement: Models, Methods & Madness to the SBODN community on Monday, September 12th 2011 at Citrix, a corporate sponsor to SBODN. Enjoy!
- SBODN Directors Jeff Richardson & Cherie Del Carlo
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance. The study collected data from 120 bank branches in Pakistan and analyzed it using statistical techniques like correlation and regression. The results showed that 4 out of 7 SHRM practices were positively related to organizational performance: providing extensive training to employees, employment security, open employee participation mechanisms, and using outcome-based employee appraisal criteria. HR managers can benefit by focusing on these practices to improve organizational performance.
Measurement of tact necessary to prevent industrial disputes leading to loss ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that examines measuring the level of tact necessary to prevent industrial disputes in South Bengal, India. The study collected data from five sample industries and analyzed it both manually and electronically. The hypothesis considers routes to resolution such as conciliation, mediation, arbitration, and intervention. The findings indicate management of tact has a functional relationship with factors like motivation/demotivation of employers, employees, and union leaders, as well as individual and organizational factors applicable to them.
Measurement of tact necessary to prevent industrial disputes leading to loss ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to establish an empirical formula or benchmark to measure the level of tact necessary for management to prevent industrial disputes leading to loss of productivity in industries in South Bengal, India. Data was collected through interviews at 5 sample industries representing various sectors such as petroleum, steel, IT, manufacturing, and analyzed using statistical tests. The results indicate a relationship between management tact and factors like motivation/demotivation of employers, employees, union leaders and organizational factors. Tact is found to be important for negotiations to resolve issues around wages, incentives and overtime rates to prevent disputes impacting productivity. The study establishes a process for reflective research involving systematic techniques, interpretation, awareness of political context and issues of representation
Operational Research and Organizational SystemIJRES Journal
Organizational systems, as well as specific integration of social and technical systems are extremely important for the development of human society. The most part, the problems of managing these systems are reduced to operations research - a generic term for activities that define the processes involved in the functions of organizational systems, and hence the term operations research. Field of study operations research as a scientific discipline, the organizational processes and activities that are being carried out and an important determinant of the intention to find the best decisions in managing the operations undertaken to achieve the set goals of the system. The generality of operations research is reflected in the fact that apply to all types of organizational systems - commercial, industrial, agricultural, military, medical, educational, government, and the like. Users of operations research decision makers - managers, whose task is to efficiently and effectively manage organizational systems. In this paper we consider operational research and conceptual foundations that enable its effective use in solving the problem of organizational systems.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance in banks in Bahawalpur district, Pakistan. The study used a universalistic approach to analyze data collected from 120 bank branches. The results showed that four of the seven SHRM practices examined - training, employee participation, employment security, and result-oriented appraisals - were positively related to organizational performance. HR managers can focus on these practices to enhance organizational performance.
Goal Dynamics_From System Dynamics to ImplementationAmjad Adib
1) The document describes a PhD research proposal on developing dynamic modeling methods for goal dynamics and multi-agent systems.
2) The research aims to analyze and capture goal dynamics in social contexts and provide intelligent agents that can handle complex, distributed events in real-time.
3) The methodology involves defining artifacts and processes, modeling tools, and evaluating the results against objectives through case studies and simulations.
The study reviewed literature on the SECI model of knowledge management from 1995 to 2018 to examine its usage trends, challenges, and best practices. It found that while the SECI model continues to be widely used despite criticisms, weaknesses include limitations of certain modes in some applications and nonlinearity in other cases. The study generated a compendium of SECI model use and suggested that organizations can employ it for knowledge creation with support for knowledge sharing. It also indicated that the socialization mode has high impact, implying management should focus on it for effective organizational knowledge management.
System Dynamics Modeling for IntellectualDisability Services.docxmabelf3
System Dynamics Modeling for Intellectual
Disability Services: A Case Studyjppi_342 112..119
Meri Duryan*,†, Dragan Nikolik‡, Godefridus van Merode§, and Leopold Curfs*,§
*Gouverneur Kremers Centrum; †University of Maastricht; ‡Maastricht School of Management; and §Maastricht University Medical
Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Abstract Organizations providing services to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) are complex because of many interacting
stakeholders with often different and competing interests. The combination of increased consumer demand and diminished resources
makes organizational planning a challenge for the managers of such organizations. Such challenges are confounded by significant
demands for the optimization of resources and the goal to reduce expenses and to more effectively and efficiently use existing
resources while at the same time providing high quality services. The authors explore the possibilities of using “system dynamics
modelling” in organizational decision-making processes related to resource allocations. System dynamics suggests the application of
generic systems archetypes as a first step in interpreting complex situations in an organization. The authors illustrate the application
of this method via a case study in one provider organization in the Netherlands. The authors contend that such a modeling approach
can be used by the management of similar organizations serving people with ID as a tool to support decision making that can result
in optimal resource allocation.
Keywords: allocation of resources, intellectual disabilities, system dynamics modeling, systems thinking, waiting lists
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare organizations are complex entities as they have
multiple stakeholders with often conflicting objectives and goals
(Drucker, 1993). Provider organizations specializing in intellec-
tual disabilities (ID) are also complex because of the nature of the
care and supports they provide and how they are organized. Some
of the complexities relate to the difficulties that adults with ID
might have in expressing themselves. Moreover, the specifics of
the care often require a deeper involvement of carers with respect
to their relationships with families and other sectors of society.
Because of their complexity, ID provider organizations, com-
pared with healthcare providers, often require a higher level of
resource planning, collaboration, and cooperation among social,
health, and education services, mental health services, and other
sectors (WHO, 2010).
To manage the complexities and challenges ID provider orga-
nizations face, managers need to analyze and understand complex
interdependencies among the systems with which they are dealing.
In order to achieve that, ID provider managers need to examine
and shift their mental models regarding their role in managing
the organization and in establishing relationships with all the
stakeholders involved. However, as Forrester (1980) has noted,
traditiona.
Running Head FOUR-FRAME MODEL 1FOUR-FRAME MODEL7Fou.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: FOUR-FRAME MODEL
1
FOUR-FRAME MODEL
7
Four Frame Model
Rubin Wilkins
Module 5 Assignment 2
Argosy University Los Angeles
Professor: Dale Mancini
February 15, 2017
Four-frame Model
Introduction
Bolman and Deal synthesized the foregoing leadership theory into four contemporary cognitive perspectives which they further organized into frames to assist leaders in the decision-making process in relation to each individual situation. It was their understanding that the use of such frames would assist leaders in analyzing respective events in a different manner and perspective. In essence, they provide ‘windows’ that enhance the leaders’ to have a broader understanding of the challenges being faced by the organization and solutions that are potentially available. This insightful piece therefore proceeds to help in understanding the frames.
The Four-Frame Model of leadership is a creation stemming from the meshing of various organizational theories to form a wide-encompassing one. These consolidated theories include; the trait theory, power and influence theory, situational and contingency theory, and the behavioral theory (Bateman, 2007). They have been developed over a span of many years. The multiple perspectives emanating from the various theoretical underpinnings are the ones termed as frames by the two theorists; through which an organization is viewed by the leaders and other related persons. These ‘windows’ further operate to bring an organization into focus and subsequently serve as filters which offer the leaders order and assist them in making decisions. Furthermore, the frames comprise of the structural frame, human resource frame, political frame and the symbolic frame. Each individual frame represents a perspective
accompanied by its own assumptions and attributes.
The structural frame is used in viewing the world from an orderly point of view furnished with a multiplicity of rules and procedures. The human resource frame then comes in to assume that goals are best achieved through the meeting of organization members’ needs and fully appreciating the workforce as fundamental part of the organization. The political frame appertains to the conflicts, alliances and bartering of respective parties to properly use and allocate the scares resources owned by and charged to the organization. Finally, symbolic frame relates to the issues of culture, symbols and rituals of an organization as opposed to the established rules and procedures.
Theme among articles
Song, Kim and Kolb (2009) set out to research on the effect of learning an organization’s culture and the established linkage between interpersonal trust and the general commitment to an organization. The sample used in this study was primarily obtained from various employees working to conglomerate entities of Korea. Resultantly, it was established that learning an organization’s culture worked as a mediating factor in the explanation of associations betwe ...
A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Structure and Effectiveness between ...inventionjournals
The nature of services in institutions of higher learning requires that all stakeholders play
positive roles in the sustainability of the institution’s survival and effectiveness in giving quality teaching,
research and learning. Structure and processes are core requirements for understanding organizational
effectiveness. The actual scenario in the field, however, raises concerns as to whether cases of pending work,
inefficiency, conflicts among others can be arrested by having proper structures and processes. The purpose of
the study was to assess the effect of organizational structure on organizational effectiveness, in public and
private universities in Kenya, using the case of Moi University and University of East Africa (UEA)-Baraton.
Based on the study, this paper undertakes a comparative analyisis of organizational structure and
organizational effectiveness between UEA-Baraton and Moi University and the extent to which the nature of
formalization and level of horizontal integration are antecedents to level of communication and locus of
decision-making. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design that was descripto-explanatory in nature to
identify attributes of the study population using a small sample of individuals. Independent samples t-test was
used to test whether there was any significant difference in organizational structure and organizational
effectiveness between public and private universities. Further, the study used hierarchical regression analysis to
test the hypotheses. Based on the sample of 365 participants (300 from Moi University and 65 from UEABaraton),
the independent samples t-test confirmed that there were significant differences in organizational
structure and organizational effectiveness between public and private universities. The regression results
indicated that the locus of decision-making had positive and significant effects on productivity, stability,
resource acquisition and human resource satisfaction and development. The results highlight the need to
improve organizational structure which has positive impacts on organizational effectiveness under the
moderation of organizational processes. This move is necessitated by the accelerated pace of business
complexity today.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Organizational PerformanceJenıstön Delımä
Citation: Delima, V. J., & Ragel, V. R. (2017). Impact of corporate governance on organizational performance. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 5(5).
Abstract- This study examined whether corporate governance has impact on organizational performance in Financial Institutions as research problem. This research was carried out with objective to measure association between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance in Batticaloa district. Conceptual framework has been developed to measure linkages between Corporate Governance and Financial Institution’s Performance. Board Size, Corporate Governance Mechanism, Communication Strategies, and Code of Conduct are considered as the measurement variables of Corporate Governance which was derived from Changezi & Saeed (2013) and Customer Satisfaction, Employee Commitment and Corporate Reputation are considered as the measurement variable of Organizational Performance which was derived from Bayoud (2012) and Carton (2004). Questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. 115 Management Respondents and 115 Customers from whole Financial Institutions in Batticaloa district have been selected for this study. Data were analyzed and evaluated by Univariate and Bivariate techniques. In Univariate analysis, Descriptive statistic has been used for the analysis. In Bivariate analysis, Correlation and multiple regressions have been used for the analysis. Findings have shown the Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance are at high level. Moreover, it also found that there is a strong positive relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance. Corporate Governance significantly impacts Organizational Performance of Financial Institutions. These findings would be useful to consider more on Corporate Governance practices to avoid the Corporate Collapses and to achieve successful Organizational Performance
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - Annotated Bibliography - IS 720 Research Methods in ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
This document provides annotations for 10 research papers related to project management and information systems. The papers cover a range of topics including the evolving role of the Chief Information Officer over 25 years, different types of Project Management Offices, integrating project knowledge, assessing maturity levels in project management across industries, examining Project Management Offices as organizational innovations, and factors that contribute to effective project management. The annotations provide brief summaries of each paper's purpose and conclusions.
Similar to Simulation models and corporate financial planning of banks in bayelsa state, nigeria (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
A study to evaluate the attitude of faculty members of public universities of...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated faculty members' attitudes toward shared governance in public universities in Pakistan. It used a questionnaire to assess attitudes on 4 indicators of shared governance: the role of the dean, role of faculty, role of the board, and role of joint decision-making. The study analyzed responses from 90 faculty across various universities. Statistical analysis found significant differences in perceptions of shared governance based on faculty rank and gender. Faculty rank influenced perceptions of the dean's role and role of joint decision-making. Gender influenced overall perceptions of shared governance. The results indicate a need to improve shared governance practices in Pakistani universities.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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Simulation models and corporate financial planning of banks in bayelsa state, nigeria
1. Developing Country Studies
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
www.iiste.org
Simulation Models and Corporate Financial Planning of Banks in
Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Odogu, Laime Isaac
Department of Accountancy, School of Management Sciences, Bayelsa State College of Arts and Science,
Elebele, Yenagoa, Nigeria
Etebu, Charity
Department of Business Education, Isaac Jasper Boro College Of Education, Sagbama, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper examines the application of simulation models in corporate financial strategy of banks in Bayelsa
State, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this paper, primary and secondary sources of data was used. The
primary data was obtained from a well structured questionnaire of three sections with a reliability of 78% that
was administered to one hundred and twelve (112) bank officials in Bayelsa State, Nigeria and secondary data
was obtained from relevant books, journals and internet materials. The primary data collected was analysed
using relevant econometric tools of Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation test, White Heteroskedasticity test,
Ramsey RESET test, ADF and multiple regression. The analysis reveals simulation model is significantly related
to shareholders satisfaction, customer service and return on capital employed. Hence, the paper concluded that
simulation models provide relevant, reliable and sufficient information for organizations to achieve short,
medium and long term objectives. Therefore, recommendations were provided for improve the application of
simulation models.
Keywords: Simulation model, Agent based model, System based model, Corporate planning, financial strategy.
Introduction
The business decision-making has increasingly become complex and sophisticated. This is because of the
dynamics in contemporary business environment. According to Singh (2006), successful firms are different from
failures and some firms consistently outperform the industry even in difficult times. Modern business executives’
responsibilities and tasks include managing various and multifaceted internal tasks of the firm. Hence, a firm’s
immediate external environment that consists of forces and conditions in the form of competitors, suppliers,
government agencies and customers, poses a set of challenging factors. A firm’s remote environment consisting
of social, economic, political and technological factors in which a firm operates (ICAN, 2006; Singh 2006;
Nwachukwu, 2008). The natural environment has also become an important strategic issue for business
oeganisations. Therefore each of the factors of the external environment needs to be assessed, anticipated,
monitored and incorporated in the critical decision making process of modern orgaisations (Aluko, Gbadamosi,
Odugbesan and Osuagwu, 2005; Urieto, 2008). According to Singh (2006), to deal effectively with all that
affects the ability of a company to grow profitably, executives design strategic management processes, they feel,
will facilitate the optimal positioning of the firm in its competitive environment. Such positioning is possible
because these strategic processes allow more anticipation of environmental changes and improved preparedness
for reacting to unexpected internal or competitive demands using relevant models (Singh, 2006; Sharma, 2009;
Gupta and Hira, 2007). One of such models that can be applied in solving complex problems in management
sciences is simulation models.
Simulation models have been used in management sciences for several years. Lin, Carroll and Carley (2007)
posit that managerial behaviours and organizational outcomes are recognized to be the result of the interactions
of multiple interdependent processes. Hence it is assumed that when studying the complexities of managerial and
organizational behaviours a more systematic method for theory development and analysis may prove necessary.
Axelrod (1997) noted that simulation models are useful in this regard. Simulation has the ability of showing
greater utility for acquiring theoretical insight through developing theories and exploring their consequences. Lin,
Carroll and Carley (2007) suggest that researchers in the field of management have been slow to advantage of
simulation methods. Simulations involve the generation of an artificial history of a given system and then
observe it to draw inferences relating to the operating system and then observe it to draw inferences relating to
the operating features of a real system being represented. According Gupta and Hira (2007), simulation is a
representation of reality through the use of a model or other device which will react in the same manner as
reality under a given set of conditions. Simulation experiments are artificial because they are based on computer
models and their data are generated by a computer program. Simulations are based on formal models and a
formal model is a precise formulation of the relationship among variables, including the formulation of the
process through which the values of the variables change overtime, based on theoretical reasoning.
Prior studies on simulation models (Smith and Golden, 1989; Shafer and Smith, 2004; Lin, Carroll and Carley,
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2. Developing Country Studies
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
www.iiste.org
2007) investigated simulations on the basis of strategic management. For example, Smith and Golden (1989)
investigated strategic planning and organizational performance in a business simulation; Shafer and Smith (2004)
examined simulation models in operations management, trends and research opportunities and Lin, Carroll and
Carley (2007) investigated simulation models in organizational and management research. These studies are
alien to the banking industry and to Nigeria’s setting where culture and other environmental variables may play
down on the validity of their findings. Also there are little or none exist on the impact of simulation models on
corporate planning in the banking industry. Therefore, the present study attempts to fill the gap in the literature.
Hence, to achieve the objective of this study, the paper is divided into five interconnected sections. The next
section examines the theoretical and empirical literature. The third section presents the materials and methods.
The fourth section examines the results and discussions and the final section presents the conclusion and further
area.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This section reviews the literature that is relevant to the problem under investigation. The review also covers
empirical studies in the area focusing attention on the research problems that were investigated by the studies,
the hypotheses that were formulated and tested and their findings and limitations. The rationale was to critically
use the evidence from the studies to establish the gaps in the literature and also to serve as a basis for validation
of the findings of the paper.
Models: Models are central to scientific discoveries, designs and discussions (Ngerebo-a, 2009). A model is any
representation of a real thing, event or circumstances. According to Umoh (2005a), a model is a simple and
convenient way of presenting or representing a complete experience, process, object or phenomenon, so that the
representation can be used to explain the generality, and predict the future. He argues that several tools or objects
can pass as models.
Simulation Models: The technique of simulation has long been used by the designers and analyst in physical
sciences and it promises to become an important tool for talking the complicated problems of managerial
decision-making (Gupta and Hira, 2007). Axelrod (1997) posits that simulation is recognized as a third way of
conducting science. It is not only rendered irrelevant the deductive problem of analytical intractability but also
partially overcomes the empirical problem of data availability, since a simulation process produces its own
virtual data. Due to these features, simulation using computer software is capable of enormously aiding in theory
construction. Simulation model can be adopted to generate hypotheses that are integrated and constant. It begins
with a model of the behaviour of the system a researcher wishes to investigate. Simulation is therefore, a
computational model of system behaviour coupled with an experimental design; the execution of the design is
called a virtual experiment to distinguish simulation experiments from traditional laboratory experiments. Once a
simulation has been developed, it can be used for a variety of research purposes. Axelrod (1997) identified three
purposes: prediction, proof, discovery, explanation, critique, prescriptions and empirical guidance. Burton (2003);
Macy and Willer (2002) state that a number of topologies of simulation model have been proposed. Many
simulation in management theory use agent based models and system dynamic models. Agent-Based models is
centred on modeling the behaviour of adaptive actors who comprise a social system and who influence one
another through their interaction (Macy and Miller, 2002). The behavour of the system is an emergent property
of the interaction of the agents. The agent consists of the members of an organisation who influence each other’s
enculturation and turnover behaviour through social influence and an emergent organizational property is the
cultural hererogeneity of the organisation. Strong and Macy (2001) examined the cascades in the organizational
adoption of fads by modeling the manner in which organizational agent are influenced by one another to adopt
innovative practices. Rivkin and Siggelkow (2003) argues that the model of the decision behaviour of top
management agents to examine the interdependence of organizational search and stability, and decision
characteristics. The agent based model simulates the behaviour of the agents who makes up a social system
including, in particular, how they interact to influence one another and the outcome of interest typically are the
consequences of the agent behaviours for the social system as a whole. There is no direct modeling of the whole
system but the system behaviour emerges from the interactive behaviour of its constituent agents. System
dynamic models are modeling the behaviour of the system as a whole, rather than modeling the behaviour of the
actors within the system. At the system level this model stimulates the process that leads to changes in the same
system overtime. The models are presented in diagrams of variables connected with arrows including feedback
loops that depict the direction of the influence of variables on one another, and each influence components is
then formalized. In the words of Mehar (1998),
financial simulation models have become an important addition to the quantitative toolkit of
the financial analysts, economists and corporate planners. They are particularly valuable for
financial planning because they provide a consistent framework that simultaneously accounts
for the entire interrelationship in a firm’s financial structure. By simulating the model into the
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future one can forecasts and analyze the effects of economic conditions and policies on the
firm’s financial position, in alternative financial strategies. The models can be used to
generate Proforma annual accounts i.e. the balance sheet and income statement that would
apply in future under specific assumptions about Capitalization, Debts, Equity, Retained
Earnings, Profits, Cash Balances, Receivables, Payables and Inventories etc. A major
advantage of simulation is to be able to handle complex problems that are impossible to solve
via analytical approaches. In our study, only models of a mathematical and symbolic nature
will be dealt with ones that can be computerized. The results from the computer program/
software can then be analyzed.
Corporate Planning: Planning is both an organizational necessity and a managerial responsibility. According to
Lucey (2005), planning is an inescapable part of all rational human activity. He defined planning as the
establishment of objectives, and the formulation, evaluation and selection of the policies, strategies, tactics and
action required to establish these objectives. It comprises long-term/strategic planning and short term
operational planning. The planning activities involve making decisions about long term goals and strategies. The
strategic goals are major targets or end results, which involves long term survival, growth and values of the
organisation. According to Saale (2007), strategic goals translate into measures of returns on investment,
profitability, market share, quantity and quality of output, productivity and contribution to society. Aluko,
Gbadamosi, Odugbesan and Osuagwu (2005), states that corporate planning is a systematic, objective and
comprehensive process of long-range planning taking into consideration the organizations resources, capabilities
and environment in totality. It deals with the futurity of present decisions in terms of goal-setting, developing
strategies to achieve them; translating strategies into detailed operational programmes and assuring that plans are
carried out. It is a set of instructions to managers of organizations describing the role each is expected to play in
the attainment of corporate goals. The corporate planning of an organisation is operationalised in this study using
shareholder satisfaction, customer service, return on shareholders’ capital and corporate profitability.
1. Shareholders Satisfaction: Shareholders are entitled to dividends when they are declared. They benefit
if a company prospers and stand a risk of loss of their investment if the company fails. They are owners
of the company. Satisfaction is defined as the overall evaluation of consumption experience.
Shareholders satisfaction is the ability of a business entity to meet the expectations of those who made
investment towards the birth or up-keep of the business.
2. Customer Service: Customer service involves a wide variety of activities intended to ensure that
customers receive the goods and services they required to satisfy their needs or wants in the most
effective and efficient manner possible. The key objective of customer’s service is to retain customers.
Customer retention is a performance indicator and has the tendency of making a customer to stick with
a brand and beyond the objective and subjective assessment (Sorce, 2002).
3. Return on Shareholders’ Capital: The shareholders through the investment they engaged upon
contributes to the firm’s capital. They expect a return on their capital and this expectation must be met.
Collier (2003) states that return on investment is the rate of return achieved on the capital employed by
the shareholders. Shareholders expect a measure of their firms profitability are achieved in a given
period expressed as a percentage of the total amount invested in the firm. They also expect a measure of
profitability in which profit is expressed as a percentage of investment.
Therefore on the basis of the above literature, the following hypothesis was examined:
1. There is no significant relation between simulation model and corporate planning in the Nigerian
Banking industry.
Evolution of the Nigerian Banking Industry
Banking in Nigeria went through phases and covers a wide span of time from an era of free banking or virtually
absolute freedom in tune with the dictate of the economies of classical liberalism, to era of rigid or strict
potential regulations. According to Jimmy (2008), Alao (2010), the history of banking in Nigeria is divided into
four phases: the embryonic, expansion, consolidation/reform and post consolidation phases. The embryonic
phase of banking evolution dates back to 1892 when the African Banking Corporation of South Africa,
established a branch in Lagos followed by the British Bank of West Africa in 1894 while Barclays Bank DCO
(Dominion, Colonial and Overseas) and the British and French Bank for commerce and industry were
established in 1925 and 1949, respectively (Appah and John, 2011).
Banking in Nigeria started with the establishment of National Bank of Nigeria Limited in 1933, Agbonmagbe
Bank Limited in 1945 and the African Development Bank Limited in 1948. The expansion of banking evolution
was the establishment of Rural Banking Scheme in 1977, People’s Bank in 1989 and Community Banks in 1990.
The consolidation phase started with the 2004 and 2005 mergers and acquisitions of banks where 89 banks were
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ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
www.iiste.org
reduced to 25. The post-consolidation phase is the clamouring and calling for mega banks in the country through
Bank penetration from the United States and Europe, respectively. Nzotta (2004) reported that the evolution of
banking in Nigeria is divided into nine phases as shown below:
Evolution of Banking in Nigeria
Phases
Date
Period
First
Up to 1952
Free banking era
Second
1952-1959
Pre-central banking era
Third
1959-1970
Era of banking legislation
Fourth
1970-1976
Era of indigenization
Fifth
1977-1985
Post Okigbo era
Sixth
1986-1992
De-regulation era
Seventh
1993-2001
Era of banks distress
Eighth
2002-2004
Universal banking
Nineth
2004-Date
Era of bank consolidation
Source: Nzotta (2004)
Table 1 above shows the evolution of banking in Nigeria according to Nzotta (2004). The free banking era (up to
1952) was characterized by the absence of legislation and this resulted in a banking boom. The pre-central
banking era (1952-1959), commenced with the enactment of the Banking Ordinance in 1952. The establishment
of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 1959 gave impetus to the era of banking legislation. The era of
indigenization (1970-1976), marked the indigenization of expatriate banks operating in the country. The post
Okigbo era (1977-1985), saw the implementation of the recommendations of the Okigbo panel on the review of
the financial system. The de-regulation era (1986-1992), saw the privatization of government interests in various
banks and the entry of more banks into the financial system. The era of banks distress (1993-2001), saw the
emergence of illiquid and terminally distressed banks in the system. The era of universal banking (2002-2004),
marked the commencement of universal banking in Nigeria and finally, the era of bank consolidation (2004date), was characterized by the consolidation of banks through mergers and acquisitions.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
This paper applied survey research design. The primary data for the study were generated through the
administration of questionnaires conducted to evaluate simulation model and corporate planning of banks in
Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The target population includes all senior executives and managers of banks in Nigeria.
The accessible population for the study was all senior executives and managers of banks in Bayelsa State,
Nigeria for period December 2012 – March, 2013. The first part of the questionnaire contains questions on
organization’ and respondents’ characteristics. The second part of the questionnaire examined simulation
variables such as agent based model and system dynamic model (Macy and Miller, 2002; Burton, 2003; Rivkin
and Siggelkov, 2003; Sastry; 1997) using five point scale of 5- strongly agree (SA), 4- agree (A), 3- undecided
(U), 2- disagree (D) and 1-strongly disagree (SD). The third part of the questionnaire examines corporate
planning effectiveness adopted from Sorce (2002), Collier (2003), Aluko, Gbadamosi, Odugbesan and Osuagwu
(2005); Saale (2007) using the same scale. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) usable questionnaires were
distributed to ten selected banks senior executives and managers and one hundred and twelve (112) representing
seventy five percent (75%) completed and used for the analysis. Experts in strategy and business policy were
used to validate the face and content validity of the instrument. The questionnaire were pre-tested using twenty
(20) respondent and a reliability test was done on the data collected using Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficent, to explore the internal consistency of the questionnaire (kothari, 2004; Krishnaswamy, Sivakumar
and Mathirajan, 2004; Ndiyo, 2005; Osuala, 2005; Baridam, 2008). The result of the reliability test shows that
the designed questionnaire is highly reliable at 0.78. Excel software helped us to transform the variables into
format suitable for analysis, after which the econometric view (E-view) was used for data analysis. The ordinary
least square was adopted for the purpose of hypothesis testing. The ordinary least square was guided by the
following linear model:
CP = F (SM) ……………………..……………………………………………..……………………………….. (1)
SS = β0 + β1ABM1 + β2SBM2 + ε ………………………………………….…………………………………. (2)
CS = β0 + β1ABM1 + β2SBM2 + ε ………………………………………….…………………………………. (3)
RSC = β0 + β1ABM1 + β2SBM2 + ε …….………………………………….…………………………………. (4)
That is Β1-β6>0
Where: CP = Corporate planning; SM = Simulation model; ABM = Agent based model; System based model;
SS = Shareholders satisfaction; CS = Customer service; RSC = Return on shareholders’ capital.
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Vol.3, No.9, 2013
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The study used relevant diagnostic tests and multiple regression model and granger causality test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section of the paper presents the results and discussion obtained from questionnaires administered to
respondents from the sampled banks in Bayelsa State of Nigeria.
Model Two
Table 1: Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
6.729192
13.53732
Probability
Probability
0.131362
0.117264
Source: e-view output
Table one above shows the Breusch – Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test for the presence of auto correlation.
The result reveals that the probability values of 0.13 (13%) and 0.11 (11%) is greater than the critical value of
0.05 (5%). This implies that there is no evidence for the presence of serial correlation.
Table 2: White Heteroskedasticity Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
0.942165
9.519861
Probability
Probability
0.468621
0.434577
Source: e-view output
Table two above shows the White Heteroskedasticity test for the presence of heteroskedasticity. The econometric
result reveals that the probability values of 0.46 (46%) and 0.43 (43%) are considerably in excess of 0.05 (5%).
Therefore, there is no evidence for the presence of heteroskedasticity in the model.
Table 3: Ramsey RESET Test:
F-statistic
Log likelihood ratio
0.067894
0.071133
Probability
Probability
0.42795
0.39695
Source: e-view output
Table three above shows the Ramsey RESET test for misspecification. The econometric result suggests that the
probability values of 0.42 (42%) and 0.39 (39%) are in excess of the critical value of 0.05 (5%). Therefore, it can
be seen that there is no apparent non-linearity in the regression equation and so it would be concluded that the
linear model for the accounting services is appropriate.
Table 4: Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test
Variable
ADF
1%
5%
Test for Unit root
Shareholder
-3.21686
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
Satisfaction
Agent based model
-3.59500
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
System based model -4.92345
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
Source: e-view output
Table four above shows the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for stationarity of the variables. The result
suggests that shareholder satisfaction, agent based and system based models with ADF of -3.21686, -3.59500,
and -4.92345 less than 1% of -3.0246 and 5% of -2.4105. The result reveals that the variables are stationary at
I(0). Therefore, ordinary least square can be applied in the analysis of data when data is stationary at I(0)
(Greene, 2002; Wooldridge, 2006; Asterious and Hall, 2007; Brooks 2008; Gujarati and Porter, 2009; Kozhan,
2010).
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Table 5: Multiple Regression Analysis
Dependent Variable: AS
Method: Least Squares
Date: 03/20/12 Time: 15:58
Sample(adjusted): 1 112
Included observations: 110 after adjusting endpoints
Variable
Coefficient
C
SS
ABM
SBM
3.275444
0.285935
0.249495
0.216547
0.318414
0.261218
2.888766
1226.711
-376.3441
2.16401
R-squared
Adjusted R-squared
S.E. of regression
Sum squared resid
Log likelihood
Durbin-Watson stat
Std. Error
2.256856
0.095662
0.106627
0.102573
Mean dependent var
S.D. dependent var
Akaike info criterion
Schwarz criterion
F-statistic
Prob(F-statistic)
t-Statistic
Prob.
1.451330
2.989017
2.339885
2.111150
0.1488
0.0033
0.0206
0.0363
12.99346
3.098167
4.997962
5.116803
5.567008
0.000100
Source: e-view output
Table five above shows the multiple regression analysis for shareholders satisfaction and simulation model. The
result suggests that shareholder satisfaction, agent based model and system based model with p-values of 0.0033,
0.0206 and 0.0363 are less than the critical value of 0.05.Hence, we deduce that there is a significant relationship
between shareholder satisfaction and simulation model in the banking industry. The R2 (coefficient of
determination) of 0.318414 and adjusted R2 of 0.285935 shows that the variables combined determines about 32%
and 29% of accounting services provided by professional accountants. The F-statistics and its probability shows
that the regression equation is well formulated explaining that the relationship between the variables combined
of accounting services are statistically significant (F-stat = 5.567008; F-pro. = 0.000100).
Model Three
Table 6: Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
6.929189
13.34731
Probability
Probability
0.121336
0.101264
Source: e-view output
Table six above shows the Breusch – Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test for the presence of auto correlation.
The result reveals that the probability values of 0.12 (12%) and 0.10 (10%) is greater than the critical value of
0.05 (5%). This implies that there is no evidence for the presence of serial correlation.
Table 7: White Heteroskedasticity Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
0.942165
9.519861
Probability
Probability
0.496821
0.483577
Source: e-view output
Table seven above shows the White Heteroskedasticity test for the presence of heteroskedasticity. The
econometric result reveals that the probability values of 0.496 (50%) and 0.483 (48%) are considerably in excess
of 0.05 (5%). Therefore, there is no evidence for the presence of heteroskedasticity in the model.
Table 8: Ramsey RESET Test:
F-statistic
Log likelihood ratio
0.067894
0.071133
Probability
Probability
0.794795
0.789695
Source: e-view output
Table three above shows the Ramsey RESET test for misspecification. The econometric result suggests that the
probability values of 0.794 (79%) and 0.789 (79%) are in excess of the critical value of 0.05 (5%). Therefore, it
can be seen that there is no apparent non-linearity in the regression equation and so it would be concluded that
the linear model for the accounting services is appropriate.
Table 9: Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test
Variable
ADF
1%
5%
Test for Unit root
Customer service
-3.31952
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
Agent based model
-3.59500
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
System based model -4.92345
-3.0246
-2.4105
I(0)
Source: e-view output
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Table nine above shows the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for stationarity of the variables. The result
suggests that shareholder satisfaction, agent based and system based models with ADF of -3.31952, -3.59500,
and -4.92345 less than 1% of -3.0246 and 5% of -2.4105. The result reveals that the variables are stationary at
I(0). Therefore, ordinary least square can be applied in the analysis of data when data is stationary at I(0)
(Greene, 2002; Wooldridge, 2006; Asterious and Hall, 2007; Brooks 2008; Gujarati and Porter, 2009; Kozhan,
2010).
Table 10:Dependent Variable: AS
Method: Least Squares
Date: 03/26/13 Time: 21:19
Sample: 1 112
Included observations: 112
Variable
Coefficient
C
CS
ABM
SBM
4.583118
0.296186
0.261935
0.121734
0.512473
0.426310
2.837936
1191.974
-376.0904
1.901941
R-squared
Adjusted R-squared
S.E. of regression
Sum squared resid
Log likelihood
Durbin-Watson stat
Std. Error
2.116285
0.096798
0.095624
0.113386
Mean dependent var
S.D. dependent var
Akaike info criterion
Schwarz criterion
F-statistic
Prob(F-statistic)
t-Statistic
Prob.
2.165643
3.059837
2.739228
1.073624
0.0319
0.0026
0.0069
0.0247
12.81169
3.065237
4.962213
5.080536
6.098042
0.000036
Source: e-view output
The table above shows the multiple regression output for model three. The result suggests that customer service,
agent based and system based models with p-values of 0.0026 (0.26%), 0.0069 (0.69%), 0.0247 and (2.5%) is
less than the critical value of 0.05. Hence, we deduce that there is a significant relationship between customer
service and simulation models. . The R2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.512473 (51%) and adjusted R2 of
0.426310 (43%) shows that the variables combined determines about 51% and 43% of customer service of
banks.. The F-statistics and its probability shows that the regression equation is well formulated explaining that
the relationship between the variables combined are statistically significant (F-stat =6.098042; F-pro. =
0.000036).
Model Four
Table 11: Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
6.929189
13.34731
Probability
Probability
0.121336
0.101264
Source: e-view output
Table eleven above shows the Breusch – Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test for the presence of auto correlation.
The result reveals that the probability values of 0.12 (12%) and 0.10 (10%) is greater than the critical value of
0.05 (5%). This implies that there is no evidence for the presence of serial correlation.
Table 12: White Heteroskedasticity Test:
F-statistic
Obs*R-squared
0.942165
9.519861
Probability
Probability
0.496821
0.483577
Source: e-view output
Table twelve above shows the White Heteroskedasticity test for the presence of heteroskedasticity. The
econometric result reveals that the probability values of 0.496 (50%) and 0.483 (48%) are considerably in excess
of 0.05 (5%). Therefore, there is no evidence for the presence of heteroskedasticity in the model.
Table 13: Ramsey RESET Test:
F-statistic
Log likelihood ratio
0.067894
0.071133
Probability
Probability
0.794795
0.789695
Source: e-view output
Table thirteen above shows the Ramsey RESET test for misspecification. The econometric result suggests that
the probability values of 0.794 (79%) and 0.789 (79%) are in excess of the critical value of 0.05 (5%). Therefore,
it can be seen that there is no apparent non-linearity in the regression equation and so it would be concluded that
the linear model for the accounting services is appropriate.
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Table 14: Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test
Variable
ADF
1%
5%
Test for Unit root
Return
on -2.981846
-3.4752
-2.8809
I(0)
Shareholders
Capital
Agent Based Model -3.430093
-3.4752
-2.8809
I(0)
System
Based -3.993630
-3.4752
-2.8809
I(0)
Model
Source: e-view output
The table above shows the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test for variable stationarity. The result suggests
that return on shareholders capital, agent based model and system based model with ADF of -2.981846, 3.430093, and -3.993630, and 1% of -3.4752 and 5% of -2.8809. The result reveals that all the variables are
stationary at I(0) . Therefore, ordinary least square can be applied in the analysis of data when data is stationary
at I(0) (Greene, 2002; Wooldridge, 2006; Asterious and Hall, 2007; Brooks 2008; Gujarati and Porter, 2009;
Kozhan, 2010).
Table 15: Regression Analysis
Dependent Variable: AS
Method: Least Squares
Date: 03/30/13 Time: 08:15
Sample: 1 112
Included observations: 110
Excluded observations: 2
Variable
C
RSC
ABM
SBM
4.846169
0.249475
0.281822
0.244593
0.686853
0.676381
2.774416
1123.818
-367.7248
2.204292
Std. Error
Coefficient
R-squared
Adjusted R-squared
S.E. of regression
Sum squared resid
Log likelihood
Durbin-Watson stat
1.926464
0.087374
0.083440
0.107890
Mean dependent var
S.D. dependent var
Akaike info criterion
Schwarz criterion
F-statistic
Prob(F-statistic)
t-Statistic
Prob.
2.515578
2.855268
3.377545
2.267059
0.0130
0.0049
0.0009
0.0423
12.84868
3.106839
4.917431
5.036795
8.670509
0.000000
Source: e-view output
The table above shows the multiple regression output for model four. The result suggests that return on
shareholders’ capital, agent based model and system based model with p-values of 0.0049, (0.49%), 0.0009
(0.009%), and 0.0423 (4.23%), is less than the critical value of 0.05 (5%). Hence, we deduce that there is a
significant relationship between return on shareholders’ capital and simulation proxied with agent and system
based models. . The R2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.686853 and adjusted R2 of 0.676381 shows that the
variables combined determines about 69% and 68% of return on shareholders’ capital of banks is as a result of
the application of relevant management and accounting models.. The F-statistics and its probability shows that
the regression equation is well formulated explaining that the relationship between the variables combined are
statistically significant (F-stat =8.670509; F-pro. = 0.000000).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The study examined the application of simulation in the management corporate strategy application in selected
banks in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The review of related literature provides strong evidence of the effectiveness of
simulation models using agent based model and systems based to achieve shareholders satisfaction, customer
service and return on shareholders’ capital. Our research empirically substantiated the results of prior studies of
the relationship between simulation models and corporate strategy in the banking industry. The study highlights
the various variables in the simulation model and various management corporate strategy in terms of
shareholders satisfaction, customer service strategy and return on capital employed. The empirical analysis
provided a correlation between simulation models and long term corporate strategy in the banking industry. On
the basis of the empirical result, the paper concludes that simulation models provides relevant, reliable and
sufficient information for organizations to achieve short, medium and long term objectives. Therefore, banks
should design relevant models that would provide sufficient information for management decision making. This
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would ensure that relevant banking objectives are achieved for the growth and survival of banks as service
provides in the Nigerian economy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are grateful to Dr. L.C. Micha of the Department of Accounting, University of Port Harcourt,
Nigeria for the critique of this paper during the Post Graduate Study presentation of the paper. We are also
grateful to Dr. G. N. Ogbonna of the University of Port Harcourt for the review and modeling of the paper. The
authors are also grateful to all the bank officials that provided the necessary support and completion of the
questionnaires.
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