International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relation...theijes
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relationship. Collecting data used quetionaire. Sampling method used proportionate cluster random sampling. The sample was partially of Private University in Southeast Sulawesi and the sampled respondents were middle-level managers (Dean and Vice Dean), manager of the lowest level (LPPM, LPMI, Department, Study Program, BAAK, Library and Laboratory), and organizing committee (faculty and staff), as well as students. The numbers of samples in this study were 350 respondents. Method of data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that of Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Employment Relationship. Organizational Climate has positive and significant influence on Work Relationship. Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Organizational Climate.
This document discusses literature on the concepts of work engagement and employee involvement. It defines work engagement as a heightened emotional and psychological connection to one's job and organization that involves vigor, dedication and absorption. Employee involvement is defined as empowering employees to participate in managerial decision-making appropriate to their level. The literature suggests that work engagement and high-involvement work practices can lead to positive employee attitudes, discretionary behaviors, well-being and improved performance.
Employees’ attitudes and efficiency of human resourceAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the relationship between employee attitudes and the efficiency of human resource management (HRM) practices in Nigeria. The study surveyed 1,940 employees across several food and beverage companies in Nigeria. The results indicated that employee attitudes like commitment, trust, employment relations, well-being, absence, and self-motivation were significantly related to the efficiency of HRM practices. Specifically, higher levels of these positive employee attitudes were linked to greater efficiency in how companies implemented practices like recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and compensation. The findings suggest HRM practices work best when they help foster beneficial attitudes among employees.
Organisational climate and corporate performanceAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between organizational climate and corporate
performance in the Nigerian oil industry. The study utilized questionnaires and interviews with 382 employees from
seven major oil companies in Nigeria. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between
organizational climate dimensions of recognition for achievement, organizational support, and cohesion with corporate
performance. Specifically, these three dimensions of organizational climate were found to have a positive influence on
corporate performance. The implications of these findings for management practice are also discussed.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Impact of Lmx on Organizational Justice and Organizational Justice on Organiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Increasing employee organizational commitment by correlating goal settingAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that explores how to increase employee organizational commitment through goal setting, employee engagement, and workplace optimism. The study proposes a model linking these three factors, with goal setting positively correlating to employee engagement, engagement correlating to optimism, and optimism correlating to organizational commitment. The study reviews relevant literature, proposes three hypotheses linking the factors, describes the methodology used to test the hypotheses, discusses the results, and outlines implications and directions for future research.
This study investigates the relationship between organizational culture and attitudes toward organizational change in Malaysian companies. Based on prior research, the study developed a questionnaire to assess four types of organizational culture (communal, fragmented, networked, mercenary) and three components of attitudes toward change (affective, cognitive, behavioral). The questionnaire was administered to 258 Malaysian manufacturing companies. The results showed a relationship between organizational culture and attitudes toward change, with some cultures more accepting of change than others. The implications are that understanding this relationship can help managers implement changes more effectively.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relation...theijes
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Climate on Work Relationship. Collecting data used quetionaire. Sampling method used proportionate cluster random sampling. The sample was partially of Private University in Southeast Sulawesi and the sampled respondents were middle-level managers (Dean and Vice Dean), manager of the lowest level (LPPM, LPMI, Department, Study Program, BAAK, Library and Laboratory), and organizing committee (faculty and staff), as well as students. The numbers of samples in this study were 350 respondents. Method of data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that of Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Employment Relationship. Organizational Climate has positive and significant influence on Work Relationship. Leadership Style has positive and significant influence on Organizational Climate.
This document discusses literature on the concepts of work engagement and employee involvement. It defines work engagement as a heightened emotional and psychological connection to one's job and organization that involves vigor, dedication and absorption. Employee involvement is defined as empowering employees to participate in managerial decision-making appropriate to their level. The literature suggests that work engagement and high-involvement work practices can lead to positive employee attitudes, discretionary behaviors, well-being and improved performance.
Employees’ attitudes and efficiency of human resourceAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the relationship between employee attitudes and the efficiency of human resource management (HRM) practices in Nigeria. The study surveyed 1,940 employees across several food and beverage companies in Nigeria. The results indicated that employee attitudes like commitment, trust, employment relations, well-being, absence, and self-motivation were significantly related to the efficiency of HRM practices. Specifically, higher levels of these positive employee attitudes were linked to greater efficiency in how companies implemented practices like recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and compensation. The findings suggest HRM practices work best when they help foster beneficial attitudes among employees.
Organisational climate and corporate performanceAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between organizational climate and corporate
performance in the Nigerian oil industry. The study utilized questionnaires and interviews with 382 employees from
seven major oil companies in Nigeria. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between
organizational climate dimensions of recognition for achievement, organizational support, and cohesion with corporate
performance. Specifically, these three dimensions of organizational climate were found to have a positive influence on
corporate performance. The implications of these findings for management practice are also discussed.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Impact of Lmx on Organizational Justice and Organizational Justice on Organiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Increasing employee organizational commitment by correlating goal settingAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that explores how to increase employee organizational commitment through goal setting, employee engagement, and workplace optimism. The study proposes a model linking these three factors, with goal setting positively correlating to employee engagement, engagement correlating to optimism, and optimism correlating to organizational commitment. The study reviews relevant literature, proposes three hypotheses linking the factors, describes the methodology used to test the hypotheses, discusses the results, and outlines implications and directions for future research.
This study investigates the relationship between organizational culture and attitudes toward organizational change in Malaysian companies. Based on prior research, the study developed a questionnaire to assess four types of organizational culture (communal, fragmented, networked, mercenary) and three components of attitudes toward change (affective, cognitive, behavioral). The questionnaire was administered to 258 Malaysian manufacturing companies. The results showed a relationship between organizational culture and attitudes toward change, with some cultures more accepting of change than others. The implications are that understanding this relationship can help managers implement changes more effectively.
The impact of managerial style on task performance considering nature of task...clase5pt09
The study experimentally evaluated the effects of managerial styles (X and Y theory) on task performance, considering the moderating roles of task nature and individual motivational needs. It was expected that X-motivated individuals would perform better under a Taylorist/X theory managerial style, and that this effect would be greater for a manual versus cognitive task. Results showed no significant differences in perceived control or preferences between the X and Y theory groups. Performance was higher on cognitive versus manual tasks, contrary to expectations based on prior research.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
“Organization Behaviour is concerned with the study of what people do in an organization and how that behaviour affects the performance of the organization.” (Robbins: 1989)
Asif razzaq final Business Research Methods on Employees satisfactionAsif Razzaq
Workplace spirituality may positively impact organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The study examined these relationships among employees of Toyota dealerships in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A survey was administered to 111 employees. Results showed workplace spirituality significantly influences both organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Prior research also linked these concepts, with spiritual workplaces enhancing motivation, commitment, and adaptability among employees. The study aimed to analyze these effects at Toyota and investigate how job satisfaction relates to organizational commitment.
To what extent does employees’ perception of organizational justice influence...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice) and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study was conducted with 152 employees in Ghana and found that:
1) Employees' overall perceptions of organizational justice significantly influenced and accounted for 6.5% of the variance in their OCB.
2) Procedural justice and interactional justice both positively related to OCB at a significant level, accounting for 3.7% and 2.1% of variance respectively.
3) Distributive justice did not significantly relate to OCB and only accounted for 1.4% of the variance
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Organization Identity Strength to...IOSR Journals
Fire Department Employee Performance Jakarta Indonesia was marked by people had not been
maximized yet since in the fire cases always come late. Society always expected the performance of the fire
department in carrying out their duties on time. The purpose of this research was to measure and describe the
extent to which performance of the Jakarta Fire Department when it was affected by the variable of
organizational commitment and strength of organizational identity and organizational citizenship behaviour.
The method used in this research was quantitative. Data analysis techniques used was SEM (Structural
Equation Modelling) with the help of AMOS program. The data were collected by using a research instrument
that was distributed to the sample of 355 employees. The results showed that organizational commitment was
significantly influence organizational citizenship behaviour, but having no significant effect on employee
performance. While organizational citizenship behaviour had a significant effect on employee performance.
Organizational citizenship behaviour was mediating the relationship between commitments to employee
performance. On the other hand, it did not significantly influence organizational identity on organizational
citizenship behaviour, and also no significant effect on the employee performance. The implication of research
was organizational citizenship behaviour of Fire Department employee to be important in improving employee
performance.
OCB aims to improve performance and efficiency by establishing effective coordination, to improve workers ability & skill, and avoid no desirable behavior which is avert healthy operation of an organization. OCB classified into five categories: 1. Altruism, 2. Conscientiousness, 3. Sportsmanship, 4. Courtesy, 5. Civic virtue. This study found that older athletes has high level of OCB and there were no significant difference according to gender. Athletes were careful for other athletes and very kind to teammates. Do companies need this kind of synergy to motivate their workers and reducing turnover level?
Well Being, Fairness, and Supervisor’s Ability and Support IJSRP Journal
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between employees' affective well-being, their perception of fairness, and their supervisors' ability and family supportive behaviors. The study found moderate positive correlations between employees’ affective well-being and their perception of fairness, perceived supervisor ability, and family supportive supervisor behaviors. It also found a positive correlation between employees’ perception of fairness and their managers' skills. The findings imply that managers' performance and HR practices can impact these variables.
A Conceptual Study on Factors Leading to Stress and its Impact on Productivit...ijtsrd
Stress has become innate to all occupations and other aspects of life. The term -stress' can be perceived in various ways like environmental pressure, strain which an individual encounters, unpleasant interactions between an individual and the circumstances, etc Halkos and Bousinakis, 2010 . Usually, at work place, the unmatched job requirement and an individual capability create a pressure or emotional disturbance which is perceived differently by every individual thus making stress a very subjective element Michie, 2002 . In modern times, the definition of a stress is more related to the personal experience of an individual that is caused due to the pressures and demands of the workplace Blaug, Kenyon and Lekhi, 2007 . The stress can significantly impact the ability and performance of an individual as well as their perception on own's capability. Studies have associated different types of stressors, such as organizational factors, psychological distress with the performance of an individual. Further, the level of stress in respondents depends upon their age, qualification, position in the organization, type of work creative or routine , etc. The field of higher education is also no exception to stress. On account of the growth in number of institutions, enrolment rate, evolving higher standards of education and competition in the job market, institutions of higher learning are expected to turn out competitive and more stressful. In the current study, the researcher tries to analyze factors leading to stress and its impact on productivity with special reference to teachers in higher education. Bharathi. A | Dr. H. Prakash "A Conceptual Study on Factors Leading to Stress and its Impact on Productivity with Special Reference to Teachers in Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29667.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29667/a-conceptual-study-on-factors-leading-to-stress-and-its-impact-on-productivity-with-special-reference-to-teachers-in-higher-education/bharathi-a
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
The document discusses various approaches to organizational behaviour including classical, human relations, neo-human relations, systems, and contingency approaches. It summarizes key aspects of each approach such as major contributors, principles, and criticisms. The classical approach focused on structure and efficiency while the human relations approach emphasized social and psychological factors. Later approaches integrated these views and noted contingencies in which different organizational designs may be appropriate.
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction of Health Workers in Example of P...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among health workers at a public hospital in Turkey. 377 health workers completed surveys measuring their perceptions of organizational justice (including distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) and job satisfaction. The results found moderate relationships between all three dimensions of organizational justice and job satisfaction. Interactional justice and procedural justice were found to have a stronger influence on employees' job satisfaction levels. The study provides context on organizational justice and job satisfaction and reports the main findings of the research conducted at the Turkish public hospital.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This is the Topic: performance management Subject : Business Research Method .. please read the file i upload and read it very well before do the work..
This document discusses factors that influence employee job satisfaction and attachment. It outlines several models of job satisfaction, including the Job Characteristics Model which identifies skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback as key factors. Negative job satisfaction can lead to stress disorders and impact employee performance through increased absenteeism and costs. Reducing work stress requires addressing its root causes such as lack of trust between employees and management.
This document provides an introduction and background to a study on the relationship between flexible work arrangements, specifically telecommuting, and employee job involvement. It discusses previous research that identified individual and organizational determinants of job involvement. While some studies have looked at how factors like gender and tenure influence job involvement, little research has examined the impact of work arrangements. The objective of this study is to determine whether telecommuting affects employee job involvement levels and whether tenure, age or gender influence job involvement. It aims to address gaps in understanding how work arrangements may impact an important work attitude.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1. The document discusses molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies that may be present in soils in Kansas and Colorado based on the author's soil sampling and literature research. Mo is an essential micronutrient for nitrogen fixation in legumes like alfalfa.
2. The author provides a table summarizing typical and deficient Mo levels seen in soils and forage crops. Many of the author's soil samples showed very low Mo levels that could be limiting for crop growth.
3. Foliar applications of molybdenum may help address potential deficiencies, though excess Mo can be toxic, especially in interactions with copper in ruminant animals. The author advocates further monitoring soil and plant Mo levels
Cinema admissions in the UK hit a low in 2014 of 157.5 million, likely due to new media and ways for people to consume films at home rather than in theaters. In contrast, admissions were at their highest in 1946 at 1,635 million, as there were limited options for watching media, especially films, outside of cinemas at that time. While those aged 15-24 tend to be the most frequent cinema-goers, followed by 25-34 year olds, newer media accessible to younger audiences have provided additional ways for them to view content outside of theaters in comparison to older generations.
The impact of managerial style on task performance considering nature of task...clase5pt09
The study experimentally evaluated the effects of managerial styles (X and Y theory) on task performance, considering the moderating roles of task nature and individual motivational needs. It was expected that X-motivated individuals would perform better under a Taylorist/X theory managerial style, and that this effect would be greater for a manual versus cognitive task. Results showed no significant differences in perceived control or preferences between the X and Y theory groups. Performance was higher on cognitive versus manual tasks, contrary to expectations based on prior research.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
“Organization Behaviour is concerned with the study of what people do in an organization and how that behaviour affects the performance of the organization.” (Robbins: 1989)
Asif razzaq final Business Research Methods on Employees satisfactionAsif Razzaq
Workplace spirituality may positively impact organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The study examined these relationships among employees of Toyota dealerships in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A survey was administered to 111 employees. Results showed workplace spirituality significantly influences both organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Prior research also linked these concepts, with spiritual workplaces enhancing motivation, commitment, and adaptability among employees. The study aimed to analyze these effects at Toyota and investigate how job satisfaction relates to organizational commitment.
To what extent does employees’ perception of organizational justice influence...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice) and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study was conducted with 152 employees in Ghana and found that:
1) Employees' overall perceptions of organizational justice significantly influenced and accounted for 6.5% of the variance in their OCB.
2) Procedural justice and interactional justice both positively related to OCB at a significant level, accounting for 3.7% and 2.1% of variance respectively.
3) Distributive justice did not significantly relate to OCB and only accounted for 1.4% of the variance
The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Organization Identity Strength to...IOSR Journals
Fire Department Employee Performance Jakarta Indonesia was marked by people had not been
maximized yet since in the fire cases always come late. Society always expected the performance of the fire
department in carrying out their duties on time. The purpose of this research was to measure and describe the
extent to which performance of the Jakarta Fire Department when it was affected by the variable of
organizational commitment and strength of organizational identity and organizational citizenship behaviour.
The method used in this research was quantitative. Data analysis techniques used was SEM (Structural
Equation Modelling) with the help of AMOS program. The data were collected by using a research instrument
that was distributed to the sample of 355 employees. The results showed that organizational commitment was
significantly influence organizational citizenship behaviour, but having no significant effect on employee
performance. While organizational citizenship behaviour had a significant effect on employee performance.
Organizational citizenship behaviour was mediating the relationship between commitments to employee
performance. On the other hand, it did not significantly influence organizational identity on organizational
citizenship behaviour, and also no significant effect on the employee performance. The implication of research
was organizational citizenship behaviour of Fire Department employee to be important in improving employee
performance.
OCB aims to improve performance and efficiency by establishing effective coordination, to improve workers ability & skill, and avoid no desirable behavior which is avert healthy operation of an organization. OCB classified into five categories: 1. Altruism, 2. Conscientiousness, 3. Sportsmanship, 4. Courtesy, 5. Civic virtue. This study found that older athletes has high level of OCB and there were no significant difference according to gender. Athletes were careful for other athletes and very kind to teammates. Do companies need this kind of synergy to motivate their workers and reducing turnover level?
Well Being, Fairness, and Supervisor’s Ability and Support IJSRP Journal
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between employees' affective well-being, their perception of fairness, and their supervisors' ability and family supportive behaviors. The study found moderate positive correlations between employees’ affective well-being and their perception of fairness, perceived supervisor ability, and family supportive supervisor behaviors. It also found a positive correlation between employees’ perception of fairness and their managers' skills. The findings imply that managers' performance and HR practices can impact these variables.
A Conceptual Study on Factors Leading to Stress and its Impact on Productivit...ijtsrd
Stress has become innate to all occupations and other aspects of life. The term -stress' can be perceived in various ways like environmental pressure, strain which an individual encounters, unpleasant interactions between an individual and the circumstances, etc Halkos and Bousinakis, 2010 . Usually, at work place, the unmatched job requirement and an individual capability create a pressure or emotional disturbance which is perceived differently by every individual thus making stress a very subjective element Michie, 2002 . In modern times, the definition of a stress is more related to the personal experience of an individual that is caused due to the pressures and demands of the workplace Blaug, Kenyon and Lekhi, 2007 . The stress can significantly impact the ability and performance of an individual as well as their perception on own's capability. Studies have associated different types of stressors, such as organizational factors, psychological distress with the performance of an individual. Further, the level of stress in respondents depends upon their age, qualification, position in the organization, type of work creative or routine , etc. The field of higher education is also no exception to stress. On account of the growth in number of institutions, enrolment rate, evolving higher standards of education and competition in the job market, institutions of higher learning are expected to turn out competitive and more stressful. In the current study, the researcher tries to analyze factors leading to stress and its impact on productivity with special reference to teachers in higher education. Bharathi. A | Dr. H. Prakash "A Conceptual Study on Factors Leading to Stress and its Impact on Productivity with Special Reference to Teachers in Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29667.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/29667/a-conceptual-study-on-factors-leading-to-stress-and-its-impact-on-productivity-with-special-reference-to-teachers-in-higher-education/bharathi-a
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
The document discusses various approaches to organizational behaviour including classical, human relations, neo-human relations, systems, and contingency approaches. It summarizes key aspects of each approach such as major contributors, principles, and criticisms. The classical approach focused on structure and efficiency while the human relations approach emphasized social and psychological factors. Later approaches integrated these views and noted contingencies in which different organizational designs may be appropriate.
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction of Health Workers in Example of P...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among health workers at a public hospital in Turkey. 377 health workers completed surveys measuring their perceptions of organizational justice (including distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) and job satisfaction. The results found moderate relationships between all three dimensions of organizational justice and job satisfaction. Interactional justice and procedural justice were found to have a stronger influence on employees' job satisfaction levels. The study provides context on organizational justice and job satisfaction and reports the main findings of the research conducted at the Turkish public hospital.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This is the Topic: performance management Subject : Business Research Method .. please read the file i upload and read it very well before do the work..
This document discusses factors that influence employee job satisfaction and attachment. It outlines several models of job satisfaction, including the Job Characteristics Model which identifies skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback as key factors. Negative job satisfaction can lead to stress disorders and impact employee performance through increased absenteeism and costs. Reducing work stress requires addressing its root causes such as lack of trust between employees and management.
This document provides an introduction and background to a study on the relationship between flexible work arrangements, specifically telecommuting, and employee job involvement. It discusses previous research that identified individual and organizational determinants of job involvement. While some studies have looked at how factors like gender and tenure influence job involvement, little research has examined the impact of work arrangements. The objective of this study is to determine whether telecommuting affects employee job involvement levels and whether tenure, age or gender influence job involvement. It aims to address gaps in understanding how work arrangements may impact an important work attitude.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1. The document discusses molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies that may be present in soils in Kansas and Colorado based on the author's soil sampling and literature research. Mo is an essential micronutrient for nitrogen fixation in legumes like alfalfa.
2. The author provides a table summarizing typical and deficient Mo levels seen in soils and forage crops. Many of the author's soil samples showed very low Mo levels that could be limiting for crop growth.
3. Foliar applications of molybdenum may help address potential deficiencies, though excess Mo can be toxic, especially in interactions with copper in ruminant animals. The author advocates further monitoring soil and plant Mo levels
Cinema admissions in the UK hit a low in 2014 of 157.5 million, likely due to new media and ways for people to consume films at home rather than in theaters. In contrast, admissions were at their highest in 1946 at 1,635 million, as there were limited options for watching media, especially films, outside of cinemas at that time. While those aged 15-24 tend to be the most frequent cinema-goers, followed by 25-34 year olds, newer media accessible to younger audiences have provided additional ways for them to view content outside of theaters in comparison to older generations.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Organisational climate and corporate performanceAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between organizational climate and corporate performance in the Nigerian oil industry. The study utilized a questionnaire and interviews with 382 employees from 7 major oil companies in Nigeria. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between organizational climate and corporate performance. Specifically, recognition for achievement, organizational support, and cohesion were found to have a positive influence on corporate performance. The study concluded that the prevailing organizational climate has a significant positive effect on corporate performance in the Nigerian oil industry.
Effects of Organizational Climate on Employee Motivation and Organizational C...Sameen Salman
Study on the effects of organizational climate on motivation and commitment of employees. this thesis study uses both primary research and secondary data to conclude the relationship between the variables.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY O N EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIO N ABOUT ORGANISATIONAL CLIMA TE AN...IAEME Publication
Organizational climate, manifested in a variety of human resource practices, is an important predictor of organizational success. Numerous studies have found positive relationships between positive organizational climates and various measures of organizational success, most notably for metrics such as sales, staff retention, productivity, customer satisfaction, and profitability. The study data was gathered from employees working in SRF (P) Ltd to examine the perception of organisational climate and its impact on quality of service offered by the company. The population of the study is 850 and the sample of 118 is collected through convenient sampling technique. Collected data are analysed with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND NONPHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT ON M...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Organizational support and a non-physical work environment are essential factors in job
satisfaction, leading to optimal performance. However, the author believes a systematic assessment is necessary
to obtain accountable results. The author chose TKBM Samudera as the research object because it has long been
a cooperative with outstanding performance and a good track record of achievements. The author then used
multiple linear regression as the basis of this study and organizational support and non-physical work
environment as independent variables and work performance as a dependent variable. Later, work satisfaction
becomes a mediation variable. The findings show that organizational support and non-physical work affected
work satisfaction and performance.
Keywords: Job satisfaction, Performance, Non-physical environment, Organizational support, Cooperative
An Empirical Study of Workplace Environment with Special Reference to Employe...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of workplace environment on employee engagement, productivity, and performance in manufacturing industries. The paper reviews literature showing that physical workplace environment, supervisor support, and job aids can positively or negatively influence employee commitment. The research aims to study these factors and their effects. It describes the methodology, defines key terms, and establishes a relationship framework between workplace environment and employee/organizational outcomes. Statistical analysis and employee surveys could measure these relationships. The conclusion is that addressing physical, interpersonal, and task-related environmental factors can increase employee engagement.
A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Structure and Effectiveness between ...inventionjournals
The nature of services in institutions of higher learning requires that all stakeholders play
positive roles in the sustainability of the institution’s survival and effectiveness in giving quality teaching,
research and learning. Structure and processes are core requirements for understanding organizational
effectiveness. The actual scenario in the field, however, raises concerns as to whether cases of pending work,
inefficiency, conflicts among others can be arrested by having proper structures and processes. The purpose of
the study was to assess the effect of organizational structure on organizational effectiveness, in public and
private universities in Kenya, using the case of Moi University and University of East Africa (UEA)-Baraton.
Based on the study, this paper undertakes a comparative analyisis of organizational structure and
organizational effectiveness between UEA-Baraton and Moi University and the extent to which the nature of
formalization and level of horizontal integration are antecedents to level of communication and locus of
decision-making. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design that was descripto-explanatory in nature to
identify attributes of the study population using a small sample of individuals. Independent samples t-test was
used to test whether there was any significant difference in organizational structure and organizational
effectiveness between public and private universities. Further, the study used hierarchical regression analysis to
test the hypotheses. Based on the sample of 365 participants (300 from Moi University and 65 from UEABaraton),
the independent samples t-test confirmed that there were significant differences in organizational
structure and organizational effectiveness between public and private universities. The regression results
indicated that the locus of decision-making had positive and significant effects on productivity, stability,
resource acquisition and human resource satisfaction and development. The results highlight the need to
improve organizational structure which has positive impacts on organizational effectiveness under the
moderation of organizational processes. This move is necessitated by the accelerated pace of business
complexity today.
Human Resource Flexibility and Organizational Effectiveness: Role of Organiz...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Page 107 Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications.docxbunyansaturnina
Page 107
Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Volume 17, Number 2, 2013
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE
INVOLVEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL
PRODUCTIVITY: THE MODERATING ROLE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Simone T. A. Phipps, Macon State College
Leon C. Prieto, Clayton State University
Erastus N. Ndinguri, Louisiana State University
ABSTRACT
Organizational culture plays an important role in the growth and development of an
organization, and can substantially impact organizational performance. There are many
elements that can reflect the “soul” of an organization’s culture, and one such element is the
extent to which employees are granted the opportunity to participate in the direction of their
organization. This paper will explore this element by investigating the relationship between
employee involvement (EI) and organizational productivity (OP), the latter being a form of
organizational performance. The possible moderating effect of organizational commitment (OC)
will also be considered. The four employee involvement elements (power, information,
knowledge/skills, and rewards) will be examined, and propositions will be provided concerning
the influence of these elements on organizational productivity, and the interaction between these
elements and organizational commitment that affects organizational productivity. A conceptual
model, implications, and suggestions for future inquiry will also be presented.
KEYWORDS: employee involvement, organizational commitment, productivity
INTRODUCTION
Organizational development (OD) and change are critical if organizations are to be
successful and remain competitive in this era of unremitting advancement and progress.
According to Beer and Walton (1987), increasing international competition, deregulation, the
decline of manufacturing, the changing values of workers, and the growth of information
technology have changed the concepts and approaches managers must use. By definition, OD
comprises a set of actions or interventions undertaken to improve organizational effectiveness
and employee well-being (Beer & Walton, 1987). Friedlander and Brown (1974) described it as a
planned change effort where the intervention is at the individual, process, technological, and/or
structural level. Therefore, organizational development and change are intertwined concepts that
can involve numerous facets or components of the organizational system, and that have the
potential to result in positive outcomes for the organization.
Page 108
Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Volume 17, Number 2, 2013
Successfully implementing change inevitably requires encouraging individuals to enact
new behaviors so that desired changes are achieved (Armenakis & Bedeian, 1999). The authors’
review mentioned behaviors, processes, practices, and attitudes that enable positive change to
occur, including active participatio.
Page 107 Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications.docxalfred4lewis58146
Page 107
Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Volume 17, Number 2, 2013
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE
INVOLVEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL
PRODUCTIVITY: THE MODERATING ROLE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Simone T. A. Phipps, Macon State College
Leon C. Prieto, Clayton State University
Erastus N. Ndinguri, Louisiana State University
ABSTRACT
Organizational culture plays an important role in the growth and development of an
organization, and can substantially impact organizational performance. There are many
elements that can reflect the “soul” of an organization’s culture, and one such element is the
extent to which employees are granted the opportunity to participate in the direction of their
organization. This paper will explore this element by investigating the relationship between
employee involvement (EI) and organizational productivity (OP), the latter being a form of
organizational performance. The possible moderating effect of organizational commitment (OC)
will also be considered. The four employee involvement elements (power, information,
knowledge/skills, and rewards) will be examined, and propositions will be provided concerning
the influence of these elements on organizational productivity, and the interaction between these
elements and organizational commitment that affects organizational productivity. A conceptual
model, implications, and suggestions for future inquiry will also be presented.
KEYWORDS: employee involvement, organizational commitment, productivity
INTRODUCTION
Organizational development (OD) and change are critical if organizations are to be
successful and remain competitive in this era of unremitting advancement and progress.
According to Beer and Walton (1987), increasing international competition, deregulation, the
decline of manufacturing, the changing values of workers, and the growth of information
technology have changed the concepts and approaches managers must use. By definition, OD
comprises a set of actions or interventions undertaken to improve organizational effectiveness
and employee well-being (Beer & Walton, 1987). Friedlander and Brown (1974) described it as a
planned change effort where the intervention is at the individual, process, technological, and/or
structural level. Therefore, organizational development and change are intertwined concepts that
can involve numerous facets or components of the organizational system, and that have the
potential to result in positive outcomes for the organization.
Page 108
Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, Volume 17, Number 2, 2013
Successfully implementing change inevitably requires encouraging individuals to enact
new behaviors so that desired changes are achieved (Armenakis & Bedeian, 1999). The authors’
review mentioned behaviors, processes, practices, and attitudes that enable positive change to
occur, including active participatio.
This article examines how the leadership styles of union representatives and immediate supervisors can influence workers' commitment to both their union and organization. The researchers hypothesize that transformational leadership from both union representatives and supervisors will positively influence workers' perception of the workplace relations climate, while laissez-faire leadership will negatively influence it. A positive workplace relations climate is then expected to lead to dual commitment among workers to both their union and organization. The study aims to contribute to understanding how relational factors like leadership styles can shape workplace relations climate and dual commitment, beyond traditional structural explanations. It is based on a survey of 834 unionized workers in the Canadian aerospace industry.
This study examines the impact of ethical leadership on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Chinese public sector organizations. It hypothesizes that ethical leadership positively relates to both employee attitudes, and that this relationship is mediated by psychological empowerment. The researchers surveyed 467 public sector employees over three time periods to test these relationships using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results found that ethical leadership positively impacts job satisfaction and affective commitment, and that psychological empowerment fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and affective commitment, and partially mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. This contributes to understanding how ethical leadership influences employees through psychological empowerment.
This document summarizes a research study that examines the relationship between strategic agility, innovative organizational climate, and internal entrepreneurial behavior in aviation enterprises in Turkey. The study aims to determine whether an innovative organizational climate mediates the relationship between strategic agility and internal entrepreneurial behavior. It reviews relevant literature on strategic agility, internal entrepreneurship, and innovative organizational climate. The methodology section indicates that factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze data collected from aviation enterprise employees and test the hypotheses. The findings could help aviation enterprises improve their strategic agility and support internal entrepreneurship behaviors.
ASSESSMENET OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF FIRST...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This paper critically examined the impact of Work Environment on Employee Job Performance,
with specific focus on Alaba Branch 1, 2 &3 of First Bank Nig Plc, Lagos-State. This study employed a
descriptive survey design. A sample size of 67 respondents was selected using simple random sampling
technique of which 67 respondents filled and returned the questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire was
analyzed using special software for statistics which is called statistical package for social science (SPSS) version
23. The study found out that there is a perfect positive statistically significant relationship between physical
environment and employee’s commitment. Also, behavioural factor does statistically significantly affect job
satisfaction in First Bank Nigeria Limited, Alaba 1, 2, 3. After the findings of the research it is highly
recommended that organizations should improve on their physical environment to increase their employee
commitment which will have positive effect on employee performance and output resulting in improved
organizational performance.
KEYWORDS: Work Environment, Work Adjustment Theory (WAT), Behavioral Factor, and EMployee
Performance.
Organizational climate refers to employees' perceptions of the policies, practices and procedures in their workplace. It is shaped by both objective structural factors like rules and policies as well as subjective perceptual factors regarding how employees interpret and respond to their work environment. Organizational climate exists at multiple levels - the overall organization, individual work groups, and personal psychological experiences. It is measured through employee perceptions and influences important outcomes like job satisfaction, performance and retention. Managing organizational climate effectively requires understanding factors that create resistance to change as well as strategies to overcome resistance.
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...inventy
People’s lives are increasingly centred on work; they spend at least one-third of their time within the organisations that employ them. Investigating the factors that interfere with employees’ well-being and the organisational environment is becoming an increasing concern in organisations. This article identifies the criteria of the quality of life (QoL), quality of working life (QWL) and organisational climate instruments to point out their similarities. For bibliographic construction and data research, articles were sought in national and international journals, books and dissertations/articles in SciELO, Science Direct, Medline and Pub Med databases. The results show direct relationships amongst QoL, QWL and organisational climate instruments. The relationship between QoL and QWL instruments is based on fair compensation, social interaction, organisational communication, working conditions and functional capacity. QWL and organisational climate instruments are related through social interaction and interfaces. QoL and organisational climate instruments are related based on social interaction, organisational communication, and work conditions.
The document contains a list of 9 tables and charts related to classifying employees based on different factors such as age, gender, qualifications, work experience, satisfaction levels, interpersonal relationships, rewards, performance, and career opportunities. Each table is given a title and assigned a page number in the document.
Similar to International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) (20)
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International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org Volume 2 Issue 12 ǁ December 2013ǁ PP.12-20
Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation in
PennaCement Industries Limited (PCIL)
1
K.Haritha, 2Dr. S.E.V.Subrahmanyam
1
Assistant professor, Department of MBA, Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies,
Chittoor 517127
2
Professor and Director, Department of MBA, Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies,
Chittoor 517127
ABSTRACT: Creating and sustaining competitive advantage is the top priority of any organisation.
Companies are trying to be more competitive through continuously building their capabilities and process.
There are many sources of competitive advantages such as human resources, technology, structure and process
etc. Many organisations are realized that human resources are of one of the important source of competitive
advantage and sustaining of the organisation for a long term.Itis evidenced that work environment play a
positive role in exerting greater efforts from the employees. Thus, positive work environment can be created
with the help of organisational climate intervention. This study investigates the prevailing organisational
climate in Penna Cement Industries Limited and to identify the variations in perception on organisational
climate base on demographic characteristics. Research hypotheses are developed from the related literature
and tested through the data collected from 250 sample respondents. The collected data is analyzed with the help
of SPSS (20 version). The results revealed that there is existence of positive organisational climate (such as Job
Characteristics, Empowerment, Personal Relations, Performance and Reward, Participative Management,
Conflict Resolution etc.)
KEYWORDS: Organisational Climate, Conflict Resolution, Empowerment, Job Characteristics, Performance
and Reward, Participative Management.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Organizations in the 21stcentury are facing more challenges than ever before. These challenges are not
unique to any specific organisation or industry, but affect all organisations, regardless of their structure or size.
Organizational climate in particular is constantly challenged by changes impacting organisations today (Nair,
2006). To survive and outdo their competitors, organisations are constantly seeking to improve their
performance. Brown and Leigh (1996)opinion thatorganizational climate is becoming more important than ever
before because organisations need to ensure that those individuals who add value to the bottom line should stay
in the organisation and continue pouring their efforts into their work to benefit the organisation.
According to Watkin and Hubbard (2003), high-performing organisations have climates with particular
measurable characteristics, which are shown to directly account for up to 30% of the variance in key business
performance measures. This is supported by research that examined the relationship between the way in which
employees describe their work environments and the relative performance of these environments (Wiley &
Brooks, 2000). Since Mayo‟s (1993) studies at Western Electric, researchers have been interested in
understanding how employees‟ perceptions of the work environment influence their level of job satisfaction.
These studies found that environmental factors influence worker productivity and morale. Peek (2003)in his
study report that an organisational climate that allows a high degree of autonomy and nurtures relationships
among peers, supervisors and subordinates results in more satisfied workers. Organisations that are able to
create environments that employees perceive as benign and in which they are able to achieve their full potential
are seen as a key source of competitive advantage (Brown & Leigh, 1996). Organisational climate can therefore
be regarded as a key variable in successful organisations.
II.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
In this section an attempt has been made to review the previous empirical studies relating to
organisation climate and for the purpose of formulationof problem statement for the present topic.
Organisational climate is a meaningful construct with significant implications for understanding human
behaviour in organisations (Allen, 2003; Al-Shammari, 1992; Ashforth, 1985; Cotton, 2004; Glission & James,
2002; Tustin, 1993; Woodman & King, 1978). A number of definitions of organisational climate have been
www.ijbmi.org
12 | Page
2. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
formulated in the various studies on the concept (Forehand & Gilmer, 1974; Gerber, 2003; Hellriegel & Slocum,
1974; Litwin & Stringer, 1968; McMurray, 2003; Moran & Volkwein, 1992; Pritchard & Karasick, 1973;
Schneider & Snyder, 1975; Tagiuri & Litwin, 1968)and although a precise and unitary definition of climate does
not exist, researchers found that certain characteristics describe the construct and differentiate it from other
concepts. These characteristics are as follows:
Climate is generally considered to be a molar construct that can change over time.
It is perceived by and shared among organisational members, which can result in consensus among
individuals.
It consists of global impressions of the organisation that members form through interacting with each
other and organisational policies, structures and processes.
Climate perceptions are descriptions of environmental events and conditions rather than evaluations of
them.
The climate construct is multidimensional.
It refers to the „feeling of an organisation‟.
Climate can potentially influence an individual‟s behaviour.
For the purposes of present investigation, definitions by Gerber (2003) and Moran and Volkwein(1992)
were integrated. Organisational climate is defined as the shared perceptions, feelings and attitudes that
organisational members have about the fundamental elements of the organisation, which reflect the established
norms, values and attitudes of the organisation‟s culture and influences individuals‟ behaviour positively or
negatively.
Organizational climate has been defined as a perception of the psychologically important aspects of the
work environment and is recognized as a potential influence on employees‟ workplace behavior and job
satisfaction (Ashforth, 1985). Climate consists of a set of characteristics that describe an organization,
distinguish it from other organizations, are relatively enduring over time and influence the behavior of people in
it. The individual worker‟s perception of his work environment rather than a consensus view is considered, as
different individuals may perceive the same workplace in different ways (Klien K. J., 2001).
Organizational climate is defined as shared perceptions or prevailing organizational norms for conducting
workplace activities (Reichers&schneider, 1990). It has been conceptualized as a cognitively based set of
perceptual descriptions that define the psychological climate (Jones, 1984), and therefore it is possible to
measure individual-level perceptions of the organizational climate for updating (Kozlowski&Hults, 1987). So
the focus is on employees' perceptions of salient features of the organizational context. Kozlowski (1988)
recommended that research consider the interaction between individual characteristics and perceived situational
features of the environment when determining whether technical professionals will voluntarily seek to learn new
skills. Perceptions relevant to a specific climate domain such as the innovation climate have motivational
implications on congruent behavioral outcomes (Schneider, 1983).
According to Campbellet, (1970)organizational climate is defined as a set of attributes specific to a
particular organization that may be induced from the way that organization deals with its members and its
environment. For the individual members within the organization, climate takes the form of a set of attitudes and
experiences which describe the organization in terms of both static characteristics (such as degree of autonomy)
and behavior outcome.
Neelameham(2013) in his study found that the relation between demographic variables and organisational
climate of a cement company, found no significant influence of religion on overall organisational climate.
Verghese Singh &Verma(2010) studied the relation between customer orientation and organizational climate
from a sample of 500 employees in public sector and private sector banks and arrived at a conclusion that
organizational climate enhances with customer orientation. Higher customer orientation is conducive for
building a sound organizational climate.
Srivastav(2009) investigated organizational climate by measuring six climate motives on 453 executives
in a large Indian public sector industry using motivational analysis of organizational climate. The findings
demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of organizational climate, and the study helps to provide a better
appreciation of differences in employee behavior across the company.
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3. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
Schulte (2006) conducted a research, which demonstrated that both individual-level climate perceptions
and organizational climate are related to job satisfaction and examined the overall climate in a work unit has
significant influence on individual attitudes, after accounting for individuals‟ idiosyncratic perceptions of the
climate.
Smit,Collins & Clark (2005) suggested that an organization‟s climate plays a strategic role in knowledge
creation capability. Patterson,Warr& West (2004) predicted that associations between company climate and
productivity would be mediated by average level of job satisfaction by studying 42 manufacturing companies
and interpreted that company productivity was more strongly correlated with those aspects of climate that had
stronger satisfaction loadings. The study with regard to hotel industry of Davidson (2000) for the influence of
demographics on organisational climate found no influence of gender. The results imply that perceptual abilities
of employees do not differ in gender towards organisational climate. Hence, HR systems and policies may not
be framed keeping in view gender of the employees.
Lin (1999) studied the relationship between organizational climate and quality management practices of
Taiwanese small-and medium-sized manufacturing companies and connoted the small and medium-sized firms
that tend to de-emphasize organizational structure appear to have a high-quality-tendency orientation.
Organizational climate is defined as shared perceptions or prevailing organizational norms for conducting
workplace activities (Reichers&schneider, 1990). It has been conceptualized as a cognitively based set of
perceptual descriptions that define the psychological climate (Jones, 1984), and therefore it is possible to
measure individual-level perceptions of the organizational climate for updating (Kozlowski&Hults, 1987).
Dawson (1987) Focus on demographic determinants of workers job satisfaction but, the others relate it with
nature of work and working conditions at the workplace. Similarly, fair promotion system in the organization,
job autonomy, leadership behaviour, social relations and the job itself are also among the important factors of
job satisfaction.
III.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The present study makes an attempt to examine the organizational climate in Penna Cement Industries
Limited (PCIL) through the organizational climate dimensions which are more comprehensive. It has been
empirically proved in many Indian and Western organizations that employee-centered climate and achievementoriented climate ultimately improve performance. In this context, it seems worthwhile to undertake an
investigation into organizational climate. The valid conclusions based on such an investigation would result in
suggestions for bringing about a work environment essential for scaling new heights in employee productivity in
manufacturing sector. Further it stimulates thinking among researchers on dimensions to be incorporated in a
study of organizational climate.
IV.
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Organisational climate is essentially about „what it‟s like to work here‟. True to the climate metaphor,
organisational climate is primarily about the perceptions of the climate rather than its absolute measures. While
temperature is an important measure of geographic climate, it is not the temperature that is of interest, but our
perception of it. “What may be too cool for me may be too warm for you”.
Its characteristics and perceptions into categories such as the nature of inter-personal relationships, nature of
hierarchy, the nature of work and the focus of support and rewards. It is through those characteristics and
perceptions that climate has a bio-directional relationship with everything the organisation affects and is
affected.
Organisational literature describes climates of crisis, trust, cooperation, calm, distrust, entrepreneurial,
innovation, fear, respect, collective learning, openness and so on.
Climates are also described as political, supportive, creative, strong etc.
For each climate there is an opposite climate; calm v/s crisis, trust v/s distrustetc.
Climate relates strongly to performance measures
Thus the above discussions show how the problem of climate is very important to the organisation hence the
present study.
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4. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
V.
RESEARCH METHOD AND DESIGN:
Objectives of the Study
The following are the objectives of the present study
1.
To study the perception of employees towards their working environment (Organisational Climate
Dimensions).
2.
To identify the variations in perceptions on Organisational Climate Dimensions base on personal
variables (such as Age, Gender, Education, Religion, Caste and Income variables).
3.
To offer suggestions to improve the Organisational Climate in Penna Cement Industries Limited.
Hypotheses of the study
In order to achieve the above stated objectives, the following hypotheses have been proposed.
H: The perceptions of respondents on organisational climate dimensions differ significantly among
differentdemographic groups of respondents.
Research Design
The descriptive survey research is considered suitable for the present study. The reason for selecting
the descriptive method of research was that it helps in generalization to a greater extent than the experimental
research design.
Population of the Study
The target population for the present study is all category of employees working in Penna Cement
Industries Limited, plant located in Tadipatri, Anantapuram District (Andhra Pradesh).
Sample Method and Size
Sample respondents for the present study is divided in two different strata based on level of
management and department to which they belong. From each level of management and department a total of
250 sample respondents are selected based on stratified random sampling method. Table I provides the
demographic details of the respondents.
Table I. Profile of Respondents – Penna Cements
Demographic Factor
Frequency
Below 30 years
11
31 – 40 years
119
Age
41 – 50 years
93
51 years and above
27
Male
197
Gender
Female
53
Hindu
208
Religion
Christian
13
Muslim
29
OC
123
Caste
BC
103
SC
24
SSC
63
Inter
111
Educational
Qualification
UG
37
PG and Above
39
Below Rs. 10000
129
Income
Level Rs. 10001 - Rs. 20000 51
(Monthly)
Rs. 20001 - Rs. 30000 31
Rs. 30001 and above
39
Percentage
4.4
47.6
37.2
10.8
78.8
21.2
83.2
5.2
11.6
49.2
41.2
9.6
25.2
44.4
14.8
15.6
51.6
20.4
12.4
15.6
Sources of Data
The study utilised both primary and secondary sources for collecting data. The primary sources of data
collectionis done with the help of administration of structured questionnaire and secondary sources are journals,
books, reports and records, PhD dissertations and internet sources.
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5. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
Tools of Data Analysis
In this study data analysis is performed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS
20 version). The study used both descriptive as well as inferential statistics to represent the responses.
Hypothesis testing is done using, t-test for large samples and ANOVA.
VI.
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS:
Table II. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions
OC Dimensions
Number of items Mean
Job Characteristics
10
3.88
Empowerment
7
4.15
Relations
5
4.16
Performance and Reward
12
4.18
Standardization
6
3.96
Managerial Structure
4
4.22
Power and Centralization
4
4.13
Participative Management 2
4.42
Conflict Resolution
2
3.31
Knowledge and Innovation 7
4.01
Risk Taking
2
3.83
Welfare and Security
5
3.90
Teamwork
4
3.71
Communications
9
3.75
Managerial Style
5
3.90
Compensation
3
3.63
Appraisal System
2
3.65
S.D.
0.65
0.66
0.73
0.68
0.98
0.83
0.82
0.49
1.29
1.03
0.86
1.22
1.11
0.99
1.14
1.13
0.90
Table II shows the overall mean perceptions of OC dimensions for Penna Cement Industries Limited.
All the dimensions are positively viewed by the respondents with the mean scores ranging from 3.31 to 4.42 and
corresponding standard deviation (SD) ranging from 0.49 to 1.29. The high positive responses indicate the
respondents‟ agreement with the existence of positive organisational climate in Penna Cement Industries
Limited. Each OC dimension is measured using a set of statements on a 5-point Likert type scale.
Table III. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Gender
Male (N = 197) Female (N = 53) Levene's Test
p (Sig.
Sl. No. OC Dimension
t (df = 248)
level)
Mean S.D. Mean
S.D. F Value p (Sig. level)
1
Job Characteristics
3.87
0.65 3.85
0.65 0.007 0.933
0.456
0.649
2
Empowerment
4.15
0.67 4.15
0.63 0.515 0.474
-0.044
0.965
3
Relations
4.16
0.74 4.15
0.67 1.573 0.211
0.184
0.854
4
Performance and Reward 4.18
0.67 4.18
0.69 0.375 0.541
0.041
0.967
5
Standardization
3.95
0.97 3.98
1.01 1.301 0.255
-0.655
0.513
6
Managerial Structure
4.22
0.83 4.22
0.84 0.320 0.572
0.167
0.868
7
Power and Centralization 4.15
0.81 4.06
0.85 0.194 0.660
1.572
0.117
8
Participative Management 4.40
0.50 4.50
0.44 1.247 0.265
-1.292
0.198
9
Conflict Resolution
3.34
1.28 3.20
1.31 0.610 0.436
1.659
0.098
10
Knowledge and Innovation 4.02
1.03 3.96
1.05 0.128 0.721
1.297
0.196
11
Risk Taking
3.85
0.86 3.74
0.83 0.114 0.736
1.341
0.181
12
Welfare and Security
3.91
1.22 3.87
1.24 0.192 0.662
0.844
0.399
13
Teamwork
3.72
1.11 3.69
1.12 0.016 0.899
0.469
0.639
14
Communications
3.75
0.99 3.77
0.99 0.001 0.980
-0.453
0.651
15
Managerial Style
3.9
1.15 3.89
1.11 0.241 0.624
0.458
0.648
16
Compensation and Others 3.6
1.12 3.72
1.14 1.182 0.278
-1.962
0.051
17
Appraisal System
3.65
0.88 3.64
0.97 0.093 0.760
0.185
0.854
As shown in Table III, p values for the corresponding t statistics are greater than the critical value of
0.05 for all the 17 OC Dimensions. This indicates that there are no statistically significant differences in
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6. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
perceptions of organizational climate among male and female respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the perceptions of male and female respondents towards organizational climate does not differ.
Table IV. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Age Groups
Age of Respondents
Below 30 Yrs 31 - 40 Yrs 41 - 50 Yrs 51 Yrs and Above
Sl. No. OC Dimensions
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean
S.D.
1
Job Characteristics
3.73
0.65 3.90 0.64 3.87 0.63 3.88
0.73
2
Empowerment
4.16
0.60 4.09 0.65 4.18 0.68 4.28
0.59
3
Relations
4.18
0.83 4.15 0.74 4.14 0.75 4.29
0.58
4
Performance and Reward 4.15
0.61 4.15 0.69 4.19 0.67 4.28
0.62
5
Standardization
4.04
0.87 3.97 0.98 3.92 1.00 3.98
0.94
6
Managerial Structure
4.26
0.66 4.16 0.86 4.23 0.81 4.45
0.69
7
Power and Centralization 4.12
0.77 4.07 0.84 4.17 0.81 4.32
0.70
8
Participative Management 4.36
0.23 4.43 0.50 4.44 0.50 4.35
0.53
9
Conflict Resolution
3.32
1.28 3.23 1.35 3.36 1.23 3.54
1.06
10
Knowledge and Innovation 4.02
0.94 3.94 1.05 4.05 1.02 4.18
0.91
11
Risk Taking
3.98
0.73 3.73 0.89 3.86 0.84 4.05
0.65
12
Welfare and Security
3.85
1.18 3.83 1.24 3.95 1.21 4.10
1.12
13
Teamwork
3.57
1.08 3.67 1.12 3.77 1.11 3.80
1.00
14
Communications
3.66
0.94 3.70 1.01 3.80 0.97 3.87
0.91
15
Managerial Style
3.94
1.08 3.85 1.14 3.94 1.16 3.97
1.07
16
Compensation and Others 3.49
1.18 3.57 1.14 3.68 1.10 3.77
0.99
17
Appraisal System
3.59
0.86 3.57 0.96 3.71 0.84 3.80
0.70
**F-value significant at p<0.001
*F-value significant at p<0.05
F-Value
1.383
3.590*
1.234
3.132*
0.868
7.104**
4.278*
0.270
2.719*
6.042**
3.432*
6.439**
2.929*
5.191*
2.978*
2.921*
2.155
One-way between groups ANOVA was conducted to identify the perceptual differences among
different age groups on OC dimensions. Table IV shows the results of ANOVA between 17 OC dimensions and
4 age groups of respondents. The results reveal that, 4 age groups significantly differ in their perceptions
towards 12 out of 17 OC dimensions. They are: empowerment, performance and reward, managerial structure,
power and centralization, conflict resolution, knowledge and innovation, risk taking, welfare and security,
teamwork, communications, managerial style and compensation and others. For other 5 OC dimensions, there
are no significant differences among perceptions of 4 age groups
Table V. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Educational Qualification
Educational Qualifications of Respondents
SSC
INTER
UG
PG & ABOVE F-Value
Sl. No. OC Dimensions
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean
S.D.
1
Job Characteristics
3.83
0.68 3.90
0.66 3.90
0.61 3.88
0.61 1.091
2
Empowerment
4.02
0.68 4.11
0.64 4.27
0.63 4.33
0.58 12.302**
3
Relations
4.07
0.76 4.18
0.74 4.21
0.71 4.22
0.66 2.065
4
Performance and Reward 4.10
0.68 4.16
0.68 4.31
0.60 4.25
0.63 9.820**
5
Standardization
3.93
0.98 4.00
1.00 3.93
0.93 3.90
0.94 1.553
6
Managerial Structure
4.16
0.84 4.17
0.82 4.27
0.83 4.43
0.73 8.978**
7
Power and Centralization 4.05
0.82 4.08
0.85 4.24
0.72 4.32
0.71 6.917**
8
Participative Management 4.46
0.36 4.38
0.52 4.53
0.56 4.38
0.53 1.039
9
Conflict Resolution
3.23
1.34 3.24
1.32 3.48
1.14 3.53
1.11 4.723*
10
Knowledge and Innovation 3.89
1.04 3.98
1.04 4.13
0.96 4.16
0.94 10.479**
11
Risk Taking
3.68
0.88 3.78
0.90 3.98
0.70 4.03
0.68 4.934*
12
Welfare and Security
3.79
1.24 3.86
1.23 4.04
1.16 4.07
1.13 9.374**
13
Teamwork
3.64
1.14 3.65
1.10 3.89
1.05 3.84
1.05 8.500**
14
Communications
3.69
0.99 3.69
0.99 3.87
0.95 3.90
0.93 10.878**
15
Managerial Style
3.82
1.16 3.89
1.15 3.96
1.12 4.01
1.08 4.734*
16
Compensation
3.62
1.19 3.53
1.11 3.73
1.09 3.79
1.02 4.915*
17
Appraisal System
3.51
4.03 3.62
0.90 3.82
0.83 3.79
0.69 3.982*
**F-value significant at p<0.001
*F-value significant at p<0.05
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7. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
The results of ANOVA between 4 groups of respondents on educational qualification and 17 OC
dimensions are shown in Table V. Out of 17 OC dimensions, F-values are significant at p<0.05 and p<0.001 for
13 OC dimensions across 4 educational groups. The other 4 OC dimensions for which F-values are insignificant
are job characteristics, relations, standardization and participative management. This indicates that there are
significant perceptual differences among four educational groups towards 13 OC dimensions and respondents do
not show significant differences in their perceptions towards other 4 OC dimensions.
Table VI. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Religion
Religion of Respondents
Hindu
Christian
Muslim
Sl. No. OC Dimensions
F - Value
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
1
Job Characteristics
3.88 0.65 3.97 0.55 3.86 0.62 0.787
2
Empowerment
4.55 0.66 4.59 0.54 4.44 0.68 2.054
3
Relations
4.19 0.68 4.12 0.74 4.10 0.73 0.567
4
Performance and Reward 4.20 0.66 4.15 0.69 4.17 0.63 3.626*
5
Standardization
4.03 0.92 3.95 1.00 3.86 0.95 1.317
6
Managerial Structure
4.25 0.79 4.27 0.82 4.56 0.84 0.069
7
Power and Centralization 4.01 0.81 4.11 0.92 3.99 0.78 1.179
8
Participative Management 4.42 0.51 4.54 0.38 4.40 0.41 0.401
9
Conflict Resolution
3.33 1.27 3.53 1.30 3.24 1.35 1.491
10
Knowledge and Innovation 4.01 1.02 4.03 0.99 3.95 1.05 0.304
11
Risk Taking
3.82 0.84 3.87 0.73 3.79 1.00 0.059
12
Welfare and Security
3.89 1.21 3.93 1.23 3.87 1.22 0.098
13
Teamwork
3.71 1.11 3.77 0.97 3.74 1.09 0.303
14
Communications
3.76 0.97 3.71 0.99 3.73 0.98 0.379
15
Managerial Style
3.89 1.15 4.03 1.12 4.07 1.14 0.909
16
Compensation
3.64 1.14 3.79 0.99 3.50 1.13 2.179
17
Appraisal System
3.67 0.88 3.71 0.81 3.51 0.99 2.028
*F-value significant at p<0.05
The results of ANOVA conducted to study the effect of religion of respondents on OC dimensions are
reported in Table VI. Results in the table reveal that F-value is significant for only one dimension i.e.
performance and reward at p<0.05. This imply that there are significant differences among perceptions of
Hindus, Muslims and Christians towards performance and reward policies in the organisation. But, the different
religious groups do not differ in their perceptions towards other 16 OC dimensions.
Table VII. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Caste
Caste of Respondents
OC
BC
SC
Sl. No. OC Dimensions
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
1
Job Characteristics
3.85
0.67 3.89
0.66 4.20
0.60
2
Empowerment
4.19
0.65 3.99
0.68 4.11
0.62
3
Relations
4.17
0.74 4.13
0.76 4.24
0.68
4
Performance and Reward
4.19
0.67 4.15
0.72 4.03
0.67
5
Standardization
3.97
0.97 3.85
1.03 3.92
0.99
6
Managerial Structure
4.23
0.84 4.24
0.88 4.31
0.85
7
Power and Centralization
4.14
0.81 4.25
0.78 4.07
0.88
8
Participative Management 4.42
0.51 4.54
0.38 4.40
0.41
9
Conflict Resolution
3.32
1.20 3.52
1.21 3.22
1..43
10
Knowledge and Innovation 4.01
0.99 4.05
0.97 3.97
1.04
11
Risk Taking
3.83
0.86 3.87
0.77 3.81
1.15
12
Welfare and Security
3.91
1.00 3.95
1.02 3.88
1.03
13
Teamwork
3.69
1.10 3.77
1.13 3.74
1.20
14
Communications
3.75
0.99 3.71
1.00 3.73
0.99
15
Managerial Style
3.82
1.12 4.03
0.97 4.07
1.13
16
Compensation
3.65
1.11 3.75
1.00 3.53
1.12
17
Appraisal System
3.64
0.99 3.61
1.02 3.84
0.78
**F-value significant at p<0.001
*F-value significant at p<0.05
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F - Value
0.592
3.967*
1.214
2.448
0.487
7.871**
2.132
2.162
3.147*
4.054*
3.082*
4.348*
11.056**
12.003**
3.366*
2.913
1.901
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8. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
Above table shows the ANOVA results conducted between 17 OC dimensions and three caste
categories i.e. OC, BC and SC. The F-values are significant for 9 OC dimensions at p<0.05 and p<0.001. The 9
OC Dimensions are empowerment, managerial structure, conflict resolution, knowledge and innovation, risk
taking, welfare and security, teamwork, communications and managerial style. This indicates that there are
significant differences among different caste groups towards 9 OC dimensions while these caste groups do not
differ in their perceptions towards the other 8 OC dimensions.
Table VIII. Perceptions of Respondents on OC Dimensions across Income Levels
Income level of Respondents
Below
Rs.10001Rs.20001Rs.30001 and
Sl.
OC Dimensions
F – Value
Rs.10000
Rs.20000
Rs.30000
above
No.
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
1 Job Characteristics
3.87 0.64 3.84
0.71 3.88
0.61 3.89
0.63 0.07
2 Empowerment
4.05 0.66 4.50
0.65 4.35
0.58 4.30
0.60 11.84**
3 Relations
4.13 0.75 4.12
0.79 4.21
0.66 4.25
0.63 1.88
4 Performance and Reward
4.14 0.67 4.13
0.69 4.32
0.57 4.27
0.62 10.05**
5 Standardization
3.97 0.97 3.86
1.04 3.99
0.91 3.89
0.94 0.66
6 Managerial Structure
4.16 0.84 4.15
0.80 4.50
0.77 4.48
0.78 10.14**
7 Power and Centralization
4.05 0.83 4.09
0.85 4.36
0.94 4.32
0.95 9.00**
8 Participative Management 4.41 0.48 4.40
0.42 4.61
0.42 4.32
0.63 2.14
9 Conflict Resolution
3.21 1.36 3.23
1.22 3.57
1.09 3.56
1.02 7.29**
10 Knowledge and Innovation 3.93 1.06 3.97
1.03 4.14
0.93 4.21
0.89 13.17**
11 Risk Taking
3.74 0.89 3.71
0.90 3.99
0.78 4.09
0.64 6.20**
12 Welfare and Security
3.80 1.21 3.90
1.20 4.08
1.11 4.12
1.09 13.84**
13 Teamwork
3.64 1.10 3.65
1.12 3.93
0.99 3.89
1.00 11.58**
14 Communications
3.68 1.00 3.71
1.03 3.95
0.87 3.89
0.90 16.18**
15 Managerial Style
3.84 1.12 3.90
1.20 4.01
1.08 4.05
1.09 5.72**
16 Compensation
3.54 1.15 3.60
1.11 3.82
1.10 3.79
1.09 6.40**
17 Appraisal System
3.56 0.95 3.64
0.96 3.95
0.78 3.85
0.74 5.63**
**F-value significant at p≤0.001
The results of ANOVA between 4 groups of respondents on monthly income levels and 17 OC
dimensions are shown in Table 8. Out of 17 OC dimensions, F-values are significant at p≤0.001 for 13 OC
dimensions across 4 monthly income groups. The other 4 OC dimensions for which F-values are insignificant
are job characteristics, relations, standardization and participative management. This indicates that there are
significant perceptual differences among four monthly income groups towards 13 OC dimensions and
respondents do not show significant differences in their perceptions towards other 4 OC dimensions.
VII.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
A sound climate is a long-run proposition. Managers need to take an assets approach to climate,
meaning that they take the long run view of climate as an organisational asset. Many think that organisational
climate is an indirect determinant of behaviour in an interactive sense. The individual‟s perceptions of what are
“out there” acts as a moderating or intervening variable between organisational stimuli and resultant behaviour.
In view of the above discussion, the findings and their implications should be taken into account in the design of
human resource programs as well as in the making of policy. Due attention has to be paid to the value systems
of the population as a whole, as well the differences in perceptions found between sub-populations.
The findings of the study also suggests that, similar studies may be taken up on several organisations in
the same industry at a time to examine the variations in perceptions across organisations in an industry. There
exists a gap between what an employee wants and has. This study has examined the perceptions of employees.
Further studies may explore the relationship between what an employee perceives and what his superior things
the employee perceives. Thereby filling the gap between what is expected and what is resulted. This study
merely explored organizational climate in the Penna Cement Industries Limited. Studies where the
organizational climate as an independent variable exerting influence on employee performance and satisfactions,
as a dependent variable to be influenced by leadership, structure, technology, etc., and as an intervening variable
should be of immense importance to practitioners.
While employers have little latitude for influencing demographic characteristics of employees, factors
related to retention such as scheduling, opportunities for interpersonal interactions, salary/benefits, staffing, and
workload are under an employer's control. These elements can be addressed by managers with the intent of
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9. Organisational Climate: An Empirical Investigation…
reducing employee turnover. Above all, organization should provide necessary facilities, conductive
organizational climate and take actions that cater for the welfare of the workers to improve organizational
commitment. In sum, the construction of work environments moderates the relationship between certain climatic
elements of organizations (i.e. emphasis on teamwork, innovation, quality of communication, managerial
support, and the work itself), and employee affective attitudes such as job satisfaction.
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