This document provides lessons on using signal words such as never, ever, just, yet, already, since, and for in the context of the present perfect tense. It gives examples of affirmative and negative sentences using never and ever. It explains that just is used to express a recently completed action, yet suggests a time later than expected, and already expresses that something has happened sooner than expected. It provides instructions on using since with a specific time and for with a length of time. Finally, it links to exercises to practice these concepts.

1. Welcome to
UNAD Kids
Middle Kid

2. Lesson 2
Signal Words

3. NEVER
We use never in affirmative sentences:
but the meaning is negative.
• I have never cheated in an exam.
• My son has never been to Moscow.
• My brother has never gone to London.

4. EVER
• We use ever in interrogative sentences:
• Have you ever been to the United States?
• Have you ever traveled by train?
• Have you ever failed a class?

5. JUST
• We use just to express a recently completed
action.
• The cat has just caught a bird.
• The guests have just arrived.
• I have just finished my homework.

6. YET
• We use yet in interrogative and negative
sentences and it suggests a time later
than expected.
• Have you done your homework? No, I
haven't done it yet.
• Has your father seen your report? No, he
hasn't seen it yet.
• Have the visitors arrived? No, they haven't
arrived yet.

7. ALREADY
• We use already to express that something has
happened sooner than expected.
• Don't forget to bring your book! Oh, I have already
brought it.
• The boys are going to pack, aren't they? No. They
have already packed.
• Is Adam going to buy a new car? No, he isn't. He
has already bought it.

8. SINCE
Use since + (a specific time) like March 31, or 9:19
a.m., or Tuesday.
• I have been studying English since 1993.
• John has helped me since 10:00 this morning.
• Those people have been in Europe since
August.
Note: Because we are talking about a time in the
past until now, we have to use have/has + past
participle when we use since.

9. FOR
Use for + (a length of time) like 1 day, or 3 hours, or 5 years.
• I have been studying English for 4 years.
• John has helped me for 8 hours.
• Those people have traveled along Europe for 2 months.
Note: It is possible to use the past tense when you use for if
the action is finished.

10. Example of present perfect in
context
• This video
Shows
you how
to use
Present
Perfect.

11. Come on and practice
• This link will take you to some exercises you can
do in order to practice and see how much you
understood about this topic:

12. THANK YOU