A compilation of physical constants and conversion factors. MathCAD has physical constants and conversion factors built-in.

1. NASA sp·7012
.THE INTER.NATIONAL
"SYBT'E M J):,:F " U NITS
, ..'"
.. .
PHYSleAL:-~~C·O~NS·T ANTS and~. -. "", .' .'" ...~,~
CON V E.R~S·I:O·(N·· FAeTO R'S
..' REVISED
Scientific a1ld Techllicdl IIl/ormatiQIJ Division
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION 1969
.~ ~'~'/ NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D.C.

2. HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
The International System of Units evolved
from the unit of length, the meter, and the unit
of mass, the kilogram, which were created by
members of the Paris Academy of Sciences, and
adopted by the National Assembly of France in
1795. The meter, the kilogram, and several
other units came to be known as the metric
system of units.
The U.S. Congress legalized the use of the
metric system throughout the United States on
July 28, 1866. The Act of 1866 reads, in part,
It shall be lawful throughout the United States of
America to employ the weights and measures of the
metric system; and no contract or dealing, or pleading
in any courtt shall be deemed invalid or liable to objec­
tion because the weights or measurCl-l expressed or
referred to therein arc weights or measures of the metric
system.
Effective on April 5, 1893, and subsequently,
all legal units of measure used in the United
States have been metric units or are defined as
exact numerical multiples of. metric units. The
action establishing metric units as the ultimate
and fundamental base of all U.S. Customary
Units is known as the ";tVfendenhall Order."
T. C. !V1endenhall was U.S. Superintendent of
Standard Weights and Measures in 1893.
A highly significant step ill the establishment
of internationally unifornl standard units of
IneasureInent was the signing of the Treaty
(Convention) of the !vIeter by the United States
and' sixteen other nations on l1ay 20, 1875.
The Treaty of the Meter provides for an Inter­
national Bureau of Weights and Measures on
neutral ground u.t Sevres, near Paris, France;
for an" International Committee on Weights
and :Nleasures; and for a General (International)
Conference on Weights and Measures. The fUllc­
tion of these organs is to devise, refine, and
maintain precise interntltionully uniform :stnnd­
urds of measure. The Comnlittee, und Confer­
ence voting Inembers, are leuding professionnl
metrologists (men who have made the science o'f
measurement their careers) and in many cases
are the directors of national bureaus of stand­
ards. The Director of the U.S. National Bureau
of Standards is a member of both the Com­
mittee and the General Conference.
The Eleventh General Conference on Weights
and l1easures convened in Paris during October
1960, with Dr. A. V. Astin representing the United
States. At the Eleventh General Conference,
the metric system of units (based on the meter,
kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, and candela)
was given the name "International System of
Units," and the abbreviation "SI" in all
languages.
The Twelfth General Conference convened
in Paris during October 1964. Among other
tlctions, the Twelfth Conference redefined the
word "liter" as a special name for the cubic
decimeter, and authorized temporary use of the
"atomic second," but did not abrogate the
definition of the second, which is based on the
ephemeris of the Earth.
However, the Thirteenth Conference", meeting
in October 1967, did abrogate the ephemeris
definition of the second, and replaced it with
"the atomic definition. Among the other actions
of the Thirteenth Conference were a revision
of the definition of the cnndela, a redesignation
of the unit of t.hel'lllodynn.mic temperature,
the kelvin (K), and the addition of six derived
units to the international system. At the time
of the Thirteenth Conference, forty nations
were signatory to the Treaty of the Meter.
The Illtermltional System of Units is recom­
m~nded by members of the General Conference
on Weights and l1easures for all scientific,
technical, practicn.l, and teaching purposes.
On the following pages are the names,
abbreviations, und definitions of SI Units, the
,'ullle:::; pC physit·ttl (.'Ollstauts expressed in SI
Units, and numerical factors for converting
mi::icellnneous units to SI Uuits.
1

3. NAMES OF INTERNATIONAL UNITS
Physical Quantity Name oj Un.it
BASIC UNITS
Length meter
Mass kilogram
Time second
Electric current ampere
Temperature kelvin
Luminous intensity candela
DERIVED UNITS
Area square meter
Volume cubic meter
Frequency hnrtz
Density kilogram per cubic meter
Velocity meter per second
Angular velocity radian per second
Acceleration meter per second squared
Angular acceleration radian per second squared
Force newton
Pressure newton per sq meter
Kinematic viscosity sq meter per second
Dynamic viscosity newton-second per sq meter
Work, energy, quantity of heat joule
Power watt
Electric <"harge coulomb
Voltage, potential difference, electromotive force volt
Electric field strength volt per meter
Electric resistance ohm
Electric capacitance farad
Magnetic·flux weber
Inductance henry
Magnetic flux density tesla
Magnetic field strength ampere per meter
Magnetomotive force ampere
Luminous flux lumen
Luminance candela per sq meter
Illumination lux
Wave number 1 per meter
Entropy joule per kelvin
Specific heat jonle per kilogram kelvin
Thermal conductivity watt per meter kelvin
Radiant intensity watt per !'Iteradian
Activity (of a radioactive source) 1 per second
SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
Plane angle radian
Solid angle steradian
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
cd
mZ
m~
Hz
kg/m3
m/s
rnd/s
m/s?
rad/s2
N
N/m?
m2/s
N-s/m2
J
W
C
V
Vim
n
F
Wb
H
T
Aim
A
1m
cd/m2
Ix
m-1
J/K
J kg-I K-I
W m-I K-I
V/sr
S-I
rad
sr
(S-I)
(kg·m/s?)
(N·m)
(J/s)
(A-s)
(W/A)
(VIA)
(A-s/V)
(V-s)
(V's/A) IJ
(Wb/m2) 1: J 0 "76/W£,$
(cd-sr)
2

4. PREFIXES
The names of multiples and' submultiples of SI Units may be formed by application of the prefixes:
Factor by
which unit Prefix Symbol
is· multiplied
1012 tern T
100 giga G
1()8 mega M
1()3 kilo k
102 hccto h
10 dcka da
10-1 deci d
10-2 ccnti c
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro II
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p
10-1S fcmto f
10-18 atto a
3

5. DEFINITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL UNITS
Definitions of the most important SI Units are given in the following paragraphs. These defi­
nitions have been extracted from the records of the International Committee and the General
Conferences.
meter (m)
The meter is the lengt.h equal to 1 650 763.73
wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation cor­
responding to the transition between the'levels
2 PIO and 5 ds of the krypton-86 atom.
kilogram (kg)
The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal
to the mass of the international prototype of
the kilogram. (The international prototype of
the kilogram is a particular cylinder of plat­
inum-iridium alloy which is preserved in n, vault
at Sevres, France, by the International Bureau
of Weights and Measures.)
second (s)
The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770
periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of
the ground state of the cesium-133 atom.
ampere (A)
The ampere is that constant current which.,
if maintained in two straight parallel conductors
of infinite length, of negligible circular cross sec­
tion, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum,
would produce between these conductors a force
equal to 2X 10-7
newton per meter of length.
kelvin (K)
The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic tempera­
ture, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermo­
dynamic temperature of the triple p'oint of
water.
metre (m)
I.e metre est la longueur egale a1 650 763,73
longueurs d'onde dans Ie vide de la radiation
corresponoant : Ia t,rallsit.ion entre les niveaux
2 PIO et 5 ds de l'atome de krypton 86.
kilogramme (kg)
Le kilogramme est l'unite de masse; il est
egal a. la masse du prototype international du
kilogramme.
seconde (s)
La seconde est la duree de 9 192 631 '770
periodes de la radiation correspondant a la
transition entre les deux niveaux hyperfins de
Petat fondamental de l'atome de cesium 133.
ampere (A)
L'ampere est l'intensite d'un courant con­
stant qui, maintenu dans deux conducteurs
paralleles, rectilignes, de longueur infinie, de
section circuiaire negligeable et places it une
distance de 1 meter l'un de l'autre dans Ie vide,
produirait entre ces conducteurs une force.
egale a2X10-7
newton par metra de longueur.
kelvin (K)
Le kelvin, unite de temperature thermo­
dynamique, est In. fraction 1/273,16 de la
temperature thermodynamique du point triple
de Peau.
4

6. candela (cd)
The candela is the luminous intensity, in the
perpendicular direction, of 11 surface of
1/600 000 square meter of a blackbody at the
tempernture of freezing platinum under n,
pressure of 101 325 newtons per square meter.
newton (N)
The newton is that force which gives to a
mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 meter
per second per second.
joule (J)
The joule is the work done when the point· of
application of 1 newton is displaced a distance
of 1 meter in the direction of the force.
watt (W)
The watt is the power which gives rise to
the production of energy at the rate of 1 joule
per second.
volt (V)
The volt is the difference of electric potential
between two points of a conducting wire
carrying a constant current, of 1 ampere, when
the power dissipated between these points is
equal to 1 watt.
ohm (0)
The ohm is the electric resistance between
two points of a conductor when a constant
difference of potential of 1 volt, applied between
these two points, produces in this conduct.or a
current of 1 ampere, t.his conductor not being
the source of any electromotive force.
coulomb (0)
The coulomb is the quantity of electricity
transported III 1 second by a current of 1
ampere.
farad (F)
The farad is the capacitance of a cnpacitor
between the plates of which there appears a
difference of potential of 1 volt WRen it is
charged by a quantity of electricity equal to 1
.coulomb.
354-~ 0-70--2
candela (cd)
La candela est l'intensite lumineuse, dans
la direction perpendiculaire, d'une surface de
1/600 000 metre carre d'un corps noir a la
temperature de congelation du platine sous la
pression de 101 325 newtons par metre carre.
newton (N)
Le newton est la force qui communique aune
masse de 1 kilogramme l'acceleration de 1
metre par seconde, par seconde.
joule (J)
Le joule est la travail effectue lorsque Ie
point d'application de 1 newton de force se
deplace d'une distance egale a 1 metre dans la
direction de la force.
watt (W)
Le watt est la puissance qui donne lieu a
une production d'energie egale a 1 joule par
seconde.
volt (V)
Le volt est In. difference de potentiel electrique
qui existeentre deux points d'un fil conducteur
transportant un courant constant de 1 ampere,
Iorsque la puissance dissipee entre ces points
est egale a1 watt.
ohm (0)
L'ohm est Ia resistance electrique qui existe
entre deux points d'un conducteur lorsqu'-une
difference de potentiel constante de 1 volt,
appliquee entre ces deux points, produit, dans
ce conducteur, un courant de 1 ampere, ce
conducteur n'etant Ie siege d'aucune force
electromotrice.
coulomb (0)
Le coulomb est la quantite d'electricite
transportee en 1 seconde par un courant de 1 .
ampere.
farad (F)
Le farad est In rapacite d'un condensateur
electrique entre les armatures duquel apparatt
une difference de potentiel l'lectriqne de 1 volt,
lorsqu'il est charge d'une quantite d'electricite
egale a 1 coulomb.
5

7. henry (H) henry (H)
The henry is the inductance of a closed circuit
in which an electromotive force of 1 volt is
produced when t.he. electrie current in the eireuit
varies uniformly at fl rate of 1 ampere per
second.
weber (Wb)
The weber is the magnetie flux which, linking
a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electro­
motive foree of 1 volt as it is reduced to zero
at a uniform rate in 1 seeond.
lumen (1m)
The lumen is the luminous flux emitted in a
solid angle of 1 steradian by a uniform point
source having an intensity of 1 candela.
Le henry est l'inductance eleetrique d'un
.circuit ferme dans lequel une force electro­
Blot.rice de 1 volt. est. produite lorsque Ie courant
electrique qui parcollrt Ie circuit varie uni­
formement a raison de 1 ampere par seconde.
weber (Wb)
Leweber est Ie flux magnetique qui,traversant
un circuit d'une senle spire, y produirait une
force electromot.rice de 1 voH, si on l'anlenait a
zero en 1 secoude par decroissance nniforIne.
lumen (1m)
Le lumen est Ie flux lumineux emis dans Pangle
solide unite (steradian), par une source ponctu­
elle uniforme ayant une intensite lumineuse
de 1 candela.
6

8. --------
----------
-------------
----------
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
The following lists of physical constants are from t.he work of B. N. Taylor, W. H. Parker, and
D. N. Langenberg (Revie'lv8 of llodern Physics, July 1969). Their lenst-squares ndjustment. of ,·all1es
of the constn.nts depends strongly on II new nnd highly accurate (2.4 ppm) detcl:minatioll of elh from
the ac Josephson effect in superconductors, and is beHeved to be more accurate than the 1963 ad­
justment which nppeurs to suffer from the use of an incorrect value of the fine structure constant
as an input datum.
Quantity Symbol Value Error Prefix Unit
ppm
Speed of light in vncuum______________ e 2.997 9250 m 1'1-1O. 33 X 108
Gravitational consta.nt________________ 10-11G 6.673 2 N m2 kg-2460
Avogadro constant. __________________
102ftN.. 6. 022 169 6.6 kmolc-1
Boltzmann constant__________________ 10-23Ie J K-l1. 380 622 43
Gas constant ________________________ R 1()38. 314 34 42 J kmole-1 K-l
Yolumc of ideal gal';, standard conditions_ 101Vo 2. 241 36 m3 kmole-1
Faraday constant____________________
107F 9.648 670 5. 5 C kmole-1
Unified atomic masi'! unit______________ 10-27u 1. 660 531 6.6 kg
Planck constant______________________
10-34h 6.626 196 7.6 J s
10-34h/2r 1. 054 591 9 7.6 JsElectron charge______________________
10-19e 1. 602 191 7 4.4 C
Electron rest mass___________________
10-31m. 9. 109 558 6. 0 kg
5.485 930 10-'6.2 ·uProton rest mass_____________________
10-271. 672 614 6.6 kgm"
1. 007 27661 .08 u
Neutron rest mass_____ 10-271. 674920 6.6 kgm"
1. 008 665 20 .10 u
Electron charge to mass ratio__________ C kg-I·e/mf IOU1. 758 802 8 3. 1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant____________ d 10-85.669 61 W m-2 K4170
First radiation constant_______________ 1O-2{8rhe 4.992579 7. 6 Jm
Second radiation constant_____________ he/Ie 10-21. 438 833 43 mK
Rydberg constant____________________ m-1107Roo 1. 097 373 12 .10
Fine structure constant. ______________ a 10-37. 297 351 1.5
a-I 10+21. 370 360 2 1.5
Bohr radius_________________________
lO-il5. 291 771 5ao 1.5 m
Classical electron radius_____ • _________ r~ lO-u2.817939 4.6 m
Compton wavelength of electron_______ 10-122. 426 309 6Xc 3. 1 m
10-133. 861 592Xc/2r 3. 1 m
.Compton wavelength of proton ________ 10-1&1. 321 4409Xc,,, 6.8 m
-10-162. 103 139Xc. fI/2". 6.8 m
Compton wavelength of neutron_______ 10-151. 319 621 7Xc, It 6. 8 m
10-16Xc, ,,/2r 2. 100 243 6.8 m
Electron magnetic moment______ --- _... 10-2{ J T-l9.2848S111-. 7.0
Proton magnetic moment_____________ 10-26 J T-l1. 4106203 7. 0-"'PBohr magneton ______________________
10-24 J T-l9.274096 7.0II-B
Nuclear magneton___________________ 10-27p.,. J T-l5.050951 10 I
7

9. UnitError PrefixQuantity Symbol Value
ppm
I
I
Gyromagnetic ratio of protons in H20 __
Gyromagnctic ratio of protons in H2O
corrected for diamagnetism of H2O.
Magnetic flux. quantum_______________
, Quantum of circulation. ______________
'Y' p
'Y' p/21r
'Yp
'Y,,/21r
<1>0
h/2m,
hIm.
2.675 1270
4.257 597
2.675 1965
4.257 707
2.067 8538
3.636947
7.273894
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
3. 1
3.1
108
107
108
107
10-111
10-4
10-4
rad S~l T-l
Hz T-l
rad S-I T-l
Hz T-l
Wb
J S kg-I
J s kg-I
"Dimensionless" combination Value Error
ppm
Prefix
kg/eV________________________________________________
u/eV_________________________________________________
u/kg._______ • ____ • ___________________________________
miffeV___________________________ • ___________________
m~/eV • ______________________________________________
m"/eV _______________________________________________
eVIJ ________________________________________________
eV/Hz__ ~ ____________________________________________
eV m ________________________________________________
eV/K_____________________ ':' __________________________
(eV m)-l_____________________________________________
Ral/J________________________________________________
Rca/eV_______________________________________________
Rm/Hz______________________________________________
Rca/K_______________________________________________
m.,,/m,_____ ____ _____ ____ __ __ ________ ___ ___ __ __ ___ ____ _
""I"'B-----------------------------------------------­
",',,/"'B----------------------------------------------­
IJ.,,/"'s-----------------------------------------------­
""p/"'ft----------------------------------------------­"'p/p.,,________________________________________________
5.609538
9.314812
1. 660 531
5. 110 041
9.382592
9.395527
1. 602 191 7
2.4179659
8.065465
1. 160 485
1. 239 854 1
2.179914
1. 360 5826
3.2898423
1. 578 936
1. 836 109'
1. 001 1596389
1.520993 12
1. 521 03264
2.7927092 792 782
4.4
5.5
6.6
3.1
5.5
5.5
4.4
3. 3
3.3
42
3. 3
7.6
3.3
.35
43
6. 2
.0031
.066
.30
6.2
6.2
1()35
108
10-27
lOS
10'
108
10-1t
1014
lOS
10'
10-5 '
10-18
lOt
1015
lOS'
1{)3
10-3
10-3
8

10. _____________________
_______________________ _
CONVERSION FACTORS
The foHowing tables express the definitions of miscellaneous units of measure as exact nu­
merical multiples of coherent SI Units, and provide muJtiplying factors for converting numbers
and miscellaneous units to corresponding new numbers and S1 Units.
The first two digits of each numerical entry represent n power of 10. An ast·erisk follows each
number which expresses an exact definition. For exnmple, the entry "-02 2.54*" expresses the
fact that 1 inch=2.54X 10-2 meter, exactly, by definition. Most of the definitions are extracted
from NationaJ Bureau of Standards documents. Numbers not followed by an asterisk are only
approximate representations of definitions, or are the results of physieal measurements.
The conversion factors are listed alphabetically and by physicnl quantity.
The Listing by Physical Quantity includes only relationships which are frequently encountered
and deliberately omits the great multiplicity of combinations of units which are used for more
specialized purposes. Conversion factors for combinat.ions of units are easily generated fronl num­
bers given in the Alphabetical Listing by the technique of direct substitution or by other well­
known rules for manipulating units. These rules are adequately discussed in many science and
engineering textbooks and are not repeated. here.
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
To con.vert from to multiply by
Il'bnmpere_____________________________ _ ampere_____________________ _
+ 01 1.00*
abcoulomb _______________________ ~ _____ _ coulomb _____________ ______ _ + 01 1.00*
~abfarad________________________ _______ _ farad_____________________ _
+09 1.00*
abhenry_..; __________________________ _ henry ______________________ _
-09 1.00*Ilbmho________________________________ _ mho______________________ _
+09 1.00*abohm _______________________________ _ ohm ______________________ _
-09 1.00*
abvolt _________________________________ _ volt._______________________ _
-OR 1.00*
acrc__________________________________ _ meter' ____________________ _ + oa 4.046 R56 422 4* .
ampcrc (international of 1948L ___________ _ amperc _ 01 9.90R 35
angstrom_____________________________ _ meter___________________ ___ -10 1.00*
arc___________________'___ • ___________ _ meter'______________________ _ +02 1.00*
meter_____________________ _astronomical unit. __ ____ ______________ _ + 11 1.495 978 9
atmosphere_____________________________ _ ncwton/meter'_______________ _ +0.5 1.01325*
bar__________________________ ~ ________ _
newton/metcr2 _ -- _ -- --- ___ -- -- +0.5 1.00*
barn_____-------- ______________________ _ meter'._____________________ _ 1R 1.00*
meter_____________________ _barrel (petroleum, 42 gallons) _____________ _ - 01 1.589 873
barye__________________________________ _ newton/metcr_______________ _ - 01 1.00*
jOl~c
British thermal unit (ISO/TC 12>- _______ _ + 03 1.05.~ 06
British thermal unit (International Stenm
Table)_____________________________________ _ joule_______________________ _
+03 1.055 04
British thermal uriit (mean) ____ _______ _ joule_ __ _____________ . ___ _ + 03 1.0!)!) 87
British thermal unit (thermochemical) _____ _ +03 1.0fi4 afiO 264 488
British thcrmnlllnit (300 F) ________ • ___ _ 1~::!~~~~---..----~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~ +O:J 1.0;;0 67
British thermal unit (600 F) _______ _ j OllIe_____ . _________________ _ +03 1.0;;4 68
bushel (U.S.>- _______________________ _ metcr3_____'.. _________ _ - 02 3.523 907 016 688*
9

11. To convert from
cable___________________ _
caliber______ • _______ ______ • ___________ :
~
calorie (International Steam Table) _______ _
calorie (mean). _______________ . __ . _. _. __
calorie (thermochemical) ____ ____ ________ _
calorie (15° CL _______________________ _
caloric (200 C) __________________________ _
calorie (kilogram, International Steam
Table) _______________________________ _
caloric (kilogram, mcan) ___ ____ ________ _
calorie (kilogram, thermochemicnl) _______'__
carat (metric) ______ ____________ ~ ______ _
Celsius (tcmperatureL ___________________ _
ccntimeter of mcrcury (00 C) _____________ _
ccntimctcr of water (4° C) _______ _______ _
chain (enginecr or ramden} _______________ _
chain (surveyor or gunter) ___ _____ _____ _
circular miL____________________________ _
cord___________________________________ _
coulomb (internntional of 1948)___________ _
cubit__________________________________ _
cup___________________________________ _
curie__________________________________ _
day (mean solar) ____________________... ___ _
dny (sidercal) ___________________________ _
degree (angle) _________________________ _
denier (internntional) ____________________ _
dram (avoirdupois) ______________________ _
dram (troy or npothecary) _______________ _
dram (U.S. fluid) _______________________ _
dyne__________________________________ _
electron volt_____ ______ ________ ____ ___ __ _
erg________________"_ ______ ___ _____ ______
Fahrenheit (temperature) ______ ___ __ ___ ___
Fahrenheit (temperature) _________________
farad (international of 1948) _____ _____ ____ _
faraday (based on carbon 12)____ ___ ______ _
faradny (chemical) ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ __
faraday (physical)_______ _____ _________ ___
fathom_________________________________
fermi (femtometer)_______ ___ __ __ __ ____ __ _
fluid ounce (U.S.) ________________________
foot____________________________________
toot (U.S. survey)_____ ____ __ ___ __________
foot (U.S. survey)_____ ___ _____________ ___
fQot of water (39.20" F) _____ __ _________ ___ _
foot-candle__ ____ _______________________
foot-Iambert___ ___ ____ __ ___ _____ ______ ___
furlong_________________________________
gal (galile-o) _____________________________
gallon (U.K. liquid) ______________________
gnlIon (U.S. dry)_________________________
gallon (U.S. liquid) ____ _________________ __
to
mC'tcr_ __ _________________ _
joule_______________________ _
joulc______________________ _
j OllIe_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _
joulc______________________ _
j onle _____________ • _________ _
kilogram. _:. __ ____________ _
'kelvin. _________________ _
newton/mctcr2• _____ ---- ---­
ncwton/metcr2________________ .
mcter____________ _________ _
nlctcr____________________ _
meter2_____________________ _
meter!_____________________ _
coulomb____________________ _
metcr______________________ _
meter!_____________________ _
disintegration/second_________ _
sccond (menn solar) __________ _
second (mean solar) __________ _
rndinn _____________________ _
kilogfnm/meter___ _______ ___ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram_ ________ _________ _
meter_____________________ _
newton_____________________ _
joule_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _
kelvin______________________ _
Celsius_____________________ _
farad______________________ _
coulomb____________________ _
coulomb____________________ _
coulomb___________'___ . ____ _
metcr. ____________________ _
meter. _____________________ _
meter!____________________ _
meter_____________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
newton/meter2______________ _
lumen/meter!______________ _
candela/meter2______________ _
Dleter______________________ _
meter/second2_______________ _
metcr_____________________ _
mct.cr3 ___________________ _
meter____________________ _
multiply by
+022.19456*
-042.54*
+004.1868
+004.19002
+004.184*
+004.185 80
+004.181 90
+03 4.1868
+034.19002
+034.184*
-042.00*
tJC= tc+273.15
+03 1.33322
+01 9.80638
+01 3.048*
+ 01 2.011 68*
-10 5.067 074 8
+ 00 3.624 556 3
-01 9.99835
-01 4.572*
-04 2.365 882 3S5·
+ 10 3.70*
+04 8.64*
+04 8.616 409 0
-02,1.745 329 251 994 3
-07 1.00*
-03 1.771 845 105 312 5*
-03 3.887 9346*
-06 3.696 691 195 312 5*
-05 1.00*
-19 1.602 10
-07 1.00*
t1{= (5/9) (t,..+459.67)
tc= (5/9) (t/l'- 32)
-01 9.99505
+04 9.64870
+04 9.64957
+04 9.652 19
+00 1.8288*
-15 1.00*
- 05 2.957 352 956 25*
-01 3.048*
+00 1200/3937*
-01 3.048 006 096
+03 2.98898
+ 01 1.076 391 0
+ 00 3.426 259
+ 02 2.011 68*
-02 1.00*
- 03 4.546 087
- 03 4.404 883 770 86.
-03 3.785 411 784*
10

12. ,""
To convert from
gamma_________________________________
gauss___________________________________
gilbert__________________________________
gill (U.K.) ______________________________
gill (U.S.) _______________________________
grad______ *__ ___ _____ _____ ___ ____ _______
grad____________________________________
grain _______________ ___________ _______ .J
gram _________________________________
hand ______~---------.---------_- _____ _
hectare __________________ . ________ . __ _
henry (international of 1948) _. ___________ _
hogshead (U.S.) ___________________ .'. __ _
horsepower (550 foot 1bf/second) __________ _
horsepower (boiler) __________________ _
horsepower (electric) ____ . __________ _
horsepower (metric) __________________ _
horsepower (U.K.) ____________________ _
horsepower (water) ___________________ _
hour (m('an solar) ____________ - _________ _
hour (sidereal) __________________________ _
hundredweight (long) ___ ________ _______ _
hundredweight (short) ____________ ______ _
inch___________________________________ _
inch of mercnry (320 F) _________________ _
inch of mcrcnry (600 F) __________________ _
inch of wa,ter (39.20 F) ____________ _____ _
inch of water (600 F) ___________________ _
joule (international of 1948)______________ _
kayser_________________________________ _
kilocalorie (International Steam Table) ____ _
kilocalorie (mean) _______ : _______________ _
kilocalorie (thermochemical) ______________ _
kilogram mass__________________ • _______ _
kilogram force (kgf) _____________________ _
kilopond f')rce __________________________ _
kip___________________________ . ________ _
knot (international) __ __________________ _
lambert_______________________________ _
lambert_ _ __ __ _____ _____ _____ _____ _
langley .. _____ __ __ __ ________________ _
lbf (pound force, avoirdupois) ____________ _
Ibm (pound mas~, avoirdupois) ___________ _
league (British nautical) ________________ _
league (international nautical) _______ ____ _
league (statute) _________________________ _
light year_____________________________ .. _
link (engineer or ramden). ______________ _
link (surveyor or gunter) _________________ _
liter___________________________________ _
lux_________________ __________________ _~
maxwelL _______________________________
to
tesla_______________________ _
tesla_______________________ _
amperc turn ________ - - - - - - - - ­
meterJ_____________________ _
tneter3____________________ -­
degree (angular) _____________ _
radian _____________________ _
kilogram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- --.
kilogram ___________________ _
meter ___________________ _
meter2 __________ : __ _______ _
henry______________________ _
mnterJ ____ ________ _____ __'
watt______________________ _
watt _____________________ _
watt______________________ _
watt ______________________ _
watt_____ - ________________ _
watt ___________________ _
s('cond (nH'an solar) ________ _
second (mean solnr) _________ _
kilogram _. _______________ .. __
kilogram _________ __ _____ ­
meter______________________ _
newton/motorl _____ _____ .. _..
newton/metor: _____________ ­
ncwton/metorl _____ _.. ______ _
newton/meter2 ______________
joule_______________________ _
l/meter____________________ ..
joule_______________________ _
joule.______________________ _
joulc__• ____________________ _
kilogram _.:. _________________ _
newton_____________________ _
newton_____________________ _
newton____________________ _
meter/second ______ .. _.. ______ _
candela/mctcr2 _________ _
.candela/mcter2 ________ .. -­
joule/meter2________ .. ________ _
newton_____________________ _
kilogram ___________________ _
mcter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter_____________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter__________________ ___ _
meter_____________________ _
meterJ _____________________ _
Iumen/meter ________________
weber;: _____________ • ______
multiply by
-09 1.00*
-04 1.00*
-01 7.957 747 2
-04 1.420 652
-04 1.182 941 2
-01 9.00*
-02.1.570 796 3
-056.479891*
-03 1.00*
-01 1.016*
+04 l.00*
+00 1.000 49;,
- 01 2.384 809 423 92*
+ 02 7.4il6 998 7
+03 9.S0950
+02 7.46*
+02 7.3.54 99
+02 7.457
+02 7.46043
+():~ a.Go*
+oa 3.590 1704
+01 5.0RO 234 544*
+01 4.53:') 923 7*
-02 2.54*
+03 3.3~6 389
+03 3.37685
+02 2.49082
. +02 2.4884
+00 1.000 165
+02 1.00*
+03 4.186 74
+03 4.19002
+03 4.1~4*
+00 1.00*
+00 9.80665*
+00 9.80665*
+ 03 4.448 221 615 260 5*
-01 5.144444444
+04 VJr'*
+03 3.1830988
+04 4.184*.
+00 4.448221 615 260 5*
- 01 4.535 923 7*
+03 5.559 552*
+03 5.556*
+03 4.828032*
+ 15 9.46055
-01 3.048*
-01 2.011 68*
-03 1.00*
+00 1.00*
-08 1.00*
11

13. ______________________ _
To convert from
mete~ ____________________________ • ___ _
micron______________________________ _
mil. _____ ___ ________________________ _
mile (u.S. statut.e) ____________________ _
mile (U.K. nautical) ____________________ _
mile (int.ernational mmtical) _______ .. ____ _
mile (U.S. nl1.utical) _________________ _
millibar_____ ______________________ ___ _
millimeter of mercury (00 C) _____________ _
minute (angle)_______ ________________ _
minute (mean solar) _____________________ _
minute (sidereal) _____________ .. ______ ,.. __ _
mont.h (menn cnl{'ndarL _________ _
nautical mile (international) _____ ________ _
nautical mile (U.S.L _________________ _
nautical mile (U.K.)__ ________________ _
oersted____ ___________________ _
ohm (international of 104R) __ __________ _
ounce force (l1.voirdupoiR) ___ _____ _____ _
ounce mass (avoirdupois) ________________ _
ounce mass (troy or apothecary) ______ ..; ___ _
ounce (U.S. fluid) _______________________ _
pace___________________________________ _
parsec ________________________________ _
pascal ________________________________ _
peck (u.S.) ____________________________ _
pennyweight ___________________________ _
perch_______________________________ _
phot___________________________________ _
pica (printers) ______________ ~ ___________ _
pint (U.S. dry) _______ .. _________ • ______ _
pint (U.S. liquidL _________ • ___________ _
point (printers) ________________________ _
poise _________________________________ _
pole__________ : ______________________ _
pound force (lbf avoirdupois) ____________ .. _
pound mass (Ibm avoirdupois) ____________ _
pound mass (troy or apothecary) __________ _
poundal_______ ~ ________________________ _
quart (U.S. dry) ________________________ _
quart (U.S. liquid) ______________________ _
rad (radiation dose absorbed) _____________ _
Rankine (temperature) __________________ _
rayleigh (rate of photon emission) _________ _
rhe____________________________________ _
rod_________ ~ __________________________ _
roentgen_______________________________ _
rutherford______________________________ _
second (angle)__________________________ _
second (ephemeris) ______________________ _
second (mean .solar) _____________________ _
to
wavelengths Kr 86____ _
mp.t.er___ __________________ _
met.er______ _
nl('ter_________._____________ _
·rncter_____________________ _
rnotcr_____________________ _
meter_ ____________________ _
newton/meter! ______________ _
newton/meter2 _ _ __________ _
radian______ _____________ _
second (mean solar) __________ _
second (mean solar) ________ _
s{'cond (mean solar) __________ _
lnetcr_________________ __ _~
mcter_____________________ _
meter_______ _
ampcr{'/mcter__________ ___ _
ohm ____ _____ ____ ____ __
newt.on_________________ ..
kilogram ___ ____________ _ _
kilogram _______ _____ ___
meter3 __ ______________ _
meter______________________ _
meter_____________________ _
newton/meter2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -­
mcter3 ______ . _____________ . _
kilogram _____________ ____ _
meter____________________ ._
lumen/meter2 _______________ _
meter______________________ _
mctcr3 ____________________ _
mcter3 ____________________ •
m~ter ______________________ _
newton second/metC'r2________ _
meter____ ________________ _
newton_____________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
newton______________________.
metera________ ---- --- _--- ---­
mete~
joule/kilogram_______________ _
kelvin_______________________ _
l/second meter2_____________ _
meterl/newton second________ _
meter______________________ _
coulomb/kilogram___________ _
disintegration/sccond_________ _
radinn______________________ _
second_____________________ _
second (ephemeris) __________ _
' ..
multiply by
+ 06 1.6.10 763 73*
-06 1.00*
-05 2.54*
+03 1.609 344*
+03 1.853 184*
+03 1.8.12*
+03 1.852*
+02 1.00*
+ 02 1.333 224
- 04 2.908 882 086 66
+01 6.00*
+01 S.083 617 4
+06 2.628*
+03 1.852*
+03 1.852*
+ 03 1.853 184*
+01 7.9S7 747 2
+ 00 1.000 49ii
01 2.7RO 13R ;,
-02 2.834 0;'2 312 5*
-02 3.110347 68*
-OS 2.9;'7 352 956 25*
-01 7.62*
+ 16 3.08374
+00 1.00*
- 03 8.809 767 541 72*
-03 1.555 173 84*
+00 .1.0292*
+04 1.00
-03 4.217 5176*
- 04 S.506 104 713 575*
-04 4.731 764 73*
- 04 3.514 598*
-01 1.00*
+00 5.0292*
+00 4.448 221 615 260 5*
- 01 4.535 923 7*
-01 3.732417 216*
-01 1.382549 543 76*
-03 1.101 220942715*
-04 9.463 529 5
-02 LOO*
t1(= (5/0)t R
+ 10 1.00*
+01 1.00*
+00 5.0292*
- 04 2.579 76*
+06 1.00*
- 06 4.848 136 811
+ 00 1.000000000
Consult American Ephemeris
and Nautical Almanac
12

14. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
To convert from to
second (flidereal) __ _ second (mean solar) __________ _
section______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ________ ___ metcr!______________________ _
scruple (apothecary) ______________________ kilogram ________ w _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
shake______ w____________________________ second _____________________ _
skein_ __________ ____ w meter______________ ______'w_
slug _______ w kilogram ___________________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ '
- span_ ___ ________________________________ meter_: __________________,__ _
statampere_____________________ ________ ampere_____________________ _
statcoulomb__ ____ ____ _____ _______ _______ coulomb___________________ _
statfarad______ _________________________ farad_______________________ _
stathcnry_______________________________ hcnry ______________________ _
statmho mho_________ _____________ ___________ ~______________________ ~
~tatohm _______________________________ _ ohnl ______________________ _
statute milc (U.S.) _____________________ _ metcr_____________________ _
statvolt___________ ____________________ _ voU________________________ _
sterc________________________ _ metcr3----- ________________ -­
stUb____ ________________ _ candcla/meter'___________ ___
stoke_______________________ _ metcr2/second _______________ _
tablcspoon _____________________________ _ mctcr3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -­
tcaspoon_______________________________ _ nlctctJ__________________ ___ _
ton ____________________________ _ kilogram___________________ _(as~ay)
ton (long) ______________________________ _ kilogram __________________ _
ton (metric) ____________________________ _ kilogram__________________ _
joule______________________ _ton (nuclcar equivalcnt of TNT) __________ _
ton (register) __________________________ _ mcter3_______________ _____ _
ton (short, 2000 pound) _________________ _ kilogram ___________________ _
tonnc__________________________________ _ kilogram___________________ _
torr (0° C) _____________________________ _ newton/meter'_______ ~ ______ _
township________________________________ metcr'_____________________ _
unit pole_____________'__________________ _ weber______________________ _
volt________________________ _volt (international of 1948)_______________ _
watt_______________________ _watt (international of 1948) ______________ _
yard___________________________________ _ meter______________________ _
year (calendar) _________________________ _ second (mean solar)__________ _
year (sidereal) __________________________ _ second (mcan solar}__________ _
year (tropical)_ ___ ___ __ ______ ____ ______ _ second (mean solar)____ - _____ _
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day 0, hour 12. __ _ second (cphemeris) __________ _
second_____________________ _
year 1900, tropical, Jan., da.y 0, hour 12___ _
LISTING BY PHYSICAL QU-ANTITY
ACCELERATlON
foot/second! ___________ __________________ mcter/second2 ______________ _
frce fall, standard_______________________~- meter/second' _______________ _
gal (galileo)_ ___ ____ __ ____ ____ _____ ___ ___ meter/second'______________ _
inch/second2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ meter/second'________-_______ _
AREA
acre____________________________________ rneter2_____________________ _
are_____________________________________ rnetcr2_____________________ _
barn_____________ ~______________________ mctcra_________ ~ __________ _
circular mil..__ ___________________________ mcter._____________________ _
' ..
multiply by
-01 9.972 6957
+06 2.589988 110336*
-03 1~295 9782*
-08 1.00
+02 1.097'28*
+ 01 1.459 39029
-01 2.286*
,-10 3.335 640
10 3.335640
- 12 1.112 650
+ 11 8.987 554
-12 1.112 650
+ 11 8.987 554
+ 03 1.609 344*
+02 2.997925
+00 1.00*
+04 1.00
-04 1.00*
-01) 1.478 676 478 125*
06 ·1.02R 921 :'93 75*
-02 2.916 666 6
+ 03 1.016 046908 8*
+03 1.00*
+09 4.20
+00 2.831 684 659 2*
+ 02 9.071 847 4*
+03 1.00*
+02 1.33322
+07 9.3239572
-07 1.256637
+00 1.000330
+ 00 1.000 165
-01 9.144*
+07 3.1536*
+07 3.155 815 0
+07 3.155 692 6
+07' 3.155 692 597 47*
+ 07 3.155 692 597 47
-01 3.048*
+00 9.80665*
"'- 02 1.O(}*
-02 2.54*
+03 4.046 856 422 4*
+02 1.00*
-28 1.00*
-10 5.0670748
13

15. To convert from to
fooV __________________________________ _ meter2_____________________ _
hectare________________________________ _ meter2_____________________ _
inch2
__________________________________ _ meter2_____________________ _
mile2 (U.S. statute) ____________________ _ meter2_____________________ _
section_________________________________ _ metcr:!_____________________ _
township______________________________ _ meter2_____________________ _
yard __________________________________ _ mcter2_____________________ _2
DENSITY
grnm/centimctetl___ __ _________ __ ________ _ kilogram/meter____________ _
Ibm/inch3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kilogram/meter3 _____________ _
Ibm/foot3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kilogram/meter3_____________ _
slug/fooV_______________________________ kilogram/meter3_____________ _
ENERGY
joule__________________ _British thermal unit (ISO/TC 12) _________ _
British t.hermal unit (International Steam
Table}______________________ •_______ _ jOltle_______________________ _
British thermal unit (moan) ______________ _ joulc_______________________ _
joulc_______________________ _British t.hermal unit (thermochemical) _____ _
joulc_______________________ _'British thermal unit {39° F} ______________ _
joulc_______________________ _British thermnl unit (600 F) ______________ _
joulc_______________________ _caloric (International Steam Table) ________ _
calorie (mean) __________________________ _ joulo_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _calorie (thermochemical) _________________ _
calorie (150 C) ________.__________________ _ joule_______________________ _
calorie (200 C) __________________________ _ joulc_______________________ _
joule_______________________ _calorie (kilogram, Internntional Steam,Table) _ joulc_______________________ _calorie (kilogram, menn) _________________ _
joule_______________________ _calorie (kilogram, thermochemical) ________ _
electron volt______________ ,;. _____________ _ joule_______________________ _
erg____________________________________ _ joule_______________________ _
footlbf ____________________________ ___ _
~
joulc___________________ ___ _
foot poundaL__________________________ _ joule_______________________ _
ioule_______________________ _
joule (international of 19(8) _____ ---------­
Joule. ______________________ _kilocalorie (International Steam Table). ___ _
joulc_______________________ _kilocalorie (mean) _______________________ _
joule_______________________ _kilocalorie (t.hermochemical)______________ _
kilowatt hour_____'______________________ _ joule_______________________ _
joule.______________________ _kilowatt bour (intcrnational of 19(8)__- ___ _
joulc_______________________ _ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT) __________ _
watt hour_____________._________________ _ joule_______________________ _
.ENERGY/AREA TIME
Btu (thermochemical)/foot2 second____ ____ __ watt/metel" ____: ____________ _
Btu (thermocliemical)jfoot2 minute____ ____ __ watt/meter'_________________ _
Btu (thermochemical)jfoot2 hour___ ___ ______ watt/meter'_________________ _
Btu (thermochcmical)/inch2 second____ __ ____ watt/meter'. ________________ _
caloric (thcrmochemical)/cm2 minute__ _____ _ watt/meter'________________ _
erg/centimeter2 second__ ._ _________ _____ ___ watt/meter4_________________ _
watt/centimetel"____ ______________________ watt/meter4____________ ~ •• __ _
FORCE
dyne____________________________________ newton_____________________ _
kilogram force (kgO _______________________ p...ewton_____________________ _
multiply by
- 02 9.290 304*
+04 1.00*
-04 6.4516*
+06 2.589 988 110336*
+ 06 2.589 988 110 336*
+ 07 9.323 957 2
- 01 8.361 273 6*
+03 1.00*
+ 04 2.767 990 5
+ 01 1.601 8463
+02 5.153 79
+03 1.05506
+03 1.055 04
+03 1.O!l5 87
+ 03 1.054 350 264 488
+03 1.05967
+03 1.05468
'+00 4.1868
+00 4.19002
+00 4.184*
+00 4.185 80
+00 4.181 90
+03 4.1868
+03 4.19002
+03 4.184*
-19 1.602 10
-07 1.00·
+00 1.355 8179
-02 4.214011 0
+00 1.000 165
+03" 4.1868
+03 4.19002
+03 4.184*
+06 3.60*
+06 3.60059
+09 4.20
+03 3.60*
+04 1.134893 1
+02 1.891 488 5
+00 3.152 4808
+06 1.6342462
+02 6.973' 333 3
-03 1.00*
+04 1.00*
-05 1.00*
+00 9.80665*
14

16. To convert from
kilopond force_ _ __________________ ____ _
kip_____________________________________ _
lbf (pound force, avoirdupois) _____________ _
ounce force (avoirdupois) _________________ _
pound force, lbf (avoirdupois) _____________ _
poundal_________________________________ _
angstrom_______________________________ _
astronomical uniL _______________________ _
cable___________________________________ _
caliber__________________________________ _
chain (surveyor or gunter) ________________ _
chain (engineer or ramden)________________ _
cubit_________ ~ _________________________ _
fathom _____________________,____________ _
fermi (femtometer)___________ .: __________ _
foot _________________________________ _
foot (U.S. survey}______________________ ._
foot (U.S. survey)________________________ _
furlong_________________________________ _
hand__________________________________ _
inch____________________________________ _
league (U.K. nantical) ____________________ _
league (international nautical) _____________ _
league (statute}__________________ .,. _______ _
Iight year______ ________________________ _
link (engineer or ramden} _________________ _
link (surveyor or gunter}__________________ _
meter__________________________________ _
micron__________________________________ _
mil____________________________________ _
mile (U.S. statute} _______________________ _
mile (U.K. nautical} ______________________ _
mile (international nautical)_______________ _
mile (U.S. nautical) ______________________ _
nautical mile (U.K.)______________________ _
nautical mile (international) _______________ _
nautical mile (U.S.) ______________________ _
pace____________________________________ _
parsec__________________________________ _
perch___________________________________ _
pica (printers) _______________ ___________ _
point (printers) __________________________ _
pole__________________________________ _
rod___________________ _________________ _~
skein________ _________________________ _
,span____________________________________ _
statute mile (U.S.) _______________________ _
yard_____________________ ~ ______________ _
carat (metric) ___________________________ _
dram (avoirdl.lpois) _______________________ _
dram (troy or apothecary) ___ ____________ _
grain____________________________________ _
gram___________________________________ _
to
newton________ _
newtou____________________ _
newton___________ - ______ - - -­
ncvton_________________ ~---
newton_____________________ _
newton_____________________ _
LENGTH
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
nleter________ _____________ _~
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter_____________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter____________----------­
lueter_____________________ _
Ineter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter____________________'__ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
wavelengths Kr 86___________ _
meter______________________ _
meter_____________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
zneter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter__ _-__________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter_____________________ _
meter____________________ _
meter______________________ _
MASS
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ :..
kilogram ___________________ _
kilogram__________________ _
kijograrn___________________ _
multiply by
+ 00 9.806 65*
+03 4.448221 615260 5* .
+00 4.448 221 615 260 5*
-01 2.780 1385
+ 00 4.448 221 615 260 5*
- 01 1.382 549 543 76*
-10 1.00*
+ 11 1.495 978 9
+02 2.194 56*
-04 2.54*
+01 2.011 68*
+01 3.048*
-01 4.572*
+00 1.8288*
-15 1.00*
-01 3.048*
+00 1200/3937*
- 01 3.048 006 096
+02 2.011 68*
-01 1.016*
-02 2.54*
+ 03 5.559 .,52*
+03 5.556*
+03 4.828032*
+15 9.46055
-01 3.048*
-01 2.011 68*
+06 1.650763 73*
-06 1.00*
-05 2.54*
+03 1.609344*
+ 03 1.853 184*
+03 1.852*
+03 1.852*
+ 03 1.853 184*
+03 1.852*
+03 1.852*
-01 7.62*
+16 3.08374
+00 5.0292*
-03 4.217 517 6*
-04 3.514 598*
+00 5.0292*
+00 5.0292*
+ 02 1.097 28*
-01 2.286*
+03 1.609 344*
-01 9.144*
-04 2.00*
-03 1.771 845 195 312 S*
- 03 3.887 934 6*
-m, 6.479 891*
-03 1.00*
15

17. To convert from
hundredweight (long) ____________________ _
hundredweight (short) _. ____ . ____________ _
kgf second2 meter (mass) _________________ _
kilogram mass _________________ . _________ _
Ibm (pound mass, Iwoirdupois) ____________ _
ounce mass (avoirdupois) _________________ _
. ounce mass (troy or apothecary) ___________ _
pennyweight. _____________ _____________ _
pound mass, Ibm (avoirdupois) _______ .. ____ _
pound mass (troy or apothecary) ___________ _
scruple (apothecary)______________________ _
slug____________________________________ _
ton (assay) ______________________________ _
ton (long) __ _________ ___________________ _
ton (metric) _________________ .- ________ _
ton (short, 2000 pound) ___________________ _
tonne__________________________________ _
Btu (thermochcmical)/second____________ __
Btu (thermochemical)/minutc_____________ _
calorie (thcrmochcmical)/sccond____._______ _
.caloric (thcrmochcmical)/minutc____ .;. ______ _
foot IM/hoHr____________________________ _
foot Ibf/minutc__________________________ _
foot lbf/sccond__________________________ _
horsepower (550 foot Ibf/second) ___________ _
horsepower (boiler) _______________________ _
horsepower (electric) _____________________ _
horsepowcr (metric) ______________________ _
horsepower (U.K.) ______________________ _
horsepower (water) _______________________ _
kilocalorie (thermochcmieal)/minntc________ _
kilocaloric·(thermochemical)/second________ _
watt (international of 1948) _____ • _. __ • _. __ _
atmosphere_____ _______ ________ ____ _______
bar______________________________________
barye_.;,__________________________________
centimeter of mcrcury (0° C) _____"__________
centimeter of water (4° C) _________________
dyne/centimeter'__ ____ ________ ____________
foot of water (39.2° F) _____________________
inch of mercury (32° F)____________________
inch of mercury (60° F) ___ _________________
inch of water (39.2° F)--'-----------------­
Inch of water (60° F)---------------------­
: kgf/centimeterl _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ ____ _ __ _ _ _
kgf/meterl____ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ __ _____ __ ____ _
lbf/footl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
lbf/inch· (pan-------____ ___ ___ ___ ____ __ ___
millibar__________________________________
millimeter of mercury (00 C)___________ ___
pascal. __ ______________ __ ____ ___ _______ __
psi (lbf/inchl )___ __ _ ____ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _
torr (0° C) ________ • _______________ -: ______
to
kilogram. __________ __ ____ _
kilogram ___________ ___ - - __ _
kilogrnm ___________ •• _____ _
kilogram_ • _____ . ____ . _____ -_
kilogram ____ . _____ . _______ ­
kilogram. __________________ _
kilogram ___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram_ ____________ _____ _
kilogram _____________ _____ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram _________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
kilogram___________________ _
POWER
watt _________________ _
watt_______________ ~ _______ _
watt_______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
·watt_______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
watt______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
'vatt________________ , ______ _
watt_______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
watt______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
watt_______________________ _
watt______________________ _
PRESSURE
newton/meter2_______________ _
newton/meter· ______________ _
newton/meter'_______________ _
newton/meterl _______________ _
newton/meter! ______________ _
newton/meter'_______________ _
newton/meterl _______________ _
newton/meter________________ _
newton/meterl . ______________ _
newton/meter!.______________ _
newton/meterS_- _____________ _
newton/meterl _____________ --­
newton/meterl ._.________,_____ _
newton/meter!_______________ _
newton/meter'__ - ____________ _
newtonlmeter2_______________ _
newton/metcr!.______________ _
newton/meterl _______________ _
newton/meter!_______________ _
newton/meter!.______________ _
multiply by
+01 5.080234 544*
+ 01 4.535 923 7*
+00 9.80665*
+00 1.00*
- 01 4.535 923 7*
- 02 2.834 952 312 5*
-02 3.11034768*
-03 1.555 173 84*
- 01 4.535 923 7*
-01 3.732 417 216*
-03 1.295 978 2*
+01 1.459 390 29
-022.9166666
+03 1.016 0469088*
+03 1.00*
+029.071 847 4*
+03 1.00*
+03 1.054350264488
+ 01 1.7!}7 250 4
+00 4.184*
- 02 6.973 333 3
- 04 3.766 161 0
- 02 2.259 696 6
+00 1.355 817 9
+02 7.4569987
+03 9.80950
+02 7.46*
+02 7.3.54 99
+02 7.457
+02 7.46043
+01 6.973 333 3
+03 4.184*
+00 1.000 165
+05 1.013 25*
+05 1.00*
-01 1.00*
+03 1.333 22
+01 9.80638
-01 1.00*
+03 2.9S898
+ 03 3.386 389
+03 3.37685
+02 2.49082
+02 2.4884
+ 04 9.806 65*
+ 00 9.806 65*
+01 4.788 025 8
+ 03 6,894 757 2
+02 1.00*
+ 02 1.333 224
+00 1.00*
+ 03 6.894 757 2
+02 1.33322
16

18. To convert from
foot/hour ______________________________ _
foot/minute ____________________________ _
foot/&econd_____________________________ _
inch/second ____________________________ _
kilometer/hour__________________________ _
knot (international) _____________________ _
mile/hour (U.S. statute) _________________ _
mile/minute (U.S. statute) _______________ _
mile/second (U.S. statute) _.______________ _
Ce~ius ________________________________ _
Fahrenheit_____________________________ _
Fahrenheit__________________________ _
Itankine______________________________ _
day (mean solar)_______________________ __
day (sidereal)____________________________
hour (mean ~ohl.r)---.------------------ __
hour (sidereal) __ ____ _____ _______________
minute (mean solar)____ _________________
minute (sidereal)_____ _____ ____ ______ __ ___
month (mean calendar) ____ _______________
second (ephemeris) ______ •________:.. _______
second (mean solar) _______ __ __________ ___
second (sidereal)------------------------­
year (calendar) ___________ _____ ___ _____ __
year (sidereal) ______ __ ____ __________ __ ___
year (tropical)_________________________ __
year 1900, tropical, Jan., day 0, hour 12_ ___
year 1900, tropical, Jan., da.y 0, hour 12_ ___
centistoke__ ______ ____ ______ __ _____ ____ __
stoke___________________________________
footf/second_ ___ ___ ___ _____ ____ ____ ____ __
centipoise•• _____________________________
Ibm/foot second____ __ ___ ______________ ___
lbf second/footS------ .. -------- __________
poise_ _______ __________________________
poundal second/footS_____ •_____ _________
slug/foot second__________________________
rhe___ __ ___ __ ____ ______ ______ __ ___ ____ __
acre foot______ .;. _________________________
barrel (petroleum, 42 gallon&) _____________
boa.rd foot __________________________ •___
bushel (U.S.)___ __ ___________ ___ __ ____ __ _
cord____________________________________
to
SPEED
meter/second.________________ _
meter/second-.--- _______ - __ - -­
meter/second_____________ - ___ _
meter/second_________________ _
meter/second---- _____________ _
meter/second---- ________ - ____ _
meter/second_________________ _
meter/second----- ____________ _
meter/second.---- ____________ _
TEMPERATURE
kelvin _______________________ _
kelvin_ ___ ___________ _______ _
Ce~ius ______________________ _
kelvin _______________________ _
TIME
second (mean solar) ____: ______ _
second (mean solar)-----------­
second (mean solar)___________ _
second (mean solar) ___________ _
second (mean solar) ___________ _
second (mean sola.r) ___________ _
second (mean solar) ___________ _
&econd______________________ _
second (ephemeris) ___________ _
second (mean solar) __________ _
second (mean solar) ___________ _
second (mean solar)___________ ­
second (mean solar)-----------­
second (ephemeris) ___________ _
second_________________ • ____ _
VISCOSITY
meter2/second- ________________
rnete~/second-----------.-----
meters/second________________ _
newton second/meterS________ _
newton second/meterl _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
newton second/meter!------- __
newton second/meter2____ • ___ _
newton second/meterS___ _____ .:
newton second/meterS_____ ___ _
meterl/newton second__ •______ _
VOLUME
meter'______________________ _
meter'______________________ _
meter______________________ _
meter______________________ _
·~eter' _____________ . ________ _
multiply by
-05 8.466 666 6
-03 5.08*
-01 3~048*
-02 2..54*
-01 2.777 777 8
-01 5.144444444
-01 4.4704*
+ 01 2.682 24*
+03 1.609 344*
tK=tc+273.15
t1(= (.5/9) (tp +459.67)
tc= (5/9) (t p -32)
t1(= (5/9)tR
+04 8.64*
+ 04 8.6164090
+03 3.60*
+03 3.590 1704
+01 6.00*
+01 5.08:3 6174
+06 2.628*
+ 00 1.000 000 000
Consult American Ephemeris
and Nautical Almanac
-01 9.972 695 7
+07 3.1536*
+ 07 3.155 815 0
+07 3.155 692 6
+07 3.155 692 597 47*
+07 3.155 692 597.47
-06 1.00*
-04 1.00*
-02 9.290 304*
-03 1.00*
+00 l.4!gS 163 9
+01 4.iS8 025 8
-01 1.00*
+ 00 1.488 163 9
+01 4.7880258
+01 1.00*
+03 1.233481 9
-01 1.589873
-03 2.359 737 216*
-02 3.523 907 016 688*
+00 3.624 556 3.
17

19. To convert from to multiply by
eup ________________________ ___________ mcter3 ______________________ _
- 04 2.365 882 365*
dram (U.S. fluid). ______________________ mctcrJ ______________________ _ -06 3.696 691 195 312 5*
fluid ounce (U.S.) _______________ .__ ___ ___ mcter3____________ ~ _____ - ___ _ -05 2.957 35295625*
foot3___________.___ __ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ __ ____ meter3 ______________________ _ -02 2.831 684 659 2*
gallon (U.K. liquid) ______________________ meter3 _________________ - ____ _ - 03 4.546 087
gallon (U.S. dry) _______________ . ____ ____ _ meter3 ______________________ _ -03 4.404 883 77086*
gallon (U.S. liquid) ______________________ mcter3 ______________________ _ -03 3.785411 784*
. gill (U.K.) ______________________________ meter3______________________ _
-04 1.420652
gill (U.S.)___ ___________ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ meter3______________________ _
-04 1.182941 2
hogshead (U.S.) _________________________ meter_______ . ____________ .. __ - 01 2.384 809 423 92*
inch3 • '•• _____________________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ metcr3______________________ _
-05 1.6387064*
liter____________________________________ mcter3 ____________ .. _________ _
-03 1.00*
ounce (U.S. fluid) __ . ____________ .. ______ .,. _ meter3 ______________________ _ -05 2.957 35295625*
peek (U.S.) ___ . _________________________ metcr3_____ • ________________ _
-03 8.809 767 541 72*
pint (U.S. dry) __________________________ metcr-t ______________________ _ -04 5.506 104 713 575*
pint (U.S. liquid) _____ ___________________ meter3 ______________________ _ -04 4.731 764 73~
quart (U.S. dry) __ ____ _________ ___ ___ ____ metera ______________________ _ -03 1.101 220942 715*
quart (U.S. liquid) _______________________ mcter3 ~ _____________________ _ -04 9.463529 5
&tcrc___________________________________ mcter3 ____ • _________________ _ +00 1.00*tablespoon ______________________________ mctcr3 ______________________ _
-05 1.478676 478 1~5*
teaspoon________________________________ meter3 ______________________ _
- 06 4.928 921 593 75*
ton (register) _________________ .;, _ ________ ______________________ __ mete~
+ 00 2.831 684 659 2*yard ___________________________________ meter______________________ _3 -01 7.645 548 57{} 84*
' ..
18

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
JUDSON, L. V.: Units of Weight and Measurc. NBS
Misc. Pub!. 233, U.S. Dept. Com., Dec. 20, 1960.
JUDSON, L. V.: Weights and Measures Standards of the
United States, a Brief History. NBS Misc. Pub!.
247, U.S. Dept. Com., Oct. 1963.
MECHTLY, E. A.: The International System of Units,
Physical Constants, and Conversion Factors. NASA
SP-7012, fourth printing,. Sept. 1966.
MOREAU, H.: The Twelfth General Conference of
Weights and Measures. Metrologia, vol. 1, no. 1,
Jan. 1965, p. 27.
TAYLOR, B. N.; W. H. PARKER; ANDD. N. LANGEN­
berg: Determination of elh, Using Macroscopic
Quantum Phase Coherence in Superconductors:
Implications for Quantum Electrodynamics and the
Fundamental Physical Constants, Reviews of Mod­
em Physics, vol. 41, no. 3, July 1969, pp. 375--496.
TERRIEN, J.: Scientific Metrology on the International
Plane and the Bureau International des Poids et
Mesuree. Metrologia, vol. I, no. I, Jan. 1965, p. 15.
....
TERRIEN, J.: News From the International Bureau of
Weights and' Measures. Metrologia, vol. 4, no. 1,
Jan. 1968, p. 41.
ANON.: Definitions of Basic 81 Units. Mctrologia, voL
4, no. 3, 1968, p. 147.
ANON.: Corrigendum Notice. Metrologia, vol. 5, no. 1,
Jan. 1969, p. 33.
ANON.: Proces-Verhaux Coroite International des Poids
et Mesures. Gauthier-Villars & Cie (Paris), Oct. 29,
1946.
ANON.: NBS Handbook 102 (A8TM Metric Practice
Guide), Mar. 10, 1967, p. 42.
ANON.: Units and Systems of Weights and Measures.
Their Origin, Development, and Present Status.
NBS Letter Cire. LC 1035, Jan. 1960.
ANON.: NBS Intcrpret.!'I Policy on ST Units. NBS Tech.
New~ Bull., vol. !l2, no. 6, JU11e 1968, p. 121.
ANON.; ComptcA Rcndus des Smnces de Ill. Onziemc
Conference Generale dc~ Poids ct Mesurcs. Gauthier­
Villars & Cie (Paris), 1960. (Ava.ilable as NASA TT
F-217.) .
'J.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1970 0--354-825
19