This document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) through a series of lessons:
1. The history and purpose of CSS is discussed, noting that it was proposed in 1994 to help solve formatting problems in HTML.
2. CSS syntax and structure are explained, including selectors, properties and values, declarations, and declaration blocks. Examples are provided of how CSS can be used to style HTML elements.
3. Additional CSS selectors like classes and IDs are covered, along with creating comments in CSS. Students are assigned to create basic CSS pages demonstrating these concepts.
4. Methods for applying CSS styles are reviewed, including inline, internal, and external styling. Best practices
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this presentation covers the following topics which are as follows
1. Introduction of css
2. History of css
3. Types of css styling
4. Css syntax
5. Css Selector
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This PPT is an introduction to PPT about HTML and CSS.
With the help of this powerpoint, people will get know about HTML and CSS. The functionality of the same
Introduction to web design discussing which languages is used for website des...Aditya Dwivedi
This PPT on web design gives you a brief introduction to web design discussing which languages is used for website designing
This PPT covers the following topics:
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• Languages for web design
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• Html elements
• Tables in HTML
• Html forms
• Tags of HTML
• Introduction to CSS
• CSS (Cascading Stylesheet)
• Types of stylesheet
• CSS selectors
• CSS background property
• CSS images
• CSS links
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MAAN Software Inc. is a leading software firm generating its services since a long time in the domain of digital solution. It has successfully managed to aid hundreds of entrepreneurs and small businessmen to launch their endeavors and turn them into successful digital units.
this presentation covers the following topics which are as follows
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4. Css syntax
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1. Introduction
To CSS
by: Alexandra Vlachakis
Sandy Creek High School, Fayette County Schools
Content and Resources Used With Permission:
Interact With Web Standards. Copyright 2010. Erin Anderson et. Al.
W3 Schools. www.w3schools.com. 12-25-11.
2. HTML Review
► What
is HTML used for?
► Give some examples of formatting tags in
HTML?
► HTML is the most widely used language on the
Web
► In today’s lesson we will be discussing the
second most widely used language on the web
► Does anyone know the name of the second most
widely used language?
3. Lesson 1: History of CSS
► CSS
was proposed in 1994 as a web styling
language. To helps solve some of the
problems HTML 4.
► There were other styling languages
proposed at this time, such as Style Sheets
for HTML and JSSS but CSS won.
► CSS2 became the recommendation in 1998
by W3C
► CSS3 was started in 1998 but it has never
been completed. Some parts are still being
developed and some components work on
some browsers.
4. Lesson 1: What is CSS?
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
• Styles - define how to display HTML elements
• Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
Definition:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) – is a rule based
language that applies styling to your HTML elements.
You write CSS rules in elements, and modify properties
of those elements such as color, background color,
width, border thickness, font size, etc.
5. Lesson 1: Examples of
CSS
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Example 1: http://www.csszengarden.com/
Example 2: http://w3schools.com/css/demo_default.htm
If you notice each time we click on a different CSS style sheet on the
two pages above the look and feel of each page changes dramatically
but the content stays the same.
HTML did not offer us this option.
HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.
HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML
3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers.
Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information
were added to every single page, became a long and expensive
process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created
CSS.
6. HTML Formatting Review
► What are the starting tags in HTML?
► What are the ending tags in HTML?
► How do you save in a Notepad document so it
becomes a web page?
► What is the tag for creating paragraphs in
HTML?
► What is the tag for creating heading tags in
HTML?
► What are the tags we use to format font: family,
color, size, alignment in HTML?
7. Lesson 2: Syntax oF CSS
The CSS syntax is made up of 5 parts:
selector
property/value
declaration
declaration block
curly braces
We will explore each part in the next slides.
8. Selector
Definition: identifies the HTML elements that the
rule will be applied to, identified by the actual
element name, e.g. <body>, or by other means
such as class attribute values.
Example:
*The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style
9. Property & Value
Definition: The property is the style attribute you
want to change. Each property has a value.
*Properties are separated from their respective values by
colons :
*Pairs are separated from each other by semicolons ;
10. Declaration
Definition: Each CSS line that includes property
and value
*Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
12. Curly Braces
Definition: the curly braces contain the
properties of the element you want to
manipulate, and the values that you want to
change them to. The curly braces plus their
content is called a declaration block.
Example:
13. Lesson 2 Assignment:
Let’s Create Our First CSS Page
►
►
Open Notepad
Type the following Code
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p {color:red; text-align:center;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is styled with CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>
►
►Instructor Note: You can
demonstrate how to do this by
using the example given on the
W3schools site. Also as you are
creating this file point out to
students where they will find the
different syntax found in CSS.
►After creating the file have
students manipulate the color and
alignment values.
Save Your File as css-myfirstpage.html into a new folder called CSS
14.
Lesson 3: Class and id
Selectors
In addition to setting a style for a HTML element, CSS allows
you to specify your own selectors called "id" and "class".
id - The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique
element.
The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element,
and is defined with a "#".
The style rule below will be applied to the element with
id="para1":
#para1 {text-align:center;color:red;}
15. Lesson 3: Class and id
Selectors
Class - The class selector is used to specify a style for a group
of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most
often used on several elements.
This allows you to set a particular style for any HTML
elements with the same class.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is
defined with a "."
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center"
will be center-aligned:
.center {text-align:center;}
16.
Lesson 3: Class and id
Selectors
In the image below what is the h1 selector
an ID or a Class?
#
.
17. Lesson 3 Assignment:
Let’s Create A CSS Page that uses “id”
Open Notepad
► Type the following Code
►
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}
</style>
</head>
►Instructor Note: You can
demonstrate how to do this by
using the example given on the
W3schools site. Also as you are
creating this file point out to
students where they will find the
different syntax found in CSS
►After creating the file have
students manipulate the name of
the “id”
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is not affected by the style.</p>
</body>
</html>
►
Save Your File as css-id.html into a your folder called CSS.
18. Lesson 3 Assignment:
Let’s Create A CSS Page that uses “class”
Open Notepad
► Type the following Code
►
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
.center
{
text-align:center;
}
</style>
</head>
►Instructor Note: You can
demonstrate how to do this by
using the example given on the
W3schools site. Also as you are
creating this file point out to
students where they will find the
different syntax found in CSS
►After creating the file have
students manipulate the name of
the “class”
<body>
<h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p class="center">Center-aligned paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
►
Save Your File as css-class.html into a your folder called CSS.
19. Lesson 3 Comments
►
Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit
the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.
You add comments by enclosing them in
/* and */
►
►
Comments can span several lines, and the browser will ignore these lines.
►
Example:
/* This is a basic comment it will not appear on the page*/
/* starts the comment
*/ is the end of the comment
►
/*This is a comment*/
p{ text-align:center; color:black; font-family:arial;}
20. Lesson 3 Assignment:
Let’s Add A Comment
►
►
Open Your CSS-ID example in Notepad
Type the following Code right above the style you had written previously.
<html>
<head>
/*This is an example of how to use ID in a CSS web page*/
<style type="text/css">
#para1
{
text-align:center;
color:red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is not affected by the style.</p>
</body>
</html>
►
Save Your File as css-comment.html into a your folder called CSS.
21. Page
Lesson 4: How CSS is Applied to A Web
► CSS is applied to a web page using three
different methods:
Inline style
Internal style sheet
External style sheet
22. Lesson 4: How CSS is Applied to A Web
Page
► Inline CSS
► Applies styles directly to the elements by
adding declarations into the style
► For Example:
<p style=“color: red;”> This is a simple
paragraph and the inline style makes it
red.</p>
23. Lesson 4: How CSS is Applied to A Web
Page
Internal Style Sheet
► Applies styles to HTML by placing the CSS rules inside the tag
<style> inside the document tag <head>.
► For Example:
<head>
<title>my page</title>
<style type=“text/css”>
p{color:red}</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>this is a simple paragraph
</p>
</body>
►
24. Lesson 4: How CSS is Applied to A Web
Page
External CSS
► Applies styles as a separate file with a .css extension. The file is
then referenced from inside the <head> element by a link to the
file.
► For Example:
<head>
<title>my external style sheet page</title>
<link rel=“style sheet” type=“text/css” href=“my-externalstylesheet.css”>
<body>
<p>this is a simple paragraph</p>
</body>
► You can create an external style sheet in your text editor.
►
25. Lesson 4: How CSS is Applied to A Web
Page
What style sheet is best?
► Web developers rarely use inline CSS. Since they prefer
to not mix content with presentation. And it is not
efficient since you have to declare the style individually
for every component.
►
►
Internal and External style sheets are more popular
because you can style multiple elements with one rule.
►
External style sheets are best because they allow you to
save all the style information on a separate file from the
content. You can then modify a style for a site and it will
update all of the pages in a site.
26. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► CSS Colors
► In the previous lesson you have seen a few
CSS styles that included color like: <p
style=“color: red;”>
► There are a few ways that you can set
colors in CSS:
Keywords, Hex values, RGB, HSL(a)
27. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► CSS Colors: Keywords
► Using the keywords like: red, fuchsia, yellow,
blue, green you can specify what color you would
like the CSS rule to display.
► For example:
► p{color:red}
► h2{color:yellow}
► There are 17 of these keyword colors you can
use in CSS.
28. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
Keyword Color
Hex
aqua
#00ffff
black
#000000
blue
#0000ff
fuchsia
#ff00ff
gray
#808080
green
#008000
lime
#00ff00
maroon
#800000
navy
#000080
olive
#808000
orange (added in CSS 2.1)
#ffa500
purple
#800080
red
#ff0000
silver
#c0c0c0
teal
#008080
white
#ffffff
yellow
#ffff00
29. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► Computers are capable of displaying a lot more
than 17 colors.
► In fact they can display approximately 16.7
million colors!
► Hex Values (hex is short for hexadecimal) are
the most common way of specifying colors for
web pages. (see hex# in the previous chart)
► For example:
p{color: #000000;}
/*This is equivalent to the keyword black*/
30. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► Hex numbers - has 16 possible values
► 0 to 9 then A to F. Which gives you 16
values.
► RGB (Red Green Blue) has the possibility
of 256 colors for each (16x16)
► (R)256 x (G)256 x (B)256 = 16,777,216 or
16.7 million color values
► CSS example: h1{color: #000000;}
31. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► RGB (a) can also help specify colors in CSS
RGB stands for Red Green Blue
► You can specify RGB in either whole numbers or
percentages
► CSS example: h1{color: rgb(0,0,0) }
/*this color is equivalent to #000000 or black */
► You use numbers from 0 to 255 which covers the
256 color range.
► More examples can be found at:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colors.asp
32. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
RGB (a) can also help specify colors in CSS RGB
stands for Red Green Blue. The “a” stands for alpha but
we will learn about that in another lesson.
► You can specify RGB in either whole numbers or
percentages
► CSS example: h1{color: rgb(0,0,0) }
/*this color is equivalent to #000000 or black */
► You use numbers from 0 to 255 which covers the 256
color range.
► More examples can be found at:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colors.asp
►
33. Lesson 5: Colors and Formatting in CSS
► HSL (a) - Hue Saturation Lightness
► Similar to RGB but based on saturation and
lightness of a color
► The “a” stands for alpha but we will learn about
that in another lesson.
► CSS example: h1{color: hsl(0,100%,40%) }
► HSL accepts a number between 0 to 360 in value
► HSL also accepts percentage between 0-100%
34. Lesson 5 Assignment:
CSS Using Color
►
►
Open Your CSS-ID example in Notepad
Type the following Code right above the style you had written previously.
<html>
<body>
<p style="background-color:#FFF111">
Color set by using hex value
</p>
<p style="background-color:rgb(0,255,0);">
Color set by using rgb value
</p>
<p style="background-color:red">
Color set by using color name
</p>
►Instructor Note: You can
demonstrate how to do this by
using the example given on the
W3schools site. Also as you are
creating this file point out to
students the different syntax found
in CSS.
►After creating the file have
students manipulate the color
values to discover other color
combinations.
</body>
</html>
► Save Your File as css-color.html into your folder called CSS