Shouting Fire
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Charles Schenck was convicted under the Espionage Act for mailing leaflets urging resistance to the draft during WWI. He appealed to the Supreme Court claiming a First Amendment violation. The Court affirmed the conviction, with Justice Holmes introducing the "clear and present danger" test to determine if speech is not protected when it poses a substantive danger that Congress can prevent.
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![The Origin of “Shouting Fire” Schenck v. United States ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.polisci.berkeley.edu/courses/coursepages/Spring2007/PS157/reader/schenck.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenck_v._United_States](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/shouting-fire-24169/85/Shouting-Fire-1-320.jpg)
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The document provides guidance on writing the methodology section of a research paper. It lists the key elements that should be included in the methodology section: clearly identifying the research questions, describing the instrumentation (survey or interviews), describing the participants/subjects, describing how the data was collected (how surveys were conducted or interviews performed), and describing the types of questions asked in the survey. The document also provides examples of analyzing research papers to identify where in the methodology section each of these key elements is addressed.
Writing the introduction mla
This document provides guidance on writing introductions and thesis statements for essays. It discusses including a "hook" to grab the reader's attention in the introduction. It also explains that the introduction should provide brief background on the topic and end with the thesis statement. The document defines a thesis statement as a proposition that takes a position and can be debated. It distinguishes topics from thesis statements, stating that a thesis takes a specific position on the topic. The document also discusses organizing paragraphs with transitions and provides examples of different types of transitions.
Common errors in citations
This document provides guidance on properly citing sources in academic writing. It addresses common citation errors such as citing I-statements instead of research, dropping quotes without context, and failing to integrate quotations into paragraphs. The document demonstrates how to cite paraphrases, direct quotations from different source types (e.g. videos), and explains the purpose of citations for paraphrasing. It emphasizes introducing, integrating and explaining quotations and paraphrases in the text.
Letter to the editor
The document provides guidelines for writing and submitting letters to the editor of a local newspaper. It advises keeping letters short at 250 words or less, focusing on one main topic or point, and including your name, address, and phone number for verification. Writers are encouraged to reference a recent news story or article, ask for specific action from readers, and limit the number of points made. Submitting letters is a way to share opinions with the local community and influence elected officials. Editors may not publish all letters submitted. Sample letters from students are included for reference.
Fitshoes
This document contains information about the development of a new shoe design called "Fit". It lists names and identification numbers of five women who worked on the project: Pamela, Yoko, Audrey, Jenny, and Nancy. It then outlines details of the shoe, which allows the wearer to change between a flat sole and high heels without needing an extra pair of shoes. A worksheet is included that assigns the women different roles in creating an advertisement film for Fit, such as providing slogans, sketches, filming, and arranging a presentation.
Singuist 20140605 1
The document discusses different promotional methods for a product including advertising through television, newspapers, radio, magazines and online. It also discusses personal selling through salespeople and contests. Sales promotion techniques mentioned include short and long-term activities. Public relations efforts could include attending events, press releases, newsletters, blogging and social media. Direct marketing aims to build long-term customer relationships through sending cards and materials. The target market includes students and travelers but also businesses needing it for employees.
Common errors in writing references
This document lists common errors that occur when writing references in academic work. It identifies issues such as margins not being consistent, references not being in alphabetical order, incorrect spelling of author's names, not italicizing book titles, missing publication details, long web links, use of abbreviations, unclear retrieval dates and sources, and punctuation errors. The document provides examples of incorrect references and identifies areas for improvement.
Methodology, results, discussion general comments
This document provides commentary and suggestions for improving various sections of a research paper, including the methodology, results, discussion, and overall flow. Key points addressed include properly placing the research questions, avoiding simply restating results in the discussion, using statistics like ANOVA and chi-square to test relationships between variables, including tables and figures, avoiding over-generalization, and ensuring the discussion section synthesizes interpretations and explains the meaning and implications of the results.
Cronbach joanna-attitude-q7
This document discusses the reliability of an attitude scale based on Cronbach's alpha. It analyzes data from Joanna's survey on Q7 and was conducted by Aiden Yeh at Wenzao Ursuline University. The Cronbach's alpha for the scale was calculated to be 0.844, indicating good internal consistency among the items.
Sample cronbach analysis using kara
A Cronbach's alpha analysis was conducted on a sample of 110 participants to analyze the internal consistency of items measuring a living standards construct. The analysis found a Cronbach's alpha of 0.571, indicating low reliability. Examination of the Cronbach's alpha if items were deleted showed that one item, Japan111, had a very low corrected item-total correlation and could be removed. Even with its removal, the overall reliability of the scale would remain low. Low Cronbach's alpha can be due to factors such as a small number of items, poor interrelatedness between items, or measuring heterogeneous constructs. When alpha is low, items with low inter-correlations should be revised or removed.
Why we run cronbach’s alpha
Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, which is used to determine if the items in a survey or questionnaire reliably measure the same concept. It ranges from 0 to 1, with higher numbers indicating greater reliability. An acceptable alpha is between 0.7-0.95. Cronbach's alpha measures how well items correlate with each other and with the total test. It is reported along with the mean to indicate the reliability of a scale. The reliability statistics table in SPSS shows the actual alpha value and whether removing any items would increase or decrease the value.
Correlation satisfaction-loyalty
This document discusses correlation analysis and provides instructions on how to perform bivariate correlation in a statistics program. It analyzes the correlation between two variables, satisfaction and loyalty, finding a negative correlation where increased satisfaction is linked to decreased loyalty. It questions whether this negative correlation makes logical sense. The document also provides an example of correlating sales and fuel efficiency data and notes that crosstabulation may provide better results than correlation analysis alone.
Getting frequency data
This document provides instructions for obtaining frequency data in SPSS. It describes selecting 'Frequency' under 'Descriptive Statistics' and 'Analyze', then choosing demographic and Likert scale variables to output frequency counts, percentages, and descriptive statistics including mode, mean, standard deviation, and variance. The output is saved as a file showing the frequency and percentage results for the demographic and scale items.
Measurement scales
This document discusses different types of measurement scales used in research: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal scales involve categories with no intrinsic ordering, while ordinal scales involve ordered but non-quantified categories. Interval scales have equal intervals between points, and ratio scales have a true zero point, allowing ratios to be calculated. The type of scale used constrains the types of analysis that can be performed on the data. Questions can be designed to collect different types of data depending on the scale, from multiple choice to rankings to numerical values.
Photo press release with task
This document provides guidance and resources for writing a press release for an event at Wenzao Ursuline University. It includes examples of press releases and outlines the key elements that should be included such as the who, what, when, where, why and details. Students are tasked with writing a press release on any event in their department or at Wenzao, following the outlined format and elements, and presenting it visually in Word, PowerPoint or Publisher.
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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