Colonel Roberts provides testimony against the United Nations organization, arguing that:
1) The UN is a subversive organization that has illegally transferred vital powers of the US government, such as the powers to wage war and keep peace, to the UN in violation of the Constitution.
2) The UN Charter was adopted to overthrow the Constitution and coerce Americans into a socialist system.
3) The ongoing war in Vietnam is secretly a UN war conducted to serve UN purposes and increase its political power, not reduce the power of Communist enemies or increase US power.
4) Treaties like SEATO were formed under the UN Charter to provide regional arrangements for UN control over US military forces, as the Security Council
United States History regarding: "Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications. 2011 Document prepared for Members and Committees of Congress.
This amicus brief urges the court to reverse the district court's decision and allow the plaintiff's case to proceed. It argues that (1) international law is part of US law and should be applied by US courts; (2) international law prohibits aggression; and (3) acts of aggression in violation of international law can be addressed under the Alien Tort Statute. It further argues that (4) the Westfall Act should not be interpreted to provide immunity for the crime of aggression, as committing such a crime could not reasonably be considered within the scope of the defendants' employment. Granting immunity would foster a culture of impunity for international crimes.
George Washington was the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797. His cabinet included Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury, and Henry Knox as Secretary of War. Washington established important precedents such as the cabinet system and neutrality in foreign affairs. He warned against political parties and foreign entanglements in his farewell address.
The document discusses the creation of the US Constitution and government. It summarizes that the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to govern the new nation, so delegates met at the Constitutional Convention and drafted a new Constitution. It established a stronger federal government with three branches of power and a system of checks and balances. Contentious issues around representation and slavery were resolved through compromises to get all states to ratify. This established the foundation of the US democratic republic.
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict interpretation of the Constitution, they helped establish US territory and claims to the West.
This document is a telegram from the CIA to a CIA station providing a message to convey to a journalist regarding the situation in Guatemala in 1954. It seeks to counter distortions in foreign press coverage and portray the uprising against the Arbenz regime as a genuine Guatemalan revolt against a communist government with direct operational ties to Moscow, not a "banana republic fracas." It provides details to support this narrative, including that defections from the Guatemalan army and air force have greatly increased the rebel forces' size, and that claims of bombings by the Arbenz regime have been falsified. It stresses that communist control poses a serious threat if allowed to establish a foothold in Central America near the Panama Canal.
The document discusses the formation of the new United States government under the Articles of Confederation. It describes how the Articles of Confederation established the first national government, with Congress having limited powers and no executive or judicial branches. However, the national government faced several weaknesses as states retained most powers. This led to problems around taxation, currency, trade between states, and control over western territories. Events like Shays' Rebellion demonstrated the need for reforms to the national government structure.
The document contains a questionnaire about early American history and government. It includes questions about precedents, the president's cabinet, the electoral college, common jobs in 1790, US capitals, important rivers, the Appalachian Mountains, George Washington's cabinet members, the Democratic-Republican party, the first president and vice president, early economic problems and their solutions, interpretations of the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton's national bank proposal, Thomas Jefferson's opposition, George Washington's neutrality in European wars, the Jay Treaty, the Neutrality Proclamation, mentions of slavery in the Constitution, Washington's views on slavery, and the purpose of his farewell address.
United States History regarding: "Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications. 2011 Document prepared for Members and Committees of Congress.
This amicus brief urges the court to reverse the district court's decision and allow the plaintiff's case to proceed. It argues that (1) international law is part of US law and should be applied by US courts; (2) international law prohibits aggression; and (3) acts of aggression in violation of international law can be addressed under the Alien Tort Statute. It further argues that (4) the Westfall Act should not be interpreted to provide immunity for the crime of aggression, as committing such a crime could not reasonably be considered within the scope of the defendants' employment. Granting immunity would foster a culture of impunity for international crimes.
George Washington was the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797. His cabinet included Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury, and Henry Knox as Secretary of War. Washington established important precedents such as the cabinet system and neutrality in foreign affairs. He warned against political parties and foreign entanglements in his farewell address.
The document discusses the creation of the US Constitution and government. It summarizes that the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to govern the new nation, so delegates met at the Constitutional Convention and drafted a new Constitution. It established a stronger federal government with three branches of power and a system of checks and balances. Contentious issues around representation and slavery were resolved through compromises to get all states to ratify. This established the foundation of the US democratic republic.
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict interpretation of the Constitution, they helped establish US territory and claims to the West.
This document is a telegram from the CIA to a CIA station providing a message to convey to a journalist regarding the situation in Guatemala in 1954. It seeks to counter distortions in foreign press coverage and portray the uprising against the Arbenz regime as a genuine Guatemalan revolt against a communist government with direct operational ties to Moscow, not a "banana republic fracas." It provides details to support this narrative, including that defections from the Guatemalan army and air force have greatly increased the rebel forces' size, and that claims of bombings by the Arbenz regime have been falsified. It stresses that communist control poses a serious threat if allowed to establish a foothold in Central America near the Panama Canal.
The document discusses the formation of the new United States government under the Articles of Confederation. It describes how the Articles of Confederation established the first national government, with Congress having limited powers and no executive or judicial branches. However, the national government faced several weaknesses as states retained most powers. This led to problems around taxation, currency, trade between states, and control over western territories. Events like Shays' Rebellion demonstrated the need for reforms to the national government structure.
The document contains a questionnaire about early American history and government. It includes questions about precedents, the president's cabinet, the electoral college, common jobs in 1790, US capitals, important rivers, the Appalachian Mountains, George Washington's cabinet members, the Democratic-Republican party, the first president and vice president, early economic problems and their solutions, interpretations of the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton's national bank proposal, Thomas Jefferson's opposition, George Washington's neutrality in European wars, the Jay Treaty, the Neutrality Proclamation, mentions of slavery in the Constitution, Washington's views on slavery, and the purpose of his farewell address.
This telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency discusses Guatemala's foreign minister Guillermo Toriello's claims of aerial bombings in Guatemala City and elsewhere in the country. The CIA asserts that no such bombings have occurred according to its information. The telegram also discusses liberation forces entering Guatemala to participate in a nationwide revolt against communist influence, and the Guatemalan government continuing a reign of terror by arming farmers and indigenous groups. It suggests attribution of information in the telegram can be based on wire services or shortwave radio. The document is dated June 23, 1954.
This document is a telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency to the CIA station in Guatemala requesting clarification and additional documents related to the recent overthrow of the Guatemalan government. Specifically, it asks for confirmation of documents discovered, terms for US use of the materials, and an acceptable public source for the documents. It stresses the importance of any evidence linking the former Guatemalan regime or communist party to international communist groups like those in Moscow and Prague.
1. The document discusses the Mexican-American War between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 over the boundary between Texas and Mexico.
2. President Polk claimed the border was the Rio Grande River, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces River further north.
3. When U.S. troops were sent to the Rio Grande, Mexico sent its own troops, and clashes between American and Mexican troops led Polk to seek a declaration of war from Congress.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Final exam essayStephen Cheng
This document summarizes and analyzes a 1962 interview report by Bernard Fall with Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam. Some key points:
- Fall documented rapid industrialization and economic development in North Vietnam, contradicting claims it was a failure.
- Fall correctly quoted Ho Chi Minh saying North Vietnam would prevail over US-backed South Vietnam, which proved true when North Vietnam reunified the country in 1975.
- However, Fall incorrectly assumed North Vietnam wanted to control all of former French Indochina, when in reality its ambitions were focused on reunifying Vietnam.
- The document analyzes inaccuracies in Fall's views of North Vietnam's relationships with China and the Soviet Union,
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Second essayStephen Cheng
The document discusses the "Americanization" of the Vietnam War and the challenges the US faced in winning hearts and minds. As the war escalated, the US replaced South Vietnamese forces and fought a total war instead of a limited one. To justify this escalation, the US would need to engage in nation-building efforts in South Vietnam to strengthen the country and make US involvement temporary. However, winning hearts and minds also required addressing social issues and reforming policies like land distribution that the Viet Cong used to gain support. The US faced difficulties prioritizing social reforms over protecting the existing social order.
This document outlines a plan to sow distrust of Guatemala's government among the country's armed forces in the lead up to Operation PBSUCCESS. It proposes using propaganda via radio and newspapers to accuse the government of communism and suppressing freedoms. It also suggests spreading rumors that the military will be used for communist purposes or taken over by communist forces. The plan's goal is to provoke "first distrust and finally, open disaffection" against Guatemala's president among the military in the weeks leading up to the CIA-backed coup.
1. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) to revitalize the Soviet economy amid stagnation.
2. Gorbachev sought to reduce Cold War tensions and nuclear arms, signing treaties with the US that eliminated intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
3. Inspired by Gorbachev's reforms and tolerance of dissent, opposition groups in Eastern Europe demanded changes, leading to the election of the first non-communist government in Poland in 1989 and undermining Soviet control in the region.
This telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency discusses Guatemala's foreign minister Guillermo Toriello's claims of aerial bombings in Guatemala City and elsewhere in the country. The CIA asserts that no such bombings have occurred according to their information. The telegram also discusses liberation forces entering Guatemala to participate in a nationwide revolt against communist influence, and the Guatemalan government continuing a reign of terror, arming farmers and indigenous groups. It suggests attribution of these claims could come from wire services or shortwave radio.
While tensions remained during the Cold War, the 1960s saw some improvements in US-Soviet relations and arms control efforts. Key events included the Cuban Missile Crisis convincing both sides to pursue nuclear arms agreements; the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty restricting atmospheric and underground nuclear tests; and the 1972 SALT I treaty freezing the number of nuclear delivery systems both countries could possess. However, political disagreements and distrust continued to hamper full resolution of issues like Germany and influence in the developing world.
The War Council meeting discussed establishing a new organization for psychological warfare operations during peacetime to be run by an Assistant Secretary of State. It was agreed this would involve both white propaganda openly attributed to the US and black propaganda without attribution. The Director of Central Intelligence and a military representative would advise the Assistant Secretary of State. The Security Council would need to give the DCI legal authority to assist the State Department. However, there was confusion after the meeting about whether a new director would be appointed or an existing Assistant Secretary of State would take on the new responsibilities.
John Adams served as the second President of the United States during a turbulent time. His presidency was marked by tensions with France and the passage of controversial laws known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. The document also discusses key events like Jay's Treaty, the XYZ Affair, and Adams' role in negotiating peace with France in 1800 before leaving office.
This document summarizes key events and developments in global politics during the early Cold War period from 1949-1953. It discusses the Soviet Union's acquisition of nuclear weapons and the American response of increasing defense spending. It also describes efforts to establish a unified European military force through the proposed European Defense Community, as well as early economic integration through the European Coal and Steel Community. Finally, it notes that the first phase of the Cold War came to an end with the departures of Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman from power in 1953, leaving uncertainty about whether East-West relations might thaw under new leadership on both sides.
The document provides an overview of major events and issues during the Federalist Era in the early United States, from the ratification of the Constitution to the end of James Madison's presidency. It discusses the presidencies of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison, the development of political parties, conflicts between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, foreign policy challenges with Britain and France, and events of the War of 1812 under Madison.
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists from December 1814 to January 1815 to discuss their opposition to the War of 1812 and issues they had with the Madison administration. New England's economy had suffered greatly under the trade embargoes and from British blockades during the war. The convention proposed constitutional amendments to limit presidential power and require a supermajority for declarations of war, but their proposals gained no traction. The end of the war and news of American victories ultimately overshadowed the convention, leading to its failure and the decline of the Federalist party.
This memorandum from the Chief of the Western Hemisphere Division at the CIA reports on a major security breach related to Operation PBSUCCESS, the CIA's covert operation to depose the Guatemalan government. Messages containing cryptonyms and details of the operation were left behind in an apartment and obtained by unauthorized individuals, compromising security. The memorandum analyzes the potential impacts and exposures caused by the security breach. It also calls for further interrogation of the agent involved to investigate the incident.
This document summarizes the key events and organizations that emerged in post-WWII Europe and globally in response to tensions with the Soviet Union. It discusses the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies; the division of Germany and Europe along capitalist/communist lines; the Bretton Woods agreement establishing the IMF, World Bank and international monetary system; the founding of the UN; and the creation of NATO as a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression in Europe. These developments laid the foundations for the post-war global political and economic order.
US History Unit 2 Notes on The Civil Warguest74421367
The document discusses many of the key events and issues that led to the outbreak of the American Civil War. It outlines the divisive issues of slavery and states' rights that increased tensions between the North and South. It also summarizes several important compromises and crises over several decades that failed to resolve conflicts between free and slave states over the expansion of slavery into new territories. The document then provides an overview of the Civil War itself, including the sides that were chosen, preparations for war, major battles, the Emancipation Proclamation, African American involvement, and Lincoln's assassination.
Here are the key grievances from the Declaration of Independence and how they are addressed in the U.S. Constitution:
1. Independent judiciary - Judges have life tenure and their salaries cannot be reduced.
2. Checks on executive power - Congress can override a presidential veto.
3. Standing armies - Quartering of soldiers is regulated.
4. Right to trial by jury - Speedy and public trials are guaranteed.
5. Taxation with representation - Congress has power to levy taxes.
Ambassador Peurifoy met with US officials to discuss the deteriorating political situation in Guatemala. He reported that the Guatemalan government was becoming increasingly communist and authoritarian. Peurifoy believed economic sanctions would not stop the government's movement towards communism and that a coup may be necessary. He saw opportunities to exploit anti-government sentiment among students and others influenced by the Archbishop's recent letter. Peurifoy recommended sabotage operations and propaganda campaigns to further pressure the government and build support for removing it.
This document is a telegram from the CIA station in an undisclosed location to Operation PBSUCCESS headquarters in Florida discussing the success of Operation WASHTUB in Guatemala. While the press and diplomats initially accepted the story of a communist weapons cache being found, 70% of locals now doubt the story and think the cache was planted. The telegram suggests finding another cache in another country followed by a second in Guatemala would help consolidate the operation's credibility. It also discusses a request from a journalist for a photo negative related to the operation and the need to provide it to maintain the story.
This document is difficult to summarize as it contains mostly random characters and words that do not form coherent sentences. It mentions concepts like education, transportation, communications, and mobile law but does not convey any clear ideas or information.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the first session of the Special Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations. It includes the opening statement of Chairman Carroll Reece who outlined the purpose and scope of the committee's investigation. The committee adopted rules of procedure with a minor modification to refer to representation of both the majority and minority parties. The proceedings also included introduction of the resolution that created the committee and established its investigative authority.
This telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency discusses Guatemala's foreign minister Guillermo Toriello's claims of aerial bombings in Guatemala City and elsewhere in the country. The CIA asserts that no such bombings have occurred according to its information. The telegram also discusses liberation forces entering Guatemala to participate in a nationwide revolt against communist influence, and the Guatemalan government continuing a reign of terror by arming farmers and indigenous groups. It suggests attribution of information in the telegram can be based on wire services or shortwave radio. The document is dated June 23, 1954.
This document is a telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency to the CIA station in Guatemala requesting clarification and additional documents related to the recent overthrow of the Guatemalan government. Specifically, it asks for confirmation of documents discovered, terms for US use of the materials, and an acceptable public source for the documents. It stresses the importance of any evidence linking the former Guatemalan regime or communist party to international communist groups like those in Moscow and Prague.
1. The document discusses the Mexican-American War between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 over the boundary between Texas and Mexico.
2. President Polk claimed the border was the Rio Grande River, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces River further north.
3. When U.S. troops were sent to the Rio Grande, Mexico sent its own troops, and clashes between American and Mexican troops led Polk to seek a declaration of war from Congress.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Final exam essayStephen Cheng
This document summarizes and analyzes a 1962 interview report by Bernard Fall with Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam. Some key points:
- Fall documented rapid industrialization and economic development in North Vietnam, contradicting claims it was a failure.
- Fall correctly quoted Ho Chi Minh saying North Vietnam would prevail over US-backed South Vietnam, which proved true when North Vietnam reunified the country in 1975.
- However, Fall incorrectly assumed North Vietnam wanted to control all of former French Indochina, when in reality its ambitions were focused on reunifying Vietnam.
- The document analyzes inaccuracies in Fall's views of North Vietnam's relationships with China and the Soviet Union,
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Second essayStephen Cheng
The document discusses the "Americanization" of the Vietnam War and the challenges the US faced in winning hearts and minds. As the war escalated, the US replaced South Vietnamese forces and fought a total war instead of a limited one. To justify this escalation, the US would need to engage in nation-building efforts in South Vietnam to strengthen the country and make US involvement temporary. However, winning hearts and minds also required addressing social issues and reforming policies like land distribution that the Viet Cong used to gain support. The US faced difficulties prioritizing social reforms over protecting the existing social order.
This document outlines a plan to sow distrust of Guatemala's government among the country's armed forces in the lead up to Operation PBSUCCESS. It proposes using propaganda via radio and newspapers to accuse the government of communism and suppressing freedoms. It also suggests spreading rumors that the military will be used for communist purposes or taken over by communist forces. The plan's goal is to provoke "first distrust and finally, open disaffection" against Guatemala's president among the military in the weeks leading up to the CIA-backed coup.
1. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) to revitalize the Soviet economy amid stagnation.
2. Gorbachev sought to reduce Cold War tensions and nuclear arms, signing treaties with the US that eliminated intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
3. Inspired by Gorbachev's reforms and tolerance of dissent, opposition groups in Eastern Europe demanded changes, leading to the election of the first non-communist government in Poland in 1989 and undermining Soviet control in the region.
This telegram from the Central Intelligence Agency discusses Guatemala's foreign minister Guillermo Toriello's claims of aerial bombings in Guatemala City and elsewhere in the country. The CIA asserts that no such bombings have occurred according to their information. The telegram also discusses liberation forces entering Guatemala to participate in a nationwide revolt against communist influence, and the Guatemalan government continuing a reign of terror, arming farmers and indigenous groups. It suggests attribution of these claims could come from wire services or shortwave radio.
While tensions remained during the Cold War, the 1960s saw some improvements in US-Soviet relations and arms control efforts. Key events included the Cuban Missile Crisis convincing both sides to pursue nuclear arms agreements; the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty restricting atmospheric and underground nuclear tests; and the 1972 SALT I treaty freezing the number of nuclear delivery systems both countries could possess. However, political disagreements and distrust continued to hamper full resolution of issues like Germany and influence in the developing world.
The War Council meeting discussed establishing a new organization for psychological warfare operations during peacetime to be run by an Assistant Secretary of State. It was agreed this would involve both white propaganda openly attributed to the US and black propaganda without attribution. The Director of Central Intelligence and a military representative would advise the Assistant Secretary of State. The Security Council would need to give the DCI legal authority to assist the State Department. However, there was confusion after the meeting about whether a new director would be appointed or an existing Assistant Secretary of State would take on the new responsibilities.
John Adams served as the second President of the United States during a turbulent time. His presidency was marked by tensions with France and the passage of controversial laws known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. The document also discusses key events like Jay's Treaty, the XYZ Affair, and Adams' role in negotiating peace with France in 1800 before leaving office.
This document summarizes key events and developments in global politics during the early Cold War period from 1949-1953. It discusses the Soviet Union's acquisition of nuclear weapons and the American response of increasing defense spending. It also describes efforts to establish a unified European military force through the proposed European Defense Community, as well as early economic integration through the European Coal and Steel Community. Finally, it notes that the first phase of the Cold War came to an end with the departures of Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman from power in 1953, leaving uncertainty about whether East-West relations might thaw under new leadership on both sides.
The document provides an overview of major events and issues during the Federalist Era in the early United States, from the ratification of the Constitution to the end of James Madison's presidency. It discusses the presidencies of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison, the development of political parties, conflicts between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, foreign policy challenges with Britain and France, and events of the War of 1812 under Madison.
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists from December 1814 to January 1815 to discuss their opposition to the War of 1812 and issues they had with the Madison administration. New England's economy had suffered greatly under the trade embargoes and from British blockades during the war. The convention proposed constitutional amendments to limit presidential power and require a supermajority for declarations of war, but their proposals gained no traction. The end of the war and news of American victories ultimately overshadowed the convention, leading to its failure and the decline of the Federalist party.
This memorandum from the Chief of the Western Hemisphere Division at the CIA reports on a major security breach related to Operation PBSUCCESS, the CIA's covert operation to depose the Guatemalan government. Messages containing cryptonyms and details of the operation were left behind in an apartment and obtained by unauthorized individuals, compromising security. The memorandum analyzes the potential impacts and exposures caused by the security breach. It also calls for further interrogation of the agent involved to investigate the incident.
This document summarizes the key events and organizations that emerged in post-WWII Europe and globally in response to tensions with the Soviet Union. It discusses the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies; the division of Germany and Europe along capitalist/communist lines; the Bretton Woods agreement establishing the IMF, World Bank and international monetary system; the founding of the UN; and the creation of NATO as a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression in Europe. These developments laid the foundations for the post-war global political and economic order.
US History Unit 2 Notes on The Civil Warguest74421367
The document discusses many of the key events and issues that led to the outbreak of the American Civil War. It outlines the divisive issues of slavery and states' rights that increased tensions between the North and South. It also summarizes several important compromises and crises over several decades that failed to resolve conflicts between free and slave states over the expansion of slavery into new territories. The document then provides an overview of the Civil War itself, including the sides that were chosen, preparations for war, major battles, the Emancipation Proclamation, African American involvement, and Lincoln's assassination.
Here are the key grievances from the Declaration of Independence and how they are addressed in the U.S. Constitution:
1. Independent judiciary - Judges have life tenure and their salaries cannot be reduced.
2. Checks on executive power - Congress can override a presidential veto.
3. Standing armies - Quartering of soldiers is regulated.
4. Right to trial by jury - Speedy and public trials are guaranteed.
5. Taxation with representation - Congress has power to levy taxes.
Ambassador Peurifoy met with US officials to discuss the deteriorating political situation in Guatemala. He reported that the Guatemalan government was becoming increasingly communist and authoritarian. Peurifoy believed economic sanctions would not stop the government's movement towards communism and that a coup may be necessary. He saw opportunities to exploit anti-government sentiment among students and others influenced by the Archbishop's recent letter. Peurifoy recommended sabotage operations and propaganda campaigns to further pressure the government and build support for removing it.
This document is a telegram from the CIA station in an undisclosed location to Operation PBSUCCESS headquarters in Florida discussing the success of Operation WASHTUB in Guatemala. While the press and diplomats initially accepted the story of a communist weapons cache being found, 70% of locals now doubt the story and think the cache was planted. The telegram suggests finding another cache in another country followed by a second in Guatemala would help consolidate the operation's credibility. It also discusses a request from a journalist for a photo negative related to the operation and the need to provide it to maintain the story.
This document is difficult to summarize as it contains mostly random characters and words that do not form coherent sentences. It mentions concepts like education, transportation, communications, and mobile law but does not convey any clear ideas or information.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the first session of the Special Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations. It includes the opening statement of Chairman Carroll Reece who outlined the purpose and scope of the committee's investigation. The committee adopted rules of procedure with a minor modification to refer to representation of both the majority and minority parties. The proceedings also included introduction of the resolution that created the committee and established its investigative authority.
The conquest of_democracy-erminie_king_wright-ed_research_bureau-1960-42pgs-p...RareBooksnRecords
The document summarizes the findings of the National Education Association's Committee on Social-Economic Goals of America from 1931-1934. The committee, led by prominent progressive educators John Dewey and Willard Givens, sought to determine what kind of society America wanted and how to shape public opinion through education. The committee advocated for socialism and a planned economy, stating that education must be used to promote predetermined social and economic policies for a "new social order." Givens called for "drastic changes" including subjecting owners to social control and building a new social science curriculum focused on social orientation and improved social living over individual subjects.
Strategy and tactics_of_world_communism-us_gov_hearings-1954-331pgs-gov-comRareBooksnRecords
The document is the testimony of Professor Constantin Boldyreff before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws on May 18, 1954 regarding the strategy and tactics of world communism. In his testimony, Professor Boldyreff discusses:
1) Recent signs of growing revolutionary sentiment and resistance to the communist regime within Russia, including workers' strikes, unrest in labor camps, and student political organizations.
2) Ways in which the Kremlin regime works to counter this revolutionary threat, such as through intimidation of anti-communist groups like the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists and creating a climate of fear of foreign invasion.
3) Symptoms that
Strange case of_general_vasiliev-committee_to_restore_the_constitution-1996-6...RareBooksnRecords
This document discusses the threat posed to American sovereignty by the United Nations' ability to direct military forces. It notes that the UN Charter allows the Security Council to call on member nations to provide armed forces for UN-directed military actions. It describes how a Soviet general, Alexandre Vasiliev, helped develop plans for the UN to control member nations' militaries. Vasiliev later commanded Chinese forces during the Korean War, showing how the UN was used to advance Soviet interests through military force. The document argues this sets a dangerous precedent that undermines national control over each country's own armed forces and military planning.
This document provides an overview of the Educational Quality Assessment (EQA) Inventory given to 11th grade students in Pennsylvania. The EQA examines various non-academic domains including social habits, self-esteem, values, creativity, coping skills, and career planning. Test questions are designed to measure attitudes in these domains and how strongly students demonstrate behaviors related to responsible citizenship. Student responses are analyzed to provide information on how each school ranks relative to statewide averages and similar schools, as well as the proportion of students meeting minimum standards in various attitudes. The goal is to use this information to guide decision making around educational programs and policies at federal, state, and local levels.
This document summarizes the effects of a harsh winter on the Chesapeake Bay blue crab industry. It discusses how the extreme cold and ice killed off many early season crabs, leaving watermen and crab packers idle for weeks. While crab supplies are down 50% from previous years, prices have increased, especially in large cities. Some in the industry believe there will still be a good season overall if smaller, immature crabs reach legal size in coming weeks. However, the crab supply remains unpredictable, depending on the crabs' mysterious habits. The popularity of blue crabs continues to benefit watermen and the Maryland economy.
The communist program_for_world_government-gen_albert_c_wedemeyer_us_army-195...RareBooksnRecords
General Wedemeyer warned the committee that the Soviet Union is pursuing world domination through economic and psychological means rather than direct military conflict. If he were advising Soviet leaders, he would recommend continuing this strategy of gaining influence over other nations through aid while avoiding major war. While some incidents during the Cold War could have escalated into global conflict, the Soviets have shown no desire for full-scale war according to Wedemeyer. He expressed concern that the West is now too late to counter the Soviet timetable, but maintained optimism that a coordinated strategy utilizing all of America's strengths could still succeed against international communism.
The american jewish_committee-28th_report-1935-174pgs-relRareBooksnRecords
The document is the 28th annual report of the American Jewish Committee. It provides information on the organization's activities in 1935. The report discusses the Jewish situation in Germany and other parts of Europe and issues affecting Jews in the United States. It also lists the Committee's officers and executive committee members and provides financial information. The main topics covered are the rise of antisemitism in Germany, other areas of concern in Europe, domestic issues facing American Jews, and organizational matters of the Committee.
The bleeding of_america-herman_h_dinsmore-1974-126pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes how the United States deliberately transferred power and resources to the Soviet Union from FDR's presidency through providing materials, blueprints, documents, and diplomatic access during WWII. This massive aid formed the basis to consistently transfer power in a way that constructed the Soviet Union as an enemy to the US in the Atomic Age. While most Americans were unaware, some US policy aimed to build an enemy for balance of power, while others aimed to trade and make an enemy into a friend. The persistence of these efforts suggests the enemy outcome was more satisfactory to policymakers. The document discusses evidence that atomic bomb components may have been transferred from Los Alamos.
The bolshevik uniform-vladimir_lazarevski-1937-128pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The Russian monarchy was crumbling in early 1917 as the Russian army was disintegrating. The army sent in 1917 was of much poorer quality than the initial army in 1914, as the best troops had been sacrificed early in the war. The Russian army suffered tremendous hardships from a lack of munitions and equipment against a technologically superior German army. Russia attempted to replenish its forces but the hastily trained recruits could not replace experienced soldiers. As a result, the army sent in 1917 was much weaker than appearances suggested, contributing to the collapse of the monarchy.
Shaping your future_like_it_or_not-erica_carle-2005-10pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document is a letter encouraging the reader to carefully study an attached 11-page article titled "Shaping Your Future, Whether You Like It or Not". The letter writer believes the article provides a blueprint for how society has been led astray and will continue on the wrong path unless citizens become actively involved. The attached article is a two-part piece summarizing the ideas of Auguste Comte on how to shape the future through controlling education, public opinion, sexuality, the environment, and more in order to replace Christianity with a new religion and social system focused on worshipping humanity.
The american war_congress_and_zionism-reuben_fink-azoa-1919-224pgs-pol-relRareBooksnRecords
The document is a compilation of statements from members of the American War Congress regarding Zionism and the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It includes the Balfour Declaration and letters of support from the governments of Britain, France, Italy, Serbia, Greece, Holland, Siam, China and Japan. The Zionist Organization of America sent a letter to all members of Congress to gauge their support for the Zionist movement and potential Congressional action. The document provides responses received from Senators of various U.S. states expressing a range of views on the topic.
Strategy and tactics_of_the_proletarian_revolution-international_publishers-1...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview of Lenin's formulation of strategy and tactics for the proletarian revolution. It discusses how Bolshevik strategy and tactics developed into a science of leadership for the class struggle of the proletariat. The document contrasts Bolshevik strategy and tactics with the reformist leadership of the Second International. It analyzes key aspects of Bolshevik strategy, tactics, and leadership, including distinguishing between strategy and tactics, strategic and tactical leadership, the importance of slogans, and the Bolshevik attitude toward reforms.
The document is the transcript of a hearing before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. In his testimony, Dr. William Dodd discusses his history with the Communist Party in the United States, including his leadership role in the New York Teachers Union which had over 11,000 members and was completely under Communist control. He describes how the Communist Party used the American Labor Party and teachers to influence politics. Dr. Dodd also discusses Communist efforts to smear and defeat politicians who investigated Communist activities, including New York State Senator Coudert.
This chapter argues that an immediate moratorium on granting new foundation tax exemptions is needed for the following reasons:
1) Lax oversight by the Internal Revenue Service of existing foundations.
2) Widespread violations of tax law and Treasury regulations found in the Small Business Committee's study of 534 large foundations.
3) These 534 foundations withdrew almost $7 billion in untaxed receipts from the U.S. Treasury from 1951-1960, representing only a small fraction of the over 45,000 tax-exempt foundations.
4) The rapidly increasing concentration of economic power and assets in foundations poses a greater threat than past concentrations of economic power like the trusts of the early 20th century
This document provides an overview of outcome-based education (OBE) and discusses teacher experiences with implementing OBE in various school districts. It describes how teachers in Brownsville, PA strongly opposed OBE after trying to implement it, with over 95% of parents also expressing dissatisfaction. Teachers in Ambridge, PA also refused to teach using OBE. The document then discusses Kentucky's education reforms under KERA and how teachers there felt extreme pressure and responsibilities were taken away from students and placed on teachers. Teachers complained that the reforms were unrealistic and took away from their ability to teach.
David l. hoggan plato's dialectic v. hegel and marx- an evaluation of five ...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides a lengthy summary and analysis of Plato's dialectic method compared to the philosophies of Hegel and Marx. It discusses Plato's influences like Socrates, his most famous work The Republic, and his allegory of the cave. It analyzes how Plato was a revisionist who believed Athens, not Sparta, caused the Peloponnesian War. It then discusses how Plato's dialectic method involved thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. The document is written to evaluate Plato's dialectic compared to philosophies that came later.
Principles and technique_of_teaching-frank_w_thomas-1927-422pgs-eduRareBooksnRecords
This document is an introduction to a textbook on teaching principles and techniques written by Frank W. Thomas. It provides an overview of different types of introductory education courses commonly offered in teacher training institutions, including historical, general survey, administrative, and practical teaching-focused approaches. The editor believes Thomas's approach, which begins with directed observation of teaching techniques grounded in psychological learning principles, is most effective preparation for the work of teaching. The introduction recommends the book for use as a textbook in teacher training programs and as a helpful guide for beginning teachers.
School improvement goals-regional_ed_lab-1981-1pg-eduRareBooksnRecords
This document provides information about two upcoming conferences on school improvement and the use of microcomputers in schools. It outlines hotel accommodation options for attendees, with room rates and contact information. It also includes registration forms for the individual conferences or to attend both. The conferences will take place in Portland, Oregon in November 1981 and include keynote speakers and sessions on innovative practices and managing school improvement.
003 Why Boston University Sample Essay ExampleKathryn Patel
The passage discusses the history of anti-Semitism in Christianity. It argues that while Christianity began with anti-Semitic traditions due to its origins, modern Christianity has largely moved away from religiously-motivated anti-Semitism. Historically, Christian empires practiced anti-Semitism against Jews in Jerusalem. Early Christian sermons blamed Jews for the death of Jesus and were spoken against the practice of Judaism. However, the passage asserts that today anti-Semitism has shifted away from religion and is more focused on cultural differences instead of religious doctrine.
Each Response is 250 words eachResponse 1Goal number one t.docxbudabrooks46239
Each Response is 250 words each:
Response 1:
Goal number one this week is portraying a bit more chipper writing attitude as opposed to the last two weeks rather dystopian outlooks. I lay the blame on social isolation J. The common theme running through this weeks’ reading is how statute sovereignty hamstrings OIs such as IJC, International Criminal Court, NATO and so on. I found a couple things interesting in these articles as they are quite old, none more recent than ten years ago. First, de Nevers (2007) mentions NATO alliances agreed upon spending for defense. Defense Department's budget request for research and development for FY 2007 is $57.9 billion. This figure has more than doubled to $107B or 38.6 percent of all R&D budget for 2020 (CRS 2020) and has been a central focus point of the current US administration (Haltiwanger 2019). I interpret de Nevers (2007) framing of NATO’s international security role as a US “It’s my way or the highway”. The argument is reinforced with actions such as the US unilateral invasion of Iraq and the underlying reasons. Paulson (2004) notes (concerning the IJC, “In an increasing number of cases, however, a party refused either to appear or to participate in stages of the proceedings, and unwilling participants were less likely than others to accept the Court's judgment”. Mirror that with views of former UN Ambassador and former National Security Advisor, John Bolton, when referencing the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (Bolton 2018, Bolton 2001):
“The United States will use any means necessary to protect our citizens and those of our allies from unjust prosecution by this illegitimate court. We will not cooperate with the ICC. We will provide no assistance to the ICC. We will not join the ICC. We will let the ICC die on its own. After all, for all intents and purposes, the ICC is already dead to us.”
The extent of US objection to the ICC is it agreed to more than 100 bi-lateral agreements stating countries would not turn over US service members to the Court and passing legislation, American Service-Members' Protection Act in 2002, dubbed “the Hague Invasion Act” (Bolton 2018), that the US would use “any means necessary” to retrieve members from confinement at The Hague, essentially saying it held the right to militarily retrieve service members. Those examples may seem extreme but, in Bolton’s view, it centers on state sovereignty. Similar arguments flow throughout the articles be it whether the IJC judgments in Chad and Libya are observed (Paulson 2004), whether NATO is important to the spread of democracy (Reiter 2001), and so on. The core of each argument is state sovereignty and the debate as to whether an international organization has any sway over a nation’s actions. Such arguments have been made concerning NATO since its inception (U.B. 1958).
As John Bolton (2018) notes, 70 percent of the worlds’ population (including the US, China, Russia, India.
Contrasting documents; "Freedom From War"- the State Department document, and...Wayne Williams
Contrasting authorities; the State Dept.'s "Freedom From War" document, reprinted from the UN Charter, and published in 1961. Contrasting UN authority with that of the US Constitution.
The documents discuss US involvement in the Vietnam War and whether it was justified. Document 1 is a letter from South Vietnamese President Diem to US President Kennedy requesting additional military assistance against Communist forces attacking from the North. Document 2 is Kennedy's response agreeing to help defend South Vietnam's independence. Document 3 contains an excerpt from Truman's 1947 speech introducing the policy of containment against communist expansion. It established the precedent of supporting countries resisting subjugation.
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the website HelpWriting.net. Users can complete a form with their instructions, sources, and deadline. Writers then bid on the request, and the user can choose a writer based on qualifications. After receiving the completed assignment, the user can request revisions if needed. The website aims to provide original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work.
Students will work individually or in groups. Fact-check the answers by looking up and citing reliable sources that reveal historical information that is often hidden on the topic of Communist subversion of the United States and the U.N.
Similar to Should us encourage_un_development-bulletin-1986-6pgs-pol (6)
This document provides background on the historiography of Treblinka and outlines the key debates regarding whether it functioned as an extermination camp or a transit camp. According to official history, 700,000-3,000,000 Jews were gassed at Treblinka between 1942-1943. However, revisionist historians argue this narrative is untenable given a lack of documentation and the technical feasibility of mass gassings and cremations. The document examines different perspectives on Treblinka and sets up an analysis of the camp's likely function in later chapters.
The leuchter-reports-critical-edition-fred-leuchter-robert-faurisson-germar-r...RareBooksnRecords
This document contains the first of four technical reports authored by Fred Leuchter between 1988-1991 regarding the alleged homicidal gas chambers at Nazi camps. The First Leuchter Report provides an engineering analysis of the facilities at Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek and concludes there were no execution gas chambers at those locations based on forensic evidence. It is accompanied by introductions, critical remarks addressing the report's claims, and supporting documents. The subsequent Leuchter Reports examine other camps and critique a book supporting the gas chamber narrative. This edition aims to make the reports accessible again while addressing their claims through additional commentary.
The hoax-of-the-twentieth-century-the-case-against-the-presumed-extermination...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an introduction and summary of Arthur R. Butz's book "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century". The book argues that the presumed extermination of European Jews during World War II has not been proven and may be a hoax. Butz, a professor of electrical engineering, conducted a detailed analysis of Holocaust claims and evidence. Over 500 pages, he examines testimony from war crimes trials, demographic data, and technical aspects of the alleged gas chambers. Butz concludes that no solid evidence exists to confirm Nazi plans to exterminate Jews, and questions key pillars of the Holocaust narrative. The book caused major controversy upon publication for challenging mainstream views on the Holocaust.
The giant-with-the-feets-of-clay-raul-hilberg-and-his-standard-work-on-the-ho...RareBooksnRecords
This document is a book review that critiques Raul Hilberg's seminal work "The Destruction of the European Jews". The review finds that while much of Hilberg's work rests on reliable sources, its title of "Destruction" is inaccurate and should have been "The Persecution of the European Jews". Additionally, the review notes inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony and a lack of documentation of an overarching Nazi policy of annihilation. The review aims to provide a reliable account of how the Holocaust allegedly occurred while also revealing the questionable evidence underlying the accepted narrative.
The gas-vans-ii-a-critical-investigation-santiago-alvarez-holocaust-handbooks...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides a summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas chambers mounted on trucks to murder victims. It scrutinizes all known wartime documents, photos, and witness statements on this topic from over 30 trials. The result of the research is described as "mind-boggling." The book asks whether witness statements are reliable, documents are genuine, the claimed vehicles could have operated as described, and where physical evidence of victims and vehicles might be. It aims to get to the truth of the gas van claims through a critical analysis of all available evidence and testimony.
The gas-vans-a-critical-investigation-by-santiago-alvarez-and-pierre-maraisRareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview and summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas vans to exterminate victims during the Holocaust. It scrutinizes wartime documents, photos, witness statements from over 30 trials. The book asks whether evidence is reliable, documents genuine, and whether claimed operations could actually occur as described. It finds major issues with evidence that gas vans were used as mobile gas chambers to systematically murder people.
The extermination-camps-of-aktion-reinhardt-carlo-mattogno-thomas-kues-jurgen...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an analysis and refutation of claims made by bloggers on the "Holocaust Controversies" blog regarding the "Aktion Reinhardt" camps - Bełzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. It is presented in two parts. Part one introduces the authors and their perspective, examines sources used by opponents to claim mass killings occurred at these camps, and outlines the propaganda origins of the "extermination camps" narrative. It questions official versions of events and Nazi policy. Part two will continue examining evidence for gas chambers and alleged mass killings through archeological evidence, witness testimony and evaluation of claims made by opponents. The authors aim to show flaws in arguments claiming mass killings took place.
The central-construction-office-of-the-waffen-ss-and-police-in-auschwitz-carl...RareBooksnRecords
The document outlines the reorganization of SS construction offices in June 1941, requiring them to be named "Central Construction Office of the Waffen-SS and Police [location]" and standardizing their organization and reporting structures, with the goal of providing continuous oversight of construction work across offices.
The bunkers-of-auschwitz-black-propaganda-versus-history-carlo-mattognoRareBooksnRecords
This document examines the alleged homicidal gas chambers known as the "Bunkers" at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. It argues that the story of the Bunkers originated from wartime rumors within the camp that were later transformed into propaganda by resistance groups. Historians then uncritically accepted witness testimony as fact. A thorough examination of tens of thousands of documents from the Auschwitz construction office finds no evidence that the Bunkers ever existed, contradicting their portrayal in historical accounts. The document aims to fill gaps in the official historiography by analyzing archival documents, construction reports, maps, and logistical considerations regarding the alleged Bunkers.
Special treatment-in-auschwitz-origin-and-meaning-of-a-term-carlo-mattognoRareBooksnRecords
This document provides an introduction and background to the study of the term "special treatment" as it was used in documents related to the Auschwitz concentration camp. It discusses how the term has traditionally been interpreted by historians as being a code word referring to the killing of inmates. However, the author argues that the term had a variety of meanings depending on the context, and was not always a reference to killing. The document outlines how the author will analyze original documents to understand the actual meaning of "special treatment" and related terms, rather than relying on predetermined assumptions. It aims to show that "special treatment" was a normal bureaucratic concept rather than a code word for murder.
This document provides a summary of a book that critically analyzes claims about the Sobibor camp. It questions the mainstream historiography of Sobibor and argues that evidence does not support the claim that it was an extermination camp where 170,000-250,000 Jews were gassed and buried in mass graves. The book examines eyewitness testimony, documents, archeological evidence, and material evidence like fuel requirements for mass cremations. It concludes that Sobibor was likely a transit camp where Jews were temporarily housed before being deported east, challenging the notion that it was a site of industrialized mass murder.
This document is a book that presents lectures on controversial issues related to the Holocaust. It aims to introduce readers to Holocaust revisionist arguments and counterarguments in an accessible dialogue format. Over 500 pages, it examines topics such as Holocaust propaganda, missing Jews, survivor testimonies, documentary evidence from camps like Auschwitz, and censorship of revisionist ideas. The editor's preface discusses why Holocaust revisionism remains an important subject that powerful groups seek to suppress.
The document discusses Jewish emigration from Germany in the 1930s. It makes three key points:
1) Jewish emigration was welcomed and supported by German authorities as a way to remove Jews from Germany, partly in response to declarations of war against Germany by Zionist groups.
2) Emigration occurred through a lawful, regulated process with cooperation between German and Jewish authorities, not as a clandestine flight as sometimes portrayed. Jews received help and advice from both sides.
3) Many German Jews originally felt integrated into German culture and society. Jewish organizations had a variety of political stances, but some, like the Union of National German Jews, strongly identified as Germans rather than seeing themselves as a separate ethnic group
This document is Germar Rudolf's address to the Mannheim District Court from November 15, 2006 to January 29, 2007. It discusses Rudolf's peaceful resistance against what he sees as an unjust prosecution for his scientific work questioning aspects of the Holocaust narrative. The document covers scientific, judicial, and legal considerations and argues that resistance against an oppressive state is obligatory. It includes appendices with expert assessments supporting Rudolf's work, documentation of the court proceedings, and illustrations.
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding Stutthof concentration camp. It summarizes that Polish historians claim Stutthof became a makeshift extermination camp in 1944, gassing many Jewish inmates. However, some Western historians who acknowledge the Holocaust make no claim of extermination at Stutthof. The document aims to investigate the claims of gassing and function of Stutthof through analysis of original documents from Polish and other archives.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concentration camp at Majdanek in Poland. It discusses how Majdanek has been portrayed in official Western historiography, Polish historiography, and revisionist literature. Official Western sources claim Majdanek served as both a labor and extermination camp, where Jews were gassed upon arrival if deemed unfit for work. However, Western historiography has largely neglected detailed study of Majdanek. Polish sources also claim mass murder occurred at Majdanek through gassing and other means. Revisionist literature disputes claims of mass extermination and argues the camp functioned primarily as a labor camp. The document aims to provide an objective, evidence-based study of Majdanek through analysis
The document discusses the origins and development of claims about the methods of murder allegedly used at the Belzec extermination camp. It notes that early accounts described fantastical methods like toxic fluids, mobile gas chambers, steam chambers, and vacuum chambers. Over time, the stories evolved to describe diesel gas chambers. The number of alleged victims also increased dramatically over time, from 600,000 to up to 3 million. Witness accounts of other camps like Sobibor and Treblinka also described implausible methods using chlorine gas, sliding floors, and outdoor furnaces. This narrative evolution reveals the unreliable nature of the sources and suggests the need for a critical analysis of how the historical understanding of Belzec developed.
Mainstream historians claim that the very first gassing of human beings at Auschwitz occurred on September 3, 1941 in the basement of Block 11. However, Carlo Mattogno's analysis of sources finds the accounts of this event to be contradictory and confusing regarding key details like the date, victims, and method. Mattogno argues there is no clear historical evidence that it took place as described.
This document provides an analysis and critique of two previous works on the gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz: Jean-Claude Pressac's "Criminal Traces" and Robert Jan van Pelt's "Convergence of Evidence". The author Carlo Mattogno examines Pressac and van Pelt's arguments and evidence regarding the alleged homicidal gas chambers and cremation of bodies at Auschwitz. Mattogno analyzes technical documents and plans related to the crematoria and questions Pressac and van Pelt's interpretations. The document is divided into two volumes, with the first volume focusing on Pressac's "Criminal Traces" and the second planned to analyze witness testimonies
This document provides an introduction and summary of the book "Auschwitz: Plain Facts" which aims to critique the works of Jean-Claude Pressac on the Auschwitz concentration camp. It summarizes that Pressac attempted to refute Holocaust revisionists using technical documents but failed to do so as he violated scientific principles by making claims he could not prove and contradicted facts. The book aims to rebut Pressac's works through a detailed critique by leading revisionist scholars and argues Pressac revealed a technical incompetence such that his works belong in the category of novels rather than history. It positions the book as a must-read for those wanting to argue against the lies and half-truths of established Holocaust historiography
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
2. UNITED NATIONS (continued)
political power of the Communist
enemy. Instead this war has increased
the political power of the United
Nations and thus serves the secret
objectives of a concealed enemy .
The first exhibit for the.prosecu-
tion is "The Story of. SEATO," a
booklet published by the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization. This is a
copy. Anybody can get a copy of this
booklet, "The Story of SEATO." On
page 5 of "The Story of SEATO," we
find the following declaration, and I
read: "The members of SEATO have
chosen a collective defense system
under the authority of the Charter of
the United Nations." SEATO in this
statement of purpose, and it is a
statement of purpose, asserts that it
is an agency, an extention, of the
United Nations organization.
Now, let us join this information,
that is the declaration of the SEATO
people, let's take this information
and join it with Exhibit number 2, for
the prosecution ; the SEATO treaty
itself. In the back of the same book
we find the SEATO treaty, The South-
east Asia Treaty, sometimes called
the Manila Pact because it was signed
in Manila on 8 September 1954 . In
these articles, and I am going to
quote a part of some of them, we find
the following information, "The
party," says Article 1 of SEATO,
"undertakes as set forth in the Charter
of the United Nations, to settle any
international dispute in which they
may become involved by peaceful
means, and to refrain," and listen to
this, "and to refrain in their interna-
tional relations from the threat or
use of force in any manner incon-
sistent with the purposes of the United
Nations." Inconsistent with the pur-
poses of the United Nations . Well, I
would say that American casualty
figures in this interminable war in
Vietnam is evidence that the military
force used in Vietnam is applied, is
applied in a manner consistent with
the purposes and principles of the
United Nations.
As a matter of fact, the United
States Ambassador to Vietnam,
Elsworth Bunker, made this point
crystal clear in his personal testimony
on Meet the Press, 19 Nov 1967. I
quote a part of his testimony before
the public on this televised show . "It
seems to me," said Bunker, "It seems
to me that what we are doing in
Vietnam is to make credible our com-
mitments under the United Nations
and under SEATO treaty to resist
aggression. W e have made a commit-
ment." Doesn't that sound familiar?
Unfortunately, Ambassador
Bunker failed to identify the UN
agency which is charged with con-
ducting this Vietnam war under the
United Nations. But the information
to fill this important vacuum is found
under Article 4 of the SEATO Treaty .
Again I quote, "Measures," now when
they say measures, they mean military
action, "Measures, taken under this
paragraph shall be immediately re-
ported to the Security Council of the
United Nations ." However, let's pin-
point the UN Articles that make
credible our commitment under the
UnitedNations, because you see, ladies
and gentlemen, this statement, "re-
porting all actions to the Security
Council," this statement means that
the chain of command is very specific.
It could not be more specific than
that. Because you see the Security
Council is the war-waging arm of the
United Nations.
To make credible this commit-
ment, let's quote again, as Mr. Bunker
so lucidly explained on Meet the Press,
let us now present Exhibit number 3
for the prosecution, the United Nations
Charter.
W e will find, as predicted in "The
Story of SEATO," that the authority
for the construction of this UN SEATO
collective defense system is revealed
in Chapter 8 of the United Nations
Charter. Chapter 8 is called regional
arrangements, and we will find that a
comparison of UN and SEATO articles
also shows that the quotations that I
made a moment ago from SEATO are
in fact faithful duplication of the
United Nations Charter, specifically
of provisions 52 and 54 of the United
Nations Charter, this is the Bible of
the One Worlders, the Constitution
for world government,
"Nothing in the present charter,"
says Article 52, "Nothing in the
present charter precludes the exis-
tence of regional arrangements, pro-
viding that such arrangements or
agencies are consistent with the
purposes and principles of the United
Nations."
Where have we heard that before?
Why in the Charter of the SEATO
Treaty.
Ladies and gentlemen, itis immed-
iately apparent that Article 1 of
SEATO exactly reproduces the au-
thority of Article 52 of the United
Nations Charter. Don't you see? In
the same way Article 4 of SEATO
similarly reflects the provisions of
Article 54 of the United Nations
Charter.
Again I quote, "The Security
Council," commands Article 54, "shall
at all times be kept fully informed of
activities undertaken or in contem-
plationunderregionalarrangements ."
Undertaken or in contemplation . This
means, of course, that US military
operations 'undertaken or in contem-
plation' in Vietnam are first submitted
to the UN Security Council for their
approval.
Ladies and gentlemen, the evi-
dence permits but one conclusion,
just one conclusion . The strategy of
'perpetual war for perpetual peace,'
a strategy which sends Americans
into battle with neither the promise
nor the hope of victory, is the strategy
of the United Nations. It is United
Nations strategy, don't you see? As a
matter of fact these UN war making
powers, and the usurpation of govern-
mental authority which permits it,
was dramatically illustrated by James
Reston in his column of 13 July 1967,
which was entitled IsolationsEchoes
by US Move in Congo. Do you remem-
ber when we sent troops to the Congo
under the United Nations?
I quote Mr. Reston, "The admin-
istration's position is that it is com-
mitted under the Charter of the United
Nations, under various treaties and
under the Truman Doctrine, to do
whatever it can to maintain peace
anywhere in the world."
"You realize, of course, that the
real objective of these 'no-win wars'
is not international peace and security
as UN supporters are led to believe .
The true purpose and principle of
these UN military adventures is to
manipulate the United States armed
forces under the United Nations Se-
curity Council . To force all of the
nations of the world into line and to
deliver them up to a one world gov-
ernment. That's what it's all about .
For proof I invite your attention
to Chapter 5 of the United Nations
WARS-UNDER WHATEVER NAME-WHICH DO NOT RE-
DUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF AN OFFICIALLY NAMED
'ENEMY' OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, AND WHICH DO )y=_
NOT INCREASE THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE UNITED
STATES, MUST IN THE END REDUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF
THE UNITED STATES AND THUS SERVE THE SECRET OBJECTIVES
OF A CONCEALED ENEMY.
Archibald E. Roberts, LtCol, AUS, ret .,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, E7874,26 Sept. 1969
2 (continued page 3)
3. UNITED NATIONS (continued)
Charter, headed the "Security Council
Functions and Powers."
I quote, "In order to ensure prompt
and effective action by the United
Nations, its members confer upon
the Security Council, primary respon-
sibility for the maintenance of inter-
national peace and security ."
Again, Article 25, "The members
of the United Nations agree to accept
and carry out the decisions of the
Security Council ."
In simple language, ladies and
gentlemen, these two UN articles
transfer the power of self defense
given to the Congress by the sovereign
states into a blanket authority to
send American soldiers into battle
anywhere in the world at the direction
of the Security Council of the United
Nations. Now, the Constitution is
very specific about the powers of
keeping peace and waging war . No-
where does the Constitution authorize
the transfer of these powers to an
international agency . The prosecution
has therefore established the fact that
the Senate ratification of the United
Nations Treaty on 28 July 1945 is in
violation of the Constitution of the
United States. Being illegal it must
be put down.
Perhaps the members of this jury
have wondered why the wars in Korea
and Vietnam saw the outpouring of
vast resources of US men and material
in a land war without a formal dec-
laration of war by the Congress of
the United States. Well, Article 39 of
the United Nations Charter explains
why, and more importantly why the
UN Security Council can at any time
force this nation and the entire popu-
lation of the United States into a
military posture without the consent
of Congress.
Again I quote from the U .N.
Charter, Article 39, "The Security
Council shall determine the existence
of any threat to the peace, or breach
of the peace or act of aggression. And
it shall decide which measures shall
be taken in accordance with Articles
41 and 42, to maintain or restore
international peace and security ."
Articles 41 and 42 spell out the
full authority and extent of UN mili-
tary action, authorizing the use of
air, sea and land forces. I'm quoting,
"The use of air, sea and land forces as
may be necessary to maintain or
restore international peace and secur-
ity." Additionally, the military muscle
needed to enforce these Security
Council edicts is provided by usurped
sovereign power as spelled out in
Articles 43 and 46 of the United Nations
Charter. These UN laws, Articles 43
STATES, MUST IN THE END REDUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF
THE UNITED STATES AND THUS SERVE THE SECRET OBJECTIVES
OF A CONCEALED ENEMY.
Archibald E. Roberts, LtCol, AUS, ret.,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, E7874,26 Sept. 1969
and 46, order "the transfer of armed
forces, assistance and facilities from
member nations," we are a member
nation, "to the UN Security Council
for use as the Security Council may
determine in its application of armed
force anywhere in the world ." Any-
where in the world.
To give legal coloration to this
breach of public trust, the Congress
of the United States, on 26 Sept 1961,
just eight years ago tonight, ratified
Public Law 87-297, the "Arms Control
and Disarmament Act ." This unbe-
lievable legislation proports to legal-
ize the transfer of the United States
Military establishment, andAmerican
citizens in uniform, to a United
Nations world army. Members of the
jury, fellow Americans, your sons
now serving in Viet Nam, are by UN
Charter definition, a United Nations
world army, and they take their orders
from the United Nations Security
Council "consistent with the princi-
ples and purposes of the United
Nations."
As final proof in the case for the
prosecution, I read from House Joint
Resolution Number 1145, called the
"Gulf of Tonkin Resolution."
"The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
is often quoted as Congress's approval
to commit Americans to the Vietnam
war. This is what the resolution says .
"This resolution (Section 3) shall
expire when the President shall deter-
mine that the peace and security of
the area is reasonably assured by
international conditions created by
the United Nations ." By the United
Nations.
Ladies and gentlemen, I respect-
fully submit that the prosecutions'
case against the United Nations is
now legally established.
The prosecution has demonstrated
that the Articles of the United Nation's
Charter amend by deceit and subter-
fuge the Constitution of the United
States, in a manner not sanctioned
by Article 5 of the Constitution . The
United Nations is therefore a sub-
versive organization and it is a threat
to the freedom of persons and property
guaranteed to the people by the
Constitution .
3
The prosecution has demonstrated
that the authority to commit Ameri-
cans to battle anywhere in the world
has been surreptitiously transferred
from the Congress of the United States
to the Security Council of the United
Nations. Therefore vital powers of
government held in trust for the
American people have been illegally
usurped by the organization of the
United Nations in violation of the
Constitution.
The prosecution has demonstrated
that the real but concealed objectives
of the United Nations organization is
to place the military power of the
United States at the disposal of the
United Nations Security Council, to
force all of the nations into line and
to deliver them up to a one world
government.
The United Nations was therefore
foisted upon the American people to
serve those who seek to overthrow
the Constitution and to coerce our
citizens into a Socialist animal farm.
In this brief indictment of the
United Nations, the prosecution has
also revealed that, as the political
power of the United States is dissi-
pated in no-win military ventures all
over the globe, the political power of
the United Nations and those who
serve and promote its purposes is
increased.
In summation, the prosecution
declares that the United States should
not participate or encourage the
development of the United Nations .
To the contrary, the prosecution
claims that it is the clear and urgent
duty of all federal office holders to
dismantle the United Nations Organi-
zation in consonance with their oath
to, "defend and preserve this Consti-
tution."
The prosecution rests.
COLONELROBERTS'REBUTTALTO
REPRESENTATIVE OTTINGER'S
OPENING REMARKS
The Honorable Ottinger made
some splendid points in support of
(continued page 4)
WARS-UNDER WHATEVER NAME-WHICH DO NOT RE- a
MI I4ADUCETHEPOLITICALPOWEROFANOFFICIALLYNAMED r
i V'ENEMY' OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, AND WHICH DO
NOT INCREASE THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE UNITED %~
4. UNITED NATIONS (continued)
world government in his presentation .
I believe that he may have impressed
you with the urgency for such world
government, protecting us from a
nuclear holocaust. Because this was
his introduction to his talk; that in
order to avoid a nuclear holocaust,
which is today's example of inter-
national wars, we must embrace world
government under the United Nations,
or a similar agreement. I think we
are familiar with this technique of
harassment and terror. It has been
used against us for a good many
years. I don't think that it is necessary
to refute the fact that there is a nuclear
potential. But, let us keep in mind
who actually controls the nuclear
trigger on both sides of the Atlantic
Ocean.
I believe also that Congressman
Ottinger attempted to paint the United
Nations as the "good guy." For pur-
poses of illustration, on the reverse
side of this coin, we ought to identify
some of these "good guys." And since
I talked about the Security Council, I
would like to identify some of the
good guys in the Security Council. In
fact, specifically, I would like to iden-
tify the Under Secretary for Political
and Security Council Affairs in the
United Nations.
The Under Secretary post is ac-
tually the supreme director of the
Security Council. He is the permanent
member, whereas the President of
the Security Council rotates, as you
know, every year. But the permanent
official, selected by the United Nations
Secretary, is the Under Secretary for
Political and Security CouncilAffairs .
These are the men who have held
this post since the beginning of the
United Nations.
These are the "good guys."
The Congressman also mentioned
that in as much as we have the veto
power we are not bound to any dis-
tasteful decisions of the Security
Council. I would like to point out that
we no longer have the veto power in
the Security Council. This was taken
away from us by the "Uniting for
Peace Resolution," passed by the
General Assembly in 1950. At that
point the General Assembly assumed
all of the prerogatives and powers
which formerally were limited to the
Security Council therefore effectively
circumventing U.S. veto power in
the Security Council .
I would also like to point out that.
the Congressman statedthat UNESCO
and its humanitarian activities is of
considerable pride to the United
Nations . Many of us realize that
UNESCO is the propaganda arm of
the United Nations. Its purpose is to
convince the American people that
the United Nations is the hope of the
world. We know that Jesus Christ is
the hope of the world .
And now, in order to further
examine the United Nations we will
have a question and answer period .
(q) Col.Roberts, Ihaveherean article
from Foreign Affairs, the Council on
Foreign Relations, Mayedition, writ-
ten by Youst. He is talking about the
treaties, SEATO, CENTO, NATO, and
he says underexistingcircumstances
the United States would no doubt
have to join in resisting an attack if
requested by Japan, South Korea,
Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand,
Australia, New Zealand, Israel, and
would also probably have to come to
the assistance of such states as India
and Iran if they were attacked by
Communists. Would you like to
comment?
Roberts
Yes, I believe that it is now general
knowledge, that although it has been
officially admitted there are some-
thing like 42 area treaties committing
this nation to send her sons to defend
other countries, what may not be
generally known is that this number
exceeds 5,000 separate agreements,
treaties and otherinvolvements, which
now commit the American govern-
ment, if you will, to place at the
disposal of the U.N. Security Council,
United States citizens in uniform for
the purpose of defending against
aggression anywhere in the world.
This of course, has been highly publi-
cized in the discussions in the Senate
of the United States, in their discussion
of Senate Joint Resolution 85 . Because
Senate Joint Resolution 85 has un-
covered such things as the agreement
with Thailand, which now permits
4
the placement of American soldiers,
citizens in uniform, at the disposal of
Thailand commanders. In otherwords,
I believe that these agreements very
lucidly and dramatically show that
the Congress of the United States
holds the American people and their
sons in utter contempt . Because the
American soldier in uniform is now
a paid mercenary who can be sent to
fight as a paid mercenary in any
nation in the world under these
agreements.
(q) I'd like to ask Col. Roberts a
question. I'd like to read a paragraph
from a pamphlet which was given to
me. "The Anatomy of a Revolution,"
says contemporary history in fact
convincinglysuggests that those that
head the federal government are
manipulated by mattoids, by men of
unbalanced and dangerous brilliance,
who direct the exploitation of the
United States power structure byy
applying an internal psyco-eugenic
science as a weapon against the
people. Theyhaveseeminglyperfected
a sophisticated, systemized plan in-
corporatingbrain washingandgenetic
prostitution to achieve Soviet style
control over the American social
order. Col. Roberts, Who are these
people?
Roberts
Just happen to have a note here. I
believe that we can show who these
people are by placing this question
within the parameter of the United
Nations, because this is what we are
talking about.
It ought to be explained that the
United Nations was spawned two
weeks after Pearl Harbor in the office
of Secretary of State, Cordell Hull . In
a letter to the President, Franklin D .
Roosevelt, dated 22 Dec 1941, Secretary
Hull, at the direction of his faceless
sponsors, and we are going to identify
them in a minute, recommended the
founding of a Presidential Advisory
Committee on Post War Foreign
Policy. This Post War Foreign Policy
Committee was in fact the planning
commission for the United Nations,
and its Charter. The purpose of this
Committee, Mr. Hull stated, would be
preparing for "effective participation
WARS-UNDER WHATEVER NAME-WHICH DO NOT RE-
DUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF AN OFFICIALLY NAMED
'ENEMY' OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, AND WHICH DO
NOT INCREASE THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE UNITED ~cLv
STATES, MUST IN THE END REDUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF
THE UNITED STATES AND THUS SERVE THE SECRET OBJECTIVES
OF A CONCEALED ENEMY.
Archibald E. Roberts, LtCol, AUS, ret.,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, E7874,26 Sept. 1969
(continued page 5)
1946-49 Arkady Sobolev USSR
1949-53 Constantine Zinchenko USSR
1953-54 Ilya Tcherychev USSR
1955-57 Dragoslav Protich Yugoslavia
1958-59 Anatoly Dobrynin USSR
1960-62 Georgy Arkadev USSR
1962-63 Eugeney D. Kiselev USSR
1963-65 Vladimir P. Suslov USSR
1965-67 A. E. Nesterenko USSR
1968-present Leonid N. Kutakov USSR
5. UNITED NATIONS (continued)
in the solution of vast and complicated
problems of international relations
which will confront the United States
and the world after the final defeat of
the forces of aggression ."
Now, without going into too much
detail as to the structure of this Com-
mittee, which was the planning
committee for the United Nations, I'd
like to identify the men who made up
the Committee, beside Secretary of
State Hull:
Mr. Sumner Welles, Under Secre-
tary of State, who was Vice Chairman
of the committee . A member of the
Council on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Norman Davis, President of
the Council on Foreign Relations .
Mr. Myron C. Taylor, member of
the Council on Foreign Relations .
Mr. Dean Acheson, who was then
Assistant Secretary of State, also a
member of the Council on Foreign
Relations.
Mr. Hamilton Fish Armstrong,
Editor of Foreign Affairs, which is
the official publication of the Council
on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Adolf A. Berle Jr., Assistant
Secretary of State, a member of the
Council on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Isaiah Bowman, President of
John Hopkins University, a member
of the Council on Foreign Relations .
Mr. Benjaman V. Cohen, General
Council for the National Power Policy
Committee, a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Herbert Feis, Department of
State Advisor on International Eco-
nomic Relations, a member of the
Council on Foreign Relations.
Mr. Green N. Hackworth, Dept .
of State legal advisor.
Mr. Harry C . Hopkins, Chief,
Department of State, Division of
Commercial Policy.
Mrs. Anne O'Hare McCormick,
editorial staff, New York Times .
Dr. Leo Pasvolsky, who was then
a Special Assistant to the Secretary
of State, Chief of Departments Divi-
sion of Special Research, and a
member of the Council on Foreign
Relations.
I point out that since it is apparent
that each member of the Committee,
chosen to create and write the Charter
of the United Nations was without
exception, a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations, or under the
control of the Council on Foreign
Relations, it is obvious that the secret
PIFIN
WARS-UNDER WHATEVER NAME-WHICH DO NOT RE-
DUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF AN OFFICIALLY NAMED
'ENEMY' OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, AND WHICH DO
NOT INCREASE THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE UNITED ~~
STATES, MUST IN THE END REDUCE THE POLITICAL POWER OF
THE UNITED STATES AND THUS SERVE THE SECRET OBJECTIVES
OF A CONCEALED ENEMY .
Archibald E. Roberts, LtCol, AUS, ret .,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, E7874,26 Sept. 1969
government of the United States is
the Council on Foreign Relations.
And that they manipulate and operate
our foreign policy through the Secre-
tary of State and the State Department
as the supreme directors of our policy .
(q) The U.N. has no army?
Roberts
I believe that it should be stated
that the United Nations does have an
army . . . ours. As a matter of historical
accuracy, let me remind you that the
American military establishment in
Korea is still called the United Nations
Command.
(q) Don 't you think it would be a good
idea to have every member of Congress
pass an examination concerning the
United Nations?
Roberts
I believe that it must be brought
out that under Article 5 of the Consti-
tution of the United States there are
only twoways in which the Constitu-
tion can be amended and that is by a
convention of the states or by ratifica-
tion of two thirds of the states. Now
we have shown in the preceeding
discussion that powers of government,
namely the power to declare war and
to control military ventures anywhere
in the world, to transfer our soldiers
into these conflicts without the
approval of the Congress, is a viola-
tion of the Constitution . Because the
Congress by Constitutional edict and
direction is the only authority which
can authorize the declaration of war
and the commitment of our national
economy and the lives of our young
sons in a defense posture to preserve
and protect the United States .
(q) (United Nations is a communist
plot etc.)
Roberts
The point was made that we are
fighting Communist aggression,
therefore it is in juxtaposition to
the United Nations, V is-a-vis Russian
Communism. Well, let us dispel that
faulty premise immediately. I think
it must be apparent that there is
something vitally wrong with the
conduct of the war in Vietnam when
the number 26 military power in the
5
world is able for seven years to thwart
the military might of the number 1
military power, the United States.
Further, I would point out that this
montage of military action against
the backdrop of mainland Asia is in
fact a subterfuge. It is a subterfuge
because we are supporting both sides
of this war. We are supporting both
sides. We send business groups to
Moscow to make deals with this
enemy, to make arms and ammunition
to send to the Communist enemy
fighting our sons in Vietnam . We
find that the major port of Haiphong,
through which most of this military
hardware is processed, is left intact .
It is never bombed and never will be
because the United Nations Security
Council in Vietnam, just as they did
in Korea, control both sides of the
action. To create conflict . Why? Be-
cause "No-win Wars" create a resig-
nation on the part of the American
people, and through terror and 'giving
up; will persuade the American people
that the resolution of these evil wars
all over the world must be world
government. World government is
the objective .
(q) I would like to know if either of
you are familiar with a letter verifying
the Security Council's involvement
in the Vietnam War.
Roberts
No, I'm not.
(q) Are all U.S. actions in Vietnam
reported to the U.N. Security Council?
Roberts
Yes . Douglas McCarthy III,
U.S. State Department, in 1965, in
response to a letter from Florida,
asking the question, "Is Article 54 of
the United Nations Charter being
observed in Vietnam," answered in
the affirmative . His answer was, "Yes
all of the actions undertaken in
Vietnam are being reported, in com-
pliance with the provisions of Article
54, of the United Nations Charter, to
the Security Council. "This is proof
positive that U .S. military action has
to have the approval of the Security
Council before it can be implemented.
(q) I'd like to ask the Col., according
to my reading, I understand that the
UnitedNations Charteris virtually a
(continued page 6)
6. UNITED NATIONS (continued)
copy of the Constitution of the USSR .
Am I correct in that understanding?
Roberts
I think it is significant to remem-
ber that one of the framers of the
United Nations Charter was Leo
Pasvolsky. Leo Pasvolsky was born
in Russia of Communist parentage
and came to this country at a very
early age. He was inserted into our
government and rose by rapid pro-
gression into a position from which
he was able to ultimately transfer
certain sovereignty of the United
States into the United Nations. I think
this is significant for this reason :
You can take these two documents,
that is the United Nations Charter
and the document you mentioned, the
Constitution of the USSR, and you
can compare these and you can see
where the material from the USSR
Constitution has been taken and in-
serted into the Charter of the United
Nations. It is that close .
(q) (Question on U.N. international
peace and security)
Roberts
I would like to present two sides
of the same coin. The one side Con-
gressman Ottinger presented was
international peace and security. The
other side of the coin is full and
complete disarmament. Now, 'full and
complete disarmament' presupposes
the creation of a disarmed world . But
this is a false goal you see, because
what the internationalists, and ap-
parently Congressman Ottinger,
really propose is a central political
authority backed by overwhelming
military power. And that military
power is to be controlled by the United
Nations. Not as a world international
peace force but the same kind of
peace enjoyed by the Soviet citizen
under Soviet bayonets."
I should like to point out that the
international peace and security that
you will enjoy under this world gov-
ernment is already spelled out in a
Bill of Rights for world government
published by the United Nations
General Assembly on 12 Jan 1967 . It
is called the "International Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights."
This is the same Bill of Rights
for world citizenship which you will
enjoy very soon unless you do some-
thing about it, unless we change the
march to the animal farm.
You know we have a Bill of Rights
under the Constitution. This is the
Bill of Rights for world citizenship .
It is a duplication, by and large, of
our own Bill of Rights . I'd like to
show you the comparison.
Article 18, of the new Bill of
Rights: Freedom to manifest one's
religion or beliefs may be subject
only to such limitations as are pre-
scribed by law.
Article 19: Everyone shall have
the right to hold opinion without
interference but it may be subject to
certain restrictions, but these shall
only be such as are provided by law .
Article 21: The right of peaceful
assembly shall be recognized. No
restriction may be placed on the exer-
cise of this right other than imposed
in conformity with the law .
This is the animal farm.
(q) Why is it where the Communist
interest is involved the United Nations
seems tobe weak, andwhen the United
States interests are involved, we are
on our own?
Roberts
I believe that for clarification it
should be noted that the United States
is the only nation that ratified the
Charter of the United Nations as a
treaty. Sowe are the only ones actually
legally bound by it . It must be very
obvious that the purpose of the United
Nations was to collect and control
the military establishment of the
United States .
I served in Korea, just as Con-
gressman Ottinger did. I was with
the 187th Airborne Regimental Com-
bat Team. The other nations serving
in Korea were token forces. The brunt
of the action was always carried by
United States military forces. And
one of the shocking things that I
witnessed, and which actually began
my thinking and investigation, was
this; for the first time in American
history, I saw American dead being
buried under a foreign device, the
United Nations banner.
(q) What is the Council on Foreign
Relations? And where do they meet
and how can we attend?
Roberts
The headquarters of the Council
on Foreign Relations is the Harold
Pratt House 58 East 68th St., New
York City 10021 . And the way you
attend these meetings, and they are
held all over the United States-there
are something like 39 subcommittees
of the Council, is to be a leader in
your community either as an indus-
trialist, banker or military leader or
in some other top level echelon . Then
you may be invited to become amem-
ber. Either a member of the New
York committee or a subsidiary com-
mittee. And to answer your first part
6
of the question, The Council on For-
eign Relations comprises some 1800
leading individuals on the American
scene; industry, banking and military
and every other social/government
facet. Of these 1800 we believe there
are about 300 who are the decision-
makers and who have created this
monster called the United Nations.
(q) In view of the Congressman's
answer, a very good answer to some
peoples ears, my question; Do you
know anything about the Executive
Order, do you know anything about
the Executive Order in which our
President, since 1956, can just sign
away our Constitution, our Bill of
Rights and we will be under the United
Nations Charter? I'm sure Col. Roberts
knows:
Roberts
The question of course does not
relate to statutes but to executive
order. The Executive Order is a tech-
nique, a rather recent technique, which
was devised by some preceding presi-
dents to circumvent the Constitution's
restrictions in so far as 'a state of
emergency.' There are today some-
thing in excess of 3,000 of these execu-
tive orders which have been inserted
into the Federal Register. These
Executive Orders automatically, with-
out the consent of Congress or anyone
else, become the law of the land, once
they are signed . Provision of all of
these Executive Orders is to transfer
control of every facet of our economy
and industry, military, communica-
tions and the entire structure of these
United States and to create a dictator-
ship under the President . They provide
for, in case of a national emergency-
and national emergency is not de-
fined-so that any condition which is
determined by the President (or more
accurately his faceless advisors) to
be an emergency will be the excuse
for implementing these Executive
Orders and transferring us wholesale
into a world government .
I believe that we might come to a
conclusion by reducing this problem
to the central issue .
Congressman Ottinger has again
and again extolled the virtues of the
United Nations and his belief that we
must have world government if we
are to resolve the threat of war. What
has been ignored by all of us so far, is
the fact that such a world government
presupposes the transfer of sover-
eignty to a world international body .
Now, nowhere in the Constitution is
the Congress authorized or permitted
to dissolve the Constitution. Congress-
man Ottinger, and every other member
of Congress, has taken an oath to
defend and preserve that Constitution .
They are not doing it .