The document discusses Pakistan's ongoing energy crisis. It notes that Pakistan relies heavily on natural gas for power generation but gas reserves are dwindling. While the country has potential for hydro, wind, and solar power, less than 10% of these resources have been exploited. The energy shortage has exceeded 6000 MW in recent years, causing blackouts of 6-8 hours daily. This energy crisis negatively impacts Pakistan's economy and stability. The document recommends increasing investment in renewable resources like solar and wind, reducing transmission losses, and encouraging private sector participation to help address the shortage.

1. ENERGY CRISIS
PRESENTER: JAVERIA FAROOQ (481)

2. SHORTFALL

3. • A deficit of something required or expected is termed as
shortfall.
• In a developing country like Pakistan, a reliable,
uninterrupted, and affordable energy supply is a fundamental
precondition for:
 reducing poverty
 encouraging investment
 boosting economic growth.

4. NATURAL GAS

5. • 50 percent of its power generation
• Current reserve replacement ratio is less than 26 percent
• Gas supply-demand has reached two billion cubic feet per day,
with no significant additions to the national natural gas
infrastructure
• Despite the issuance of 96 gas exploration licenses and 90 finds
over the last three years
• Reduction in the gas volumes by five percent per annum shall
reduce our gas availability to 3 billion cubic feet per day by the
year 2022.

6. HYDRO, WIND & THERMAL
POWER

7. • Blessed with a proven hydropower potential of 41,722 megawatts
• Exploited only 6,595 megawatts so far
• Blessed with a wind corridor with a 50,000 megawatt potential
• Less than 2.5percent has been exploited so far
• Percentage share of the thermal power generation has gone up to
67 percent in the national energy mix.

8. SOLAR ENERGY

9. • Recent report published by USAID
• Pakistan can potentially produce 100,000 MW from solar
energy alone
• Over the past five years, Pakistan has been facing an average
shortfall of between 4,000-5,000 MW
• In 2018 shortfall exceeded to 6000 MW

10. ELECTRICITY

11. • Despite broad access to electricity:
 99 percent of the population had access to electricity
in 2016
 Compared to 59 percent of the population in 1990
• 66.7 percent of the businesses in Pakistan cite electricity shortages
• More significant obstacle to business than corruption (11.7
percent) and crime/terrorism (5.5 percent)

12. • Country experiences massive blackouts
• Load shedding of 6-8 Hours a day for
households and 1-2 hours a day for the
industry
• Because of poor energy management

16. Causes
Poor
Governance
Incompetence
Transmission
Losses
Poor energy
infrastructure
Over-reliance
on non-
renewable
energy
sources

17. CONSEQUENCES

18. • Economic and Political instability, effects our GDP & Energy
growth
• Fluctuation of oil prices in international market
• We waste 15 to 20 percent energy through poor distribution system
• Aging of equipment
• Unable to generate required electricity
• Unproductive efforts
• Mismanagement of energy resources
• Lack of technical knowledge

19. STEPS TAKEN

20. • The construction of Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, with a nameplate
capacity of 1,000 MW
• Four wind mills were installed in coastal area of Sindh
• 10 small hydro plants with a capacity of 110 mw in progress
• Bhasha dam policy

21. RECOMMENDATIONS

22. • Electricity saving devices
• Awareness campaign for energy saving
• Reduction in unnecessary transportations
• Installation of effective equipment/energy efficient in industries
• Decreasing line/transmission losses
• Constructing new dams and hydro power plants
• Importing Natural Gas
• Utilizing alternative energy resources

24. • Increase the number of IPPs (Independent Power Producers)
• Reactivate the closed power generating units
• Overhaul the existing poor distribution system
• Import electricity to fulfill the current need for industries
Government should have strict check on energy indicators on regular
basis to counter such crisis in future

26. • Developing and installing coal based powerhouses.
• Initiate agreements for mega projects with the energy extensive
countries for sustainable energy resources.
• Explorations of more oil, gas and coal reserves.
• Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to the engineer
for new technology

28. The AEDP is working on the following alternate energy resources:
•Wind
•Micro wind
•Solar photovoltaic
•Micro hydel
•Biomass / waste-to-energy
•Solar thermal
•Bio fuels
•Fuel cell
•Geo thermal