The document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis and its effects on the economy. It outlines several causes of the crisis, including aging infrastructure, high fuel costs, lack of energy planning, and inefficiencies. The crisis led to unemployment, reduced industrial and agricultural output, and higher electricity prices. To overcome the crisis, the document recommends improving energy infrastructure, replacing outdated equipment, exploring renewable resources like solar and wind, and better long-term energy planning.

1. GHULAM MUSTAFA
2013-ag-997
•Energy crises effected
the economy of Pakistan

2. Introduction
An Energy Crisis is any great shortfall in the
supply of energy to an economy
It usually refers to the shortage of oil,
electricity or other natural resources

4. Effects on the economy
Unemployment increased
Effect on production
Higher electricity prices
Effect in agriculture
Effect on industries
Effect on education

6. Impact on society
• Imported oil and coal and shortage of natural
gas increase prices
• Dependent on other countries
• Less agriculture yields

8. Causes of energy crises
1 .AGING OF THE EQUIPMENT
One very important reason attributed to this
energy shortage is the aging of the generating
equipment which could not develop the electricity
as per the design requirement
2 .WASTAGE OF ENERGY
So far energy conservation is limited to newspaper
ads lip service in seminars. No serious thought is
being given to utilize the energy at the optimum
level.

9. 3 .HIGH COST OF FUEL
The cost of crude has increased from 40 $ to
140 $/barrel. it means the generation from
thermal units are costing exorbitant price.
WAPDA and KESC when purchasing electricity
on higher cost are not eager to keep on selling
the electricity on loss. Therefore they do not
move on general complain of load shedding.

10. 4 .MONOPOLY IN THE BUSINESS
Wapda and KESC are two generation and
dispatch units in Pakistan. although NEPRA is a
government authority to settle the
tariff issues but the fact remains that once
the question of WAPDA comes the authority
has a very little influence.

11. • 5 .EXPLORING COAL
Pakistan is blessed with large amount of the
coal. again no serious work is done to explore
the coal for power generation. This is
complained that the coal quality is inferior.
however tailored made solutions are available
to burn any type of coal. Government is
looking for private sector to play its role

12. • 6 .RENEWABLE ENERGY
The government exerting great efforts to develop
the renewable energy. PPIB has issued letter of
intent to many private sector sponsors. If a serious
work is done then the total shortage can be met
from Hydro and wind power sector.
7 .ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
So far the government is looking for private
sector investment in energy sector and for itself
it choose a role of facilitator and arbitrator

13. • 8 .ENERGY PLANNING
in spite higher costs immediate relief is only
possible with thermal power plants which can be
commissioned in 24 months time. A comprehensive
and realistic planning will help to develop
generating units in Pakistan which will be a catalytic
element for the economic growth , poverty
elevation and prosperity in Pakistan
9 .DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Wapda briefing highlight the poor distribution
system as the main cause of tripping and break down
of the system. However we consider as the last of our
concern

14. SWOT Analysis
Strength
 Government import and
increase taxes to generate
revenue.
 Explorations of more oils,
gas and coal reserves
 Conservation of energy
resources
Weakness
 Industries destroyed
 Lack of investor
 Economy slowdown
 Recession
 Unemployment increases

15. SWOT Analysis
Opportunities
 Increase the number of IPPs
(Independent Power
Producers).
 Monopolistic environment
 Profitable for some business
like generator, ups
THREATS
 Protest of general public
 Vulnerabilities leading
toward political instability
 Lack of new projects but
just seminars only
 People buying power
decreases

17. Installed capacity
Electricity – total installed capacity 21,103MW
• Electricity – Sources
– fossil fuel – 13,637 MW – 65% of total
– hydro – 6,654 MW – 31% of total
– nuclear – 812 MW – 4% of total
• There are four major power producers in country:
WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority),
KESC (Karachi Electric Supply Company), IPPs
(Independent Power Producers) and PAEC (Pakistan
Atomic Energy Commission).

18. • WAPDA Hydel
• Tarbela 3478 MW
Mangla 1000 MW
• Ghazi – Barotha 1450 MW
• Warsak 243 MW
• Chashma 184 MW
• Dargai 20 MW
• Rasul 22 MW
• Shadi-Waal 18 MW
• Nandi pur 14 MW
• Kurram Garhi 4 MW
• Renala 1 MW
• Chitral 1 MW
• Jagran (AK) 30 MW
• Khankhwar 72 MW
• AllaiKhwar 121 MW
• Total Hydel 6,654 MW

19. • WAPDA Thermal
• Gas Turbine Power Station, Shahdra 59 MW
• Steam Power Station, Faisalabad 132 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, Faisalabad 244 MW
• Gas Power Station, Multan 195 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Muzaffargarh 1350 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Guddu 1655 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, Kotri 174 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Jamshoro 850 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Larkana 150 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Quetta 35 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, Panjgur 39 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Pasni 17 MW
• Total Thermal 4811 MW

20. • WAPDA’s total hydel and thermal capacity is
11,272 MW. Hydel electricity generated by
WAPDA varies between two extremities, i.e.,
between minimum of 2,414 MW and
maximum of 6,761 MW depending upon the
river flow.

21. • Karachi Electric Supply Company
• Thermal Power Station, Korangi 316 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, Korangi 80 MW
• Gas Turbine Power Station, SITE 100 MW
• Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim 1260 MW
• KESC total generation capacity is 1756 MW.

25. Steps to overcome energy crises
• 1) Govt. should pay the dues of power
generation Companies so that they can
produce electricity at their level best.
• 2) Immediately replace Street Lights of our Big
Cities with an LED Panel Lights. Through this
we can save approximately 1900 MW of
Electricity.

26. • 3) Replace florescent Bulbs with Energy Saver bulbs
and encourage the Citizens to use Energy Saver
bulbs as through this policy we can save 1150 MW
of Electricity.
• 4) We must collect reliable and credible data for
solar and wind mills development. In meanwhile in
few selected areas, projects of wind and solar
energy should be taken up.
• 5) Whatever we do, it must be affordable. Symbolic
Houses like PM House, and Presidency should be
the part of load shedding schedule.

28. Solutions
• Short term planning
• Mid term planning
• Long term planning

31. Conclusion