Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis due to underdeveloped energy infrastructure and rapidly increasing demand. The demand now exceeds supply, leading to frequent load shedding. Pakistan relies on conventional sources like thermal, hydel, and nuclear energy as well as nonconventional sources like wind and solar. The energy crisis is caused by factors such as economic and political instability, fluctuations in international oil prices, an aging distribution system with transmission losses, mismanagement of resources, and silting of reservoirs. Recommended solutions include reducing unnecessary energy use through efficiency and conservation, developing new resources such as Thar coal and renewable energy, and importing electricity and gas through proposed pipelines with other countries.

1. Name: Fasieh-ur-Rehman
Registration num: 801-
FBAS/BSES/F15
Subject: Presentation and Basic
Academic Writing
Presented to: Mr. Zahid Hameed

2. ENERGY CRISIS
An Energy crisis is any great shortfall in the supply of energy
resources to an economy. It usually refers of oil & additionally to
electricity & other natural resources.

3. Pakistan’s Energy Sector:
• Pakistan’s energy infrastructure is not well developed, rather it
is considered to be underdeveloped and poorly managed.
Currently the country is facing severe energy crisis. Despite of
strong economic growth and rising energy demand during past
decade, no serious efforts have been made to install new
capacity of generation. Moreover, rapid demand growth,
transmission losses due to outdated infrastructure, power theft,
and seasonal reductions in the availability of hydropower have
worsened the situation. Consequently, the demand exceeds
supply and hence load-shedding is a common phenomenon
through power shutdown

5. Sources of Energy in Pakistan
Following are the main sources of energy in Pakistan (for
generating electricity):
Conventional sources
Conventional energy sources are typically fully developed.
Nonrenewable resources
It includes ;
1) Thermal energy
2) Hydal energy
3)Nuclear energy

6. Nonconventional sources
Nonconventional sources may be functional but are still
undergoing development and use renewable resources.
1) Wind energy
2) Solar energy
3) Bio gas (energy animal &plant wastes)

8. CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS
 Economic & Political instability
Effects our GDP & Energy growth
 Fluctuation of oil prices in int’l market
WAPDA & KESC purchase expensive oil & transfer cost to
customers
 Faulty distribution system
We waste 15-25 % energy through poor distribution system
 Aging of Equipment
Unable to generate required electricity

9.  Unproductive efforts
Seminars & conferences but no implementation
 Silting process
It is naturally caused process which reduces the storage capacity
of reservoirs
 Mismanagement of energy resources
Lack of technical knowledge & equipment to utilize existing
resources

11. Recommendations/Solutions
of Energy Crisis
1) Reducing unnecessary energy use:
 Usage of electricity saving devices
 Awareness campaign for energy saving
 Reduction in unnecessary transportations by developing good
public transport systems and strengthening Pakistan railways
 Reduction in industrial uses with installation of effective
equipment
 Decreasing reliance on rental power projects, because instead
of doing any good, they are increasing prices of electricity.
 Decreasing line losses by using efficient power transmission
cables

12. 2) Developing new energy resources
 Tapping indigenous resources (Thar coal)
 Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams
and hydro power plants
 Import of natural gas by IPI (Iran Pakistan India) and TAPI
(Turkmenistan,Afghanistan,Pakistan and India) pipelines
 Import of electricity from Tajikistan through Pak Afghan
Tajikistan transmission- and Iran (approximately 1000 MW
from each of them) pipelines
 Utilizing alternative energy resources
• Wind power
• Biodiesel /Biomass
• Solar
• Tidal